Identification of Anthrax in Endemic Areas in South Sulawesi Province
Keywords:
Bacillus anthracis, bacterial culture, pcr, soil sample, virulent strainAbstract
Anthrax is a strategic and important disease because it is a zoonotic disease which caused death and difficult to eradicate because it produces spores. The aim of the study was to identify anthrax in endemic areas in South Sulawesi Province. Soil samples obtained from Gowa and Pinrang regency were examined by bacterial culture test and then positive results from bacterial culture followed by multiplex PCR. Based on the results of the isolation of 52 soil samples show 35 samples from Pinrang regency show all negative anthrax, while from 17 soil samples from Gowa regency show 2 positive samples of anthrax. Positive samples of anthrax were from Timbuseng village, Patallasang district, Gowa regency. The results continued with PCR technique using Bacillus anthracis colonies derived from positive soil samples. It showed the virulent strain of Bacillus anthracis. A virulent strain is indicated by a DNA fragment of a pXO1 plasmid encoding a toxin lethal factor (Lef) of 385 bp and a DNA fragment of a pXO2 plasmid encoding a capsule of anthrax (Cap) of 264 bp and also common bacterial markers of the Bacillus genome chromosome (Ba183) of 152 bp.References
Aikembayev AM, Larissa L, Gulnara T, Tatyana MM, Yerlan P, Sarkis Z, Georgiy D, W,Ryan E, Matthew NVE, Paul K, Stephen CF, Jason KB, Martin HJ, and Ted H. 2010. Historical distribution and molecular diversity of Bacillus anthracis Kazakhstan. Emerging Infectious Disease 16(5) : 789-796.
Adji, RS dan Natalia. 2006. Pengendalian penyakit antraks: diagnosis, vaksinasi dan investigasi. Wartazoa 16(4): 198-205.
Akoso, BT. 2009. Epidemiologi dan pengendalian antraks. Penerbit Kanisius. Yogyakarta
CIVAS. 2014. Antraks. Centre for Indonesian Veterinary Analytical Studies
Dariana, W, Djatmikowati, TF, dan Poermadjaja, B. 2015. Distribusi anthraks di Sulawesi Selatan Periode 2010-2014. Prosiding Penyidikan Penyakit Hewan Vo.1 No.6.
Dirjennakeswan. 2004. Manual penyakit hewan mamalia cetakan ke-2. Subdit Pengamatan Penyakit Hewan, Jakarta.
Departemen Pertanian. 1999. Manual standar metode diagnosa laboratorium kesehatan hewan. Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan, Departemen Pertanian
Hanna, PC and Ireland, JA. 1999. Understanding Bacillus anthracis pathogenesis. Trends Microbil 7(5):180-182.
Hicks, CW, Cui, X., Sweeney, D.A., Li, Y., Barochia, A., and Eichacher, PQ. 2011. The Potential contributions of lethal and edema toxins to the pathogenesis of anthrax associated shock. Toxins (Basel) 3 (9): 185-202.
Hornitzky, MA and JD Muller. 2010. Anthrax. Australia and New Zealand standard diagnostic procedure 1-15.
Kholilullah, ZA, Massi, MN, Muslimin, L, Sjahril, R, Hamid, F, and Wahid, I. 2016. Identification of virulence of Bacillus anthracis from soil by multiplex PCR technique in the South Sulawesi Province of Indonesia. American Journal of Infectious Disease and Microbiology 4(6): 118-122.
Liu, S, Moayeri, M, and Leppla, SH. 2014. Anthrax lethal and edema toxins in anthrax pathogenesis. Trends Microbiol 22(6): 317-325.
OIE. 2000. Antraks. In: Manual of standards diagnostic and vaccines, World Health Organization
Todar, K. 2014. Bacillus anthracis and Anthrax: In Todar’s Online Texkbook of Bacteriology
Wahyuni. Tinjauan hasil vaksinasi antraks pada sapi dan kambing-domba di Indonesia. 2004. Lokakarya Nasional Penyakit Zoonosis.
Wibawa, H, Sudarsono, I, Pramastuti, I, dan Handoko, A. 2014. Deteksi dan identifikasi agen penyakit anthrax dengan teknik multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Buletin laboratorium veteriner Vol.14: No.3.
