Analisis Status Hidrasi dan Asupan Zat Gizi Serta Air pada Ibu Hamil
Abstract
Pregnancy is a specific physiological period, which is the nutritional requirements increase more than thoseof normal condition. About 50-70% of pregnant women experience nausea and vomiting, it was affects to the lack ofnutrient intake for mothers and infants. The sustainability of mother’s condition can cause an imbalance of body fluidwhich has impact on the mother’s hydration status. The aims of this study were to analyze the relationship between characteristics,socio-economic, nutritional status, nutritional intake and water with hydration status. This study was a crosssectional study, conducted on the area of primary of public health at Kebon Jeruk Regency, West Jakarta. The subjectwere pregnant women who in the second trimester, examined pregnancy in the study area amounted to 107 subjects.Independent t-test and chi-square test were used to analyzed the data. Subjects were divided into two groups based onhydration status from urin osmolality concentration; normal and hypohydrated. The average of urine osmolality in thehypohydration group and normal, were 838.78±172.35 mOsm/Kg and 268.05±116.64 mOsm/Kg, respectively. Subject’scharacteristics (age, gestational age, body weight, height, nutritional status before pregnancy, upper arm circumference,waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure) did not differ between two groups (p≥0.05). There were no relationshipbetween edu- cation of mothers and fathers, employment status of mothers and fathers, household expenditure,and mother’s know-ledge (p≥0.05). There were differences of energy, carbohydrate and zinc intake between two groups(p<0.05), but didn’t found differences intake of (protein, fat, calcium, iron, folic acid) and water between two groups(p≥0.05). However, the mother should more attention to fulfil their nutrients and water intakes to support the foetusgrowth.
References
1. Pouchieu C, Le´vy R, Faure C, Andreeva VA, Galan P, et al. Socioeconomic, Lifestyle and Dietary Factors Associated with Dietary Supplement Use during Pregnancy. PLoS ONE.2013;8(8):e70733.DOI:10.1371/journal. pone.0070733.
2. Karaca C, Guler N, Yazar A, Camlica H, Demir K, Yildirim G. Is Lower Socio Economic Status a Risk Factor for Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Pregnant Women with Hyperemesis Gravidarum?. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2004; 15(2): 86-89.
3. Niebyl JR. Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:1544-50.
4. Jarvis S, Nelson-Piercy C. Management of Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy. BMJ. 2011;42:d3606. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.d3606.
5. Maltepe C dan Gideon K. The Management of Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy and Hyperemesis Gravidarum. J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol. 2013; 20(2):e184-e192.
6. Viljoen E, Janicke V, Nelene K, Alfred M. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effect and Safety of Ginger in the Treatment of Pregnancy-Associated Nausea and Vomiting. Nutrition Journal. 2014;19(13): 20.
7. Vandraas KF, Å.V. Vikanes, N.C. Støer, S. Vangen, P. Magnus, A.M. Grjibovski. Is Hyperemesis Gravidarum Associated with Placental Weight and the Placental Weight to Birth Weight Ratio? A Population-Based Norwegian Cohort Study. Placenta. 2013;34(11):990-4. DOI : 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.08.001.
8. Lacasse A, rey E, Ferreira E, Morin C, Berard A. Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy: What About Quality of Life?. BJOG. 2008;115:1484-1493. DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.01891.x.
9. Carmichael, A. Initial Treatment of Dehydration for Severe Acute Malnutrition. e-Library of Evidence for Nutrition Actions (eLENA). (WHO 2011). [diakses 22 September 2015]. Available at:http://www.who.int/elena/titles/bbc/dehydration_sam/en/.
10. Mulyani EY, Hardinsyah, Briawan D, Santoso BI. Hydration Status of Pregnant Women in West Jakarta. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr.2017;26(Suppl 1):S26-S30. DOI: 10.6133/pjcn.062017.s14.
11. Louik C, Hernandez-Diaz S, Werler MM, Mitchell AA. Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy: Maternal Characteristics and Risk Factors. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2006;20(4):270-278.
