International Journal of Applied Biology

Taxonomic Identification of Boswellia dalzielii Hutch Based on Chemical composition

Abdulrahman Mahmoud Dogara — 2023-12-28

Abstract

The family Burseraceae comprises a total of 18 genera and 540 species. Boswellia dalzielii is a botanical species commonly employed in tropical and subtropical regions for its therapeutic properties, serving as a remedy for a diverse range of health conditions. The taxonomic identification and chemical composition of B. dalzielii in northern Nigeria have not been extensively documented in scientific literature, despite the recognized medicinal efficacy of this plant species. The soxhlet extraction method was employed to extract ethanol, methanol, and aqueous crude from the leaves. Subsequently, the extracted samples were subjected to analysis using gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed for the purpose of functional group identification in the crude extract. There was clear and noticeable distinction between the species under consideration on the X axis of principal component (PC) 1. The methanol and aqueous chemicals that were extracted from B. dalzielii showed a higher degree of similarity and were found to cluster together on the left side of the PC1 axis. PC2 did not indicate a clear distinction of the extract. The ethanol extract included 15 different chemicals, the methanol extract contained 12 different chemicals, and the aqueous extract contained 11 different chemicals.

Studying on influences of cultural factors on the antibacterial activities of Lactobacillus fermentum strains against human fecal Staphylococcus aureus.

Dũng Nguyễn Anh — 2023-12-28

One of the best-known and widespread bacterial pathogens that cause invasive infections as well as skin infections is recognized as Staphylococcus aureus strains to contribute to certain pneumonia and other respiratory tract infections, cardiovascular infections, infections at surgical sites, infections of prosthetic joints, and nosocomial bacteremia. Meanwhile, Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have an effective antibacterial potential that may be used to safeguard both human and animal health, according to several research. Numerous LAB strains are side effect free and incapable of harming both people and lab animals. Hence, this study was performed to investigate the optimal conditions including MipH, InTe, and InTi for Lactobacillus fermentum (LAF) isolated from traditional fermented foods against human fecal Staphylococcus aureus (hf-SA).

Preventive Action of Blue Lotus (Nymphaea Caerulea) Flower Extract against E. Coli-Induced Immune-Pathological Changes In Gallus gallus domesticus Embryo.

Satadal Das — 2023-12-28

Nymphaea caerulea is an aquatic plant originally found in the Nile River has several therapeutic activities - anti-depressant, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-microbial activities. This led us to perform the study focusing on the anti-microbial properties of the flower extract. Crude ethanolic extract of petals and pollens of N. caerulea flower were prepared and its antimicrobial activity was checked against E. coli. The Minimum Inhibition Concentration value was determined showing that both the extracts had similar capability against both the strains, with MIC value of 0.39mg/ml and 0.78mg/ml MIC against E.coli ATCC and MDR strains respectively. Further studies were done to study the gross morphological changes and the genetic expression changes of IL-10 and IFN-γ in E. coli-infected Gallus gallus domesticus embryo models. From the results, it can be said that the extract has preventive effects that reduce haemorrhages of the embryos when infected with E. coli. Moreover, there was slight increase in the level of IL-10 cytokine gene expression indicating its anti-inflammatory action along with a higher increase in the IFN-γ cytokine gene expressions responsible for activating the host immunity. Thus, the findings indicate the probable potential role of N. caerulea flower extract to act as an antibacterial agent.

Long-Term Effects of COVID-19: A Guide to Post-Recovery Symptoms in Diyala Governorate, Eastern Iraq

sarmad Mohammad — 2023-12-28

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a massive global event with significant health, psychological and social consequences, appeared for the first time in December 2019, it was officially called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-Cov-2), it causes important diseases in humans ranging from common cold to deadly respiratory infections, most infected people recovering within a few weeks, except some of them, have symptoms for a long time and it is called a post-COVID-19 syndrome.

Objectives: This study was conducted in Diyala Governorate, north of Baghdad, from October 2022 to March 2023, to investigate the most important symptoms that people are still suffering from them after recovering from COVID-19.

