Vitamin E (Alpha Tocopherol) Level in the Dorsal Skin of Sunda Porcupine (Hystrix javanica)
Keywords:
antioxidant, dermis, epidermis, quill cluster, quill follicle, sebaceous glandAbstract
Alpha tocopherol, as the most active component of Vitamine E, is identified as antioxidant present in some parts of the skin and the concentration is vary in several regions of the body due to the skin characteristic of the region. Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica) is one of the rodents in Indonesia with quill as its spesific skin characteristic. The porcupine quill are distributed in various shapes and sizes in body parts, while dorsal regions and the tail is the body part that has the most developed quill form. This study aimed to measure alpha tocopherol content in the dorsal region skin of male and female Sunda porcupine. The study used skin samples of thoracodorsal and lumbosacral regions of 6 adult Sunda porcupine (3 males and 3 females) and 2 frozen specimens (1 male and 1 female). Samples were prepared and processed for analysis through high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the level of tocopherol in the dorsal thoracic region of males and females was much higher than that of the lumbosacral region. The results of this study indicate the characteristics of the skin region affect the levels of alpha tocopherol in the region.
References
Azzi, A., Breyer, I., Feher, M., Patori, M., Ricciarelli, Steffan, S., Staffieri, M., Stocker, Zimmer, S., Zingg, JM. 2000. Specific Cellular Responses to a –Tocopherol. J Nutr. 130:1649-1652
Azzi, A., Boscoboinik, D., Marilley, D., Özer, NK., Stauble, B., Tasinato, A. 1995. Vitamin E: a sensor and an information transducer of the cell oxidation state. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 62 : 1337S–1346S.
Cachia, O., El Benna, J., Pedruzzi, E., Descomps, B., Gougerot-Pocidalo, MA., Leger, CL. 1998. a -Tocopherol inhibits the respiratory burst in human monocytes—attenuation of p47phox membrane translocation and phosphorylation. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 32801–32805.
Chatelain, E., Boscoboinik, DO., Bartoli, GM., Kagan, VE., Gey, FK., Packer, L., Azzi, A. 1993. Inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation and protein kinase C activity by tocopherols and tocotrienols. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1176: 83–89.
Cunliffe, WJ., Forster, RA. 1987. Androgen control of the pilosebaceous duct. Br J Dermatol 116:449
Devaraj, S., Li, D., Jialal, I. 1996. The effects of alpha tocopherol supplementation on monocyte function. Decreased lipid oxidation, interleukin 1 beta secretion, and monocyte adhesion to endothelium. J. Clin. Investig. 98: 756–763.
DeVries, JW., Silvera, KR. 2002. Determination of Vitamins A (Retinol) and E (alpha-Tocopherol) in Foods by Liquid Chromatography: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int. 85(2): 424-434.
Epstein, J. H. 1977. The pathological effects of light on the skin. Di dalam: Free Radicals in Biology (Prior, W [Ed]), pp. 219-249. Academic Press, New York.
Freedberg IM, Eisen AZ, Wolff K, Austen KF, Goldsmith LA, Katz S [ed]. 2003. Fitzpatrick's Dermatology In General Medicine 6th Edition. McGraw-Hill Professional
Freedman, JE., Farhat, JH., Loscalzo, J., Keaney Jr, JF. 1996. α-Tocopherol inhibits aggregation of human platelets by a protein kinase C-dependent mechanism. Circulation 94: 2434–2440.
Fritsch, M., Ofranos, CE., Zouboulis, CC. 2001. Sebocytes are the key regulators of androgen homeostasis in human skin. J. Invest. Dermatol. 116:793-800
Fuchs, J., Huflejt, ME., Rofthuss, LM., Wilson, DS., Carcamo, G., Packer, L. 1989. Acute effects of near ultraviolet and visible light on the cutaneous antioxidant defense system. Photochem, Photobiol. 50: 739-744.
Islam, KN., Devaraj, S., Jialal, I. 1998. α-Tocopherol enrichment of monocytes decreases agonist-induced adhesion to human endothelial cells. Circulation 98: 2255–2261.
Kagan, V., Witt, E., Goldman, R., Scita, G., Packer, L. 1992. Ultraviolet light induced generation of vitamin E radicals and their recycling. A possible photosensitizing effect of vitamin E in skin. Free. Radical. Res. Commun. 16: 51-64
Kanno, T., Utsumi, T., Kobuchi, H., Takehara, Y., Akiyama, J., Yoshioka, T., Horton, AA., Utsumi, K. 1995. Inhibition of stimulus-specific neutrophil superoxide generation by alpha-tocopherol. Free Radic. Res. 22: 431–440.