12. Chortatos A, Haugen M, Iversen PO, Vikanes A, Magnus P, Veierod MB. Nause and Vomiting in Pregnancy: Associations with Maternal Gestational Diet and Lifestyle Factors in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. BJOG. 2013; 120:1642-1653.
13. Malisova O, Athanasios P, Anastasia N, Vassiliki B, Aristides A, Antonis Z, Maria K. Estimations of Water Balance after Validating and Administering the Water Balance Questionnaire in Pregnant Women. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2014; 65(3): 280–285.
14. Armstrong LE, Johnson EC, Munoz CX, Swokla B, Le Bellego L, Jimenez L, Casa DJ, Maresh CM. Hydration Biomarkers and Dietary Fluid Consumption of Women. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112(7):1056-61.
15. McKenzie AL et.al. Urine Color as an Indicator of Urine Concentration in Pregnant and Lactating Women. Eur J Nutr. 2017;Feb;56(1):355-362.DOI:10.1007/s00394-015-1085-9.
16. Shirreffs SM. Markers of Hydration Status. Eur J Nutr. 2003;57 (Suppl 2):S6–S9.
17. Campos R, Montenegro-Bethancourt G, Vossenaar M, Doak CM, Solomons NW. Volume, Frequency, and Participant in Plain Drinking Water Consumption by Third and Fourth-Grades Schoolchildren in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2009;18:164-70.
18. Kavouras SA, Johnson EC, Bougatsas D, Arnaoutis G, Panagiotakos DB, Perrier E, Klein A. Validation of Urine Scale for Assessment of Urine Osmolality in Healthy Children. Eur J Nutr. 2016;55:907-915. DOI: 10.1007/ s00394-015-0905-02.
19. Youhanna S, Bankir L, Jungers P, Porteous D, Polasek O, Bochua M, Hayward C, Devuyst O. Validation of Surrogates of Urine Osmolality in Population Studies. Am J Nephrol 2017;46:26-36.
20. World Health Organization. Reproductive Health Indicators. Geneva : World Health Organization; 2006.
21. Nurhayati E. Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) Pra Hamil dan Kenaikan Berat Badan Ibu Selama Hamil Berhubungan dengan Berat Badan Bayi Lahir. Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan Indonesia. 2015;4(1-5).
22. Hack M, Daniel JF, Mark S, Lydia C, Elaine B, Nancy K. Outcomes in Young Adulthood for Very Low Birth Weight Infants. N Engl J Med. 2002; 346:149-157. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa010856.
23. Bhutta ZA, Jai KD, Arjumand R, Michelle FG, Neff W, Susan H, Patrick W, Anna L, Robert EB. Evidence Based Interventions for Improvement of Maternal and Child Nutrition: What Can be Done and at What Cost?. The Lancet. 2013;382(9890):452-477. DOI :10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60996-4.
24. Bener A, Mohammad SE, Hale ZB, Qutayba H. The Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis and Wheezing in Children: An Emerging Public Health Problem. J Family Community Med. 2014; 21(3): 154–161. DOI: 10.4103/2230-8229.142967.
25. Shah MK, Rebekah EG, Katherine PT. Partner Support and Impact on Birth Outcomes among Teen Pregnancies in the United States. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2014; 27(1):14-19. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2013.08.002.
26. Hui Li Poh, Serena Siew LK, Hui Cheng LS, Hong-Gu He. First-Time Fathers’ Experiences and Needs During Pregnancy and Childbirth: A Descriptive Qualitative Study. Midwifery.2014; 30:6:779-787.
27. Backstrom, C, Hertfelt Wahn, E. Support During Labour: First-Time Fathers’ Descriptions of Requested and Received Support During the Birth of Their Child. Midwifery. 2011;27:67-73.
28. Kramer MS, L. Seguin, J Lydon, L. Goulet. Socio‐Economic Disparities in Pregnancy Outcome: Why do the Poor Fare so Poorly?. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. 2001;14:issue 3. p:194-210. DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-3016.2000.00266.x.
