SUMBER DAYA LOKAL SEBAGAI DASAR PERENCANAAN PROGRAM GIZI DAERAH URBAN
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Keywords:
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Modal sosial, sistem sosial, daerah urban, program gizi
Abstract
Prevalensi gizi lebih dan buruk di Indonesia dan Kota Semarang, meningkat dari tahun 2007 sampai 2013. Program yang ada belum mengoptimalkan potensi yang dipunyai daerah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menggambarkan sumber daya lokal yang dapat digunakan sebagai dasar perencanaan program gizi untuk daerah urban. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan fokus penelitian adalah potensi lokal yang terdiri dari unsur modal sosial, sistem sosial, sistem budaya. Penelitian dilakukan di Kota Semarang. Penentuan informan menggunakan teknik purposive dan snow ball. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah panduan observasi,wawancara, Focus Group Discussion dan Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Analysis. Hasil yang didapat, sumber daya lokal yang dipunyai dalam rangka perencanaan program gizi adalah: 1) adanya citizenship yaitu keaktivan dankreativitas kader, social organization terutama dari posyandu didukung dengan rumah gizi, dan sosial support dari keluarga. 2) Potensi lain berkaitan dengan efek dari daerah urban yaitu: (1) Ketersediaan bahan pangan yang mudah didapat, (2) Informasi kaitannya dengan kesehatan dan gizi lebih mudah didapat, dan (3) Tersedianya sarana transportasi dan infra struktur yang memadai. Sumber daya lokal di daerah urban dapat dimanfaatkan untuk perencanaan program gizi sehingga memberi peluang keberhasilan perbaikan status gizi di masyarakat menjadi lebih tinggi.
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24. Chittur SS, Giacomo Zanello, Bhavani Shankar.Rural-Urban Disparities in Child Nutrition in Bangladesh and Nepal. BMC Public Health.2013; 13:581-593.
25. Lopez Russell P, Hynes H Patricia.Obesity,Physical Activity, and The Urban Environment:Public Health Research Needs. Environmental Health:A Global Access Science Source.2006; 5:25.
26. Lareen Newman, Isobel Ludford, Carmel Williams, Michele Herriot. Applying Health in All Policies to Obesity in South Australia. Health Promotion Internasional. 2014; 31(1):44-58.
2. McMurray RG et al. The Influence of Physical Activity, Socioeconomic Status, and Ethnicity on The Weight Status of Adolescents. Obesity Research 2000; 8:130–139.
3. Wang Y.Cross-national Comparison of Childhood Obesity:The Epidemic and The Relationship between Obesity and Socioeconomic Status. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2001; 30:1129–1136.
4. Handayani,Oktia.W. Nilai Anak dan Jajanan Dalam Konteks Sosiokultural (Studi Tentang Status Gizi Balita Pada Lingkungan Rentan Gizi di Desa Pecuk Kecamatan Mijen Kabupaten Demak Jawa Tengah). Disertasi. 2011.
5. Zuhud Ervizal A.M. Potensi Hutan Tropika Indonesia Sebagai Penyangga Bahan Obat Alam Uuntk Kesehatan Bangsa. JurnalTumbuhan Obat Indonesia. 2010; 2 (5) : 1-22
6. Oktia Woro KH, Tandiyo R, Irwan B, Pomsuk H, Songpol T, Anong H. Social Capital and Nutritional Status of Child Under 5 Years in Rural Indonesia and Thailand. Jurnal Kemas. 2014; 10(1): 88-95.
7. Horowitz, C. R., Davis, M. H. et al. Approaches to Eliminating Sociocultural Disparities in Health. Health Care Financing Review. 2000;21(4): 57-72.
8. Garces, I. C., Scarinci Isabel C, Harrison Lynda. An Axamination of Sociocultural Factors Associated With Health and Health Care Seeking Among Latina Immigrants.Journal Immigrant Health. 2006; Vol 8, 377-385.
9. Mitra, M., Sahu, P.K. et al. Nutritional and Health Status of Gond and Kawar Tribal Preschool Children of Chhattisgarh,India. Journal Humaniora and Ecology. 2007;21 (4):293-299.