Materials and methods: The study was carried out by cross-sectional analysis of a sample of people who had previously been infected with COVID-19, using a questionnaire that was divided into several sections including demographic details for the participants in this study, duration of hospitalization, and the symptoms that still accompany them after gaining full recovery from infection with the virus. The sample size was 300 individuals.

Results: The current study concluded that many of the symptoms are still associated with people who recovered after infection with Covid-19. The following symptoms were most common, fatigue after any slight exertion, headache, Dizziness when standing, coughing, and difficulty breathing with proportions of 70.0%, 69.0%, 64.0%, 60.7%, and 55.7%, respectively. there were highly significant differences in the age of the sample, with the highest age group (10-40) accounting for 85%, while the lowest age group (>60) also there was statistically significant differences between age and rate of symptoms appearing, as the symptoms are more common in male from the female. no significant differences between the samples on the rural versus urban housing variable and oxygen demand during the hospital stay.

Conclusion: After full recovery, COVID-19 continues to produce major complications, with males being more affected than females.

Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies & Prion Proteins: A Systematic Review

Anirban Poddar — 2023-12-28

Prion proteins (PrPc) have been implicated as the causative agent of “Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies” (TSE). Apart from this devilish role, prions also have a bright facet of their own and their identity holds much more than just being a pathogenic entity. Role of prions as scaffolding proteins for ligand binding and signal transduction has been reported by several researchers. Role of prions in nerve impulse transmission at neuronal junctions, glyapse and gap junctions have been reported. Prion mediated regulation of calcium ion flux and redox status in turn regulates many major cellular functions. In this review we have focussed mainly on the physiological aspects of prion function apart from its pathological role in TSE. Role of prions in mediation of neuropathic pain, neuroinflammatory diseases and chronic headache has been reported by few researchers. In this review we have tried to correlate such effects of prions and also discuss various therapeutic targets for various diseases influenced by prions.

Analysis of Relations Organic Carbon in Sediment with Growth Rate of Seagrass Enhalus acoroides and Thalassia hemprichii

Nasdwiana Nasdwiana — 2023-12-28

This study aims to determine and analyze the relationship of organic carbon in sediments with the growth rate of seagrass Enhalus acoroides and Thalassia hemprichii. This research was conducted on Langkai Island, Makassar City, with three points, namely near the coast, in the middle and near the coral reefs. The research phase began with marking the seagrass E. acoroides and T. hemprichii in the field, then measuring the growth rate of the seagrass, followed by a sieving process to determine the texture of the sediment, and burning to determine the organic carbon content of the sediment. The results showed that differences in sediment organic carbon showed a weak correaltion and insignificant. The differences in the growth rates of seagrass E. acoroides and T. hemprichii based on point were not significant. The relationship between organic carbon and sediment texture has a weak correlation and insignificant. Similarly, the effect of organic carbon on the growth rate of seagrass E. acoroides and T. hemprichii also showed a weak correlation and insignificant.

Bioactive Compounds in Nest-Associated Bacteria Termites and Their Bioactivity as Antivibrio in Aquaculture Industry

Ifhan Dwinhoven — 2023-12-27

Abstract

Vibriosis is a major problem in aquaculture that causes large numbers and rapid mortality of fish. Vibriosis treatment is still limited to the same antibiotics in humans and animals. This study aims to obtain bacterial isolates from termite nests that are antivibrio and determine the profile of the antivibrio bioactive compounds. Bacterial isolates were obtained from three types of termite nests. All isolates were cultured on ISP media and then characterized and conducted bioassay tests against Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio harveyi. Secondary metabolite fermentation products from selected bacterial isolates were extracted using ethyl acetate and detection of bioactive compounds by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method. The isolation results obtained 15 isolates, 10 Gram-positive bacteria namely isolates SR1, SR2, SR8, SR9, RE2, RE3, RE5, SE1, SE4, SE6 while the other 5 isolates are Gram-negative bacteria. Antivibrio screening obtained 7 isolates that have antivibrio activity. The strongest antivibrio activity is SE1, which was able to inhibit the growth of V. alginolyticus bacteria with an inhibition zone of 3.5 cm and V. harveyi with an inhibition zone value of 4 cm and was also positive for catalase. TLC showed that SE1 contained peptide compounds with purple color changes after dyeing using ninhydrin.