29. Blumfield ML dan Clare EC. High-Protein Diets During Pregnancy: Healthful or Harmful for off Spring?. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;100:993-5.
30. Englund-Ogge L, Anne LB, Verena S, Margareta H, Bryndis EB, Ronny M, Helle MM, Bo J. Maternal Dietary Patterns and Preterm Delivery: Results from Large Prospective Cohort Study. BMJ. 2014;348:g1446.
31. Kemenkes RI. Angka Kecukupan Gizi yang Dianjurkan Bagi Bangsa Indonesia. Jakarta : Direktorat Jenderal Bina Gizi dan Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak, Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2014.
32. Wiltbank MC et al. Effects of Energy and Protein Nutrition in the Dam on Embryonic Development. Anim. Reprod. 2014;11(3):168-182.
33. Emmett PM, Jones LR, Golding J. Pregnancy Diet and Associated Outcomes in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Nutrition Reviews. 2015;73(S3):154-174. DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv053.
34. The Institute International Medicine (IOM). Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. 2004. Available from : https://www.nap.edu/read/10925/chapter/1#iv.
35. Fitri YP, Dodik B, Ikeu T, Siti M. Tingkat Kecukupan dan Bioavailabilitas Asupan Zat Besi pada Ibu Hamil di Kota Tangerang. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia. 2016;12(3): 185-19
2. Karaca C, Guler N, Yazar A, Camlica H, Demir K, Yildirim G. Is Lower Socio Economic Status a Risk Factor for Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Pregnant Women with Hyperemesis Gravidarum?. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2004; 15(2): 86-89.
3. Niebyl JR. Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:1544-50.
4. Jarvis S, Nelson-Piercy C. Management of Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy. BMJ. 2011;42:d3606. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.d3606.
5. Maltepe C dan Gideon K. The Management of Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy and Hyperemesis Gravidarum. J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol. 2013; 20(2):e184-e192.
6. Viljoen E, Janicke V, Nelene K, Alfred M. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effect and Safety of Ginger in the Treatment of Pregnancy-Associated Nausea and Vomiting. Nutrition Journal. 2014;19(13): 20.
7. Vandraas KF, Å.V. Vikanes, N.C. Støer, S. Vangen, P. Magnus, A.M. Grjibovski. Is Hyperemesis Gravidarum Associated with Placental Weight and the Placental Weight to Birth Weight Ratio? A Population-Based Norwegian Cohort Study. Placenta. 2013;34(11):990-4. DOI : 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.08.001.
8. Lacasse A, rey E, Ferreira E, Morin C, Berard A. Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy: What About Quality of Life?. BJOG. 2008;115:1484-1493. DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.01891.x.
9. Carmichael, A. Initial Treatment of Dehydration for Severe Acute Malnutrition. e-Library of Evidence for Nutrition Actions (eLENA). (WHO 2011). [diakses 22 September 2015]. Available at:http://www.who.int/elena/titles/bbc/dehydration_sam/en/.
10. Mulyani EY, Hardinsyah, Briawan D, Santoso BI. Hydration Status of Pregnant Women in West Jakarta. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr.2017;26(Suppl 1):S26-S30. DOI: 10.6133/pjcn.062017.s14.
11. Louik C, Hernandez-Diaz S, Werler MM, Mitchell AA. Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy: Maternal Characteristics and Risk Factors. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2006;20(4):270-278.
12. Chortatos A, Haugen M, Iversen PO, Vikanes A, Magnus P, Veierod MB. Nause and Vomiting in Pregnancy: Associations with Maternal Gestational Diet and Lifestyle Factors in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. BJOG. 2013; 120:1642-1653.
13. Malisova O, Athanasios P, Anastasia N, Vassiliki B, Aristides A, Antonis Z, Maria K. Estimations of Water Balance after Validating and Administering the Water Balance Questionnaire in Pregnant Women. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2014; 65(3): 280–285.