Kitazawa, M., Podda, M., Thiele, JJ., Traber, MG., Iwasaki, K., Sakamoto, K., Packer, L. 1997. Interaction between vitamin E homologues and ascorbate free radical in murine skin homogenates irradiate with ultraviolet light. Photochem. Photobiol. 355-365
Martin, A., Foxall, T., Blumberg, JB., Meydani, M. 1997. Vitamin E inhibits low-density lipoprotein-induced adhesion of monocytes to human aortic endothelial cells in vitro. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 17: 429–436.
Mohr E. 1965. Altweltliche Stachelschweine. A. Ziemsen Verlag (Eds.), Wittenburg Lutherstadt, Germany. pp. 164.
Myers P. 2001. “Hystricidae” (on-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed September 12, 2015 at http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/hystricidae.
Prawira, AY., Supratikno, Novelina, S., Agungpriyono, S. 2018. Hypothesis: Relationship of Skin Morphology and Cutaneous Scarless Wound Healing in Sunda Porcupine (Hystrix javanica). Advances in Health Sciences Research (AHSR), volume 5. 1st International Conference in One Health (ICOH 2017). ISBN 978-94-6252-481-1. Atlantis Press. pp 184-188
Ricciarelli, R., Maroni, P., Ozer, N., Zingg, J., Azzi, A. 1999. Age dependent increase of collagenase expression can be reduced by alpha-tocopherol via protein kinase C inhibition. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 27: 729–737.
Roze, U., Locke, DC., Vatakis, N., 1990. Antibiotic properties of porcupine quills. J. Chem. Eco. 16: 725-734
Shindo Y, Witt, E., Han, D., Epstein, W., Pacjker, L. 1994, Enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidant in epidermis and dermis of human skin. J. Invest Dermatol. 102: 122-124
Shindo, Y., Witt, E., Packer, L. 1993. Antioxidant defense mechanism in murid epidermis and dermis and their responses to ultraviolet light. J. Invest Dermatol. 100: 260-265
Strauss, JS., Kligman, AM., Pochi, PE. 1962. Effect of Androgens and estrogens on hiuman sebaceous gland. J. Invest Dermatol. 39:139-155
Thiele, JJ., Traber, MG., Packer, L. 1998. Depletion of human stratum corneum vitamin E: an early and sensitive marker of UV induced photo-oxidation. J. Invest Dermatol. 110: 756-761
Thiele, JJ., Weber, SU., Packer, L. 1999. Sebaceous gland secretion is a mojot physiologic route of vitamin E delivery ot the skin. J. Invest. Dermatol. 113: 1006-1010
Traber, MG., Sies, H. 1996. Vitamin E in humans: demans and delivery. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 16:321-347
Van Weers, DJ. 1983. Specific distinction in Old World porcupines. Der Zoologische Garten, Jena. 53:226–232
Weber, SU., Thiele, JJ., Cross, CE., Packer, L. 1999. Vitamin C, uric acid, glutathione gradient in murine stratum corneum and theis susceotibility to ozone exposure. J. Invest Dermatol. 113: 1128-1132
Williams, JC., Forster, LA., Tull, SP., Wong, M., Bevan, RJ., Ferns, GA. 1997. Dietary vitamin E supplementation inhibits thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, but not monocyte adhesiveness, in patients with hypercholesterolaemia. Int. J. Exp. Pathol. 78: 259–266
Wu, D., Koga, T., Martin, KR., Meydani, M. 1999. Effect of vitamin E on human aortic endothelial cell production of chemokines and adhesion to monocytes. Atherosclerosis. 147: 297–307.
Yamauchi, J., Iwamoto, T., Kida, S., Masushige, S., Yamada, K., Esashi, T. 2001. Tocopherol-Associated Protein Is a Ligand-Dependent Transcriptional Activator. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 285:295-299
Yoshikawa, T., Yoshida, N., Manabe, H., Terasawa, Y., Takemura, T. & Kondo, M. (1998) a -Tocopherol protects against expression of adhesion molecules on neutrophils and endothelial cells. Biofactors 7: 15–19.
Zherebtsova, OV. 2000. Spiny cover and defence strategy of mammals. Trans Zoo. Inst, Russian Ac Sci. 286:169-174.
