Historical and Cultural Factors in Indonesian Civil-Military Relations
Keywords:
Teori Konkordansi, Hubungan Sipil-Militer, Faktor Sejarah Dan Budaya, Supremasi SipilAbstract
Abstrak : Perdebatan teoretis dalam bidang hubungan sipil-militer telah didominasi oleh teori pemisahan yang mengakui perbedaan antara lembaga sipil dan militer, dan interaksi antara mereka harus dipertahankan sebagai dalam bentuk yang sipil memegang kontrol atas militer. Namun, Rebecca Schiff mengusulkan teori konkordansi sebagai alternatif yang menunjukkan suatu bentuk integrasi antara militer dan masyarakat. Teori konkordansi digunakan sebagai model analisis untuk mengatasi faktor-faktor sejarah dan budaya dalam hubungan sipil-militer Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan empat aspek konkordansi sebagai instrumen untuk mengukur apa tingkat kesepakatan dapat dicapai antara militer, elit politik, dan masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun faktor sejarah dan budaya telah memainkan peran penting dalam membentuk hubungan sipil-militer di Indonesia, mereka gagal untuk membangun hubungan sipil-militer baik yang didasarkan pada gagasan supremasi sipil. Kata kunci: teori konkordansi, hubungan sipil-militer, faktor sejarah dan budaya, supremasi sipil.
Kata kunci : Teori konkordansi, hubungan sipil-militer, faktor sejarah dan budaya, supremasi sipil.
Abstract : The theoretical debate in area of civil-military relations has been dominated by separation theories which recognize the distinction between civilian and military institutions, and the interaction between them should be maintained as in a form that civilian holds control over the military. However, Rebecca Schiff proposes the concordance theory as an alternative that suggests a form of integration between the military and society. This theory of concordance is used as a model of analysis for addressing historical and cultural factors in Indonesian civil-military relations. The study uses the four aspects of concordance as instruments to measure on what level of agreement can be achieved among the military, political elites, and society. The result shows that although historical and cultural factors have played important roles in shaping civil-military relations in Indonesia, they fail to build good civil-military relations which is based on the idea of civilian supremacy.
Key words : The concordance theory, civil-military relations, historical and cultural factors, civilian supremacy.
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