10. Prihanto Teguh. Perubahan Spasial dan Sosial Budaya Sebagai Dampak Mega Urban di Daerah Pinggiran Kota Semarang. Jurnal Teknik Sipil & Perencanaan.2010;1(2):131140.
11. Basrowi & Suwandi. Memahami Penelitian Kualitatif. Jakarta: PT Rineke Cipta. 2008.
12. Fatima ON. Comparative Study of Nutritional Status of Urban and Rural School Girl’s Children Khartoum State, Sudan. Journal of Science and Technology.2011;12 (02): 60-68.
13. Maria FL, Valter PM, Sebastio SA, Telma MB, Maria BC, Maria EC.Geographic Location, Sex and Nutritional Status Play an Important Role in Body Image Concerns Among Brazilian Adolescents.J Health Psychol. 2012; 4(17):1-7.
14. Md. Serajul Islam, Jakia Sultana Jothi, Monirul Islam, Obidul Huq. Nutritional Status of Rural and Urban Under-Five Children in Tangail District, Bangladesh. International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studie. 2014;8(2):841-848.
15. De Silva, M.J., Harpham T.Maternal Social Capital and Child Nutritional Status in Four Developing Countries. Helath Place. 2007; 13(2): 341-355.
16. Plan. Community Approaches to Child Health in Cameroon: Applying the Community-Based Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (c-IMCI) Frameworks. Rhode Island, USA.2009.
17. Eileen SA,Richard AW, Janet RW. Self Regulation, Self Efficacy, Outcome Expectations,and Social Support: Social Cognitive Theory and Nutrition Behavior. Ann Behav Med.2007; 34(3): 304-312.
18. Mat Walton, Louise Signal, George Thomson. Household Economic Resources As A Determinant of Childhood. Social Policy Journal of New Zealand. 2009; 36: 194-207.
19. Hong Liu, John A Rizzo, Hai Fang. Urban-Ruraldisparities in Child Nutrition- Related Health Outcomes in China: The Role of Hukou Policy. BMC Public Health.2015;15:1159.
20. Donna B Johnson, et al. Developing an Agenda for Research About Policies to Improve Access to Healthy Foods in Rural Communities: Aconcept Mapping Study. BMC Public Health. 2014; 14: 592-604.
21. Ziraba Abdhalah K, Fotso Jean C, Ochako Rhonne. Overweight And Obesity In Urban Africa: A Problem Of The Rich Or The Poor. BMC Public Health. 2009; (9): 465.
22. Richard Mussa. A Matching decomposition of The Rural-Urban Difference in Malnutrition in Malawi. Health Economics. 2014; 4 (11): 1-25.
23. Mariele Contreras, Elmer Zelaya Blandon,11 Lars Ake Persson, Andres Hijem, Eva Charlotte Ekstrom. Socioeconomic Resources, Young Child Feeding Practisces, Consumption of Highly Processed Snacks and Sugar Sweetened Beverages: A Population Based Survey in Rural Norhwestern Nicaragua. BMC Public Health.2015; 15:25.
24. Chittur SS, Giacomo Zanello, Bhavani Shankar.Rural-Urban Disparities in Child Nutrition in Bangladesh and Nepal. BMC Public Health.2013; 13:581-593.
25. Lopez Russell P, Hynes H Patricia.Obesity,Physical Activity, and The Urban Environment:Public Health Research Needs. Environmental Health:A Global Access Science Source.2006; 5:25.
26. Lareen Newman, Isobel Ludford, Carmel Williams, Michele Herriot. Applying Health in All Policies to Obesity in South Australia. Health Promotion Internasional. 2014; 31(1):44-58.
Authors
Kasmini H, O. W., Raharjo, B. B., Nugroho, E., & Hermawati, B. (2017). SUMBER DAYA LOKAL SEBAGAI DASAR PERENCANAAN PROGRAM GIZI DAERAH URBAN. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 13(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v13i1.1575
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