14. Armstrong LE, Johnson EC, Munoz CX, Swokla B, Le Bellego L, Jimenez L, Casa DJ, Maresh CM. Hydration Biomarkers and Dietary Fluid Consumption of Women. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112(7):1056-61.
15. McKenzie AL et.al. Urine Color as an Indicator of Urine Concentration in Pregnant and Lactating Women. Eur J Nutr. 2017;Feb;56(1):355-362.DOI:10.1007/s00394-015-1085-9.
16. Shirreffs SM. Markers of Hydration Status. Eur J Nutr. 2003;57 (Suppl 2):S6–S9.
17. Campos R, Montenegro-Bethancourt G, Vossenaar M, Doak CM, Solomons NW. Volume, Frequency, and Participant in Plain Drinking Water Consumption by Third and Fourth-Grades Schoolchildren in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2009;18:164-70.
18. Kavouras SA, Johnson EC, Bougatsas D, Arnaoutis G, Panagiotakos DB, Perrier E, Klein A. Validation of Urine Scale for Assessment of Urine Osmolality in Healthy Children. Eur J Nutr. 2016;55:907-915. DOI: 10.1007/ s00394-015-0905-02.
19. Youhanna S, Bankir L, Jungers P, Porteous D, Polasek O, Bochua M, Hayward C, Devuyst O. Validation of Surrogates of Urine Osmolality in Population Studies. Am J Nephrol 2017;46:26-36.
20. World Health Organization. Reproductive Health Indicators. Geneva : World Health Organization; 2006.
21. Nurhayati E. Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) Pra Hamil dan Kenaikan Berat Badan Ibu Selama Hamil Berhubungan dengan Berat Badan Bayi Lahir. Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan Indonesia. 2015;4(1-5).
22. Hack M, Daniel JF, Mark S, Lydia C, Elaine B, Nancy K. Outcomes in Young Adulthood for Very Low Birth Weight Infants. N Engl J Med. 2002; 346:149-157. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa010856.
23. Bhutta ZA, Jai KD, Arjumand R, Michelle FG, Neff W, Susan H, Patrick W, Anna L, Robert EB. Evidence Based Interventions for Improvement of Maternal and Child Nutrition: What Can be Done and at What Cost?. The Lancet. 2013;382(9890):452-477. DOI :10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60996-4.
24. Bener A, Mohammad SE, Hale ZB, Qutayba H. The Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis and Wheezing in Children: An Emerging Public Health Problem. J Family Community Med. 2014; 21(3): 154–161. DOI: 10.4103/2230-8229.142967.
25. Shah MK, Rebekah EG, Katherine PT. Partner Support and Impact on Birth Outcomes among Teen Pregnancies in the United States. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2014; 27(1):14-19. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2013.08.002.
26. Hui Li Poh, Serena Siew LK, Hui Cheng LS, Hong-Gu He. First-Time Fathers’ Experiences and Needs During Pregnancy and Childbirth: A Descriptive Qualitative Study. Midwifery.2014; 30:6:779-787.
27. Backstrom, C, Hertfelt Wahn, E. Support During Labour: First-Time Fathers’ Descriptions of Requested and Received Support During the Birth of Their Child. Midwifery. 2011;27:67-73.
28. Kramer MS, L. Seguin, J Lydon, L. Goulet. Socio‐Economic Disparities in Pregnancy Outcome: Why do the Poor Fare so Poorly?. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. 2001;14:issue 3. p:194-210. DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-3016.2000.00266.x.
29. Blumfield ML dan Clare EC. High-Protein Diets During Pregnancy: Healthful or Harmful for off Spring?. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;100:993-5.
30. Englund-Ogge L, Anne LB, Verena S, Margareta H, Bryndis EB, Ronny M, Helle MM, Bo J. Maternal Dietary Patterns and Preterm Delivery: Results from Large Prospective Cohort Study. BMJ. 2014;348:g1446.
31. Kemenkes RI. Angka Kecukupan Gizi yang Dianjurkan Bagi Bangsa Indonesia. Jakarta : Direktorat Jenderal Bina Gizi dan Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak, Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2014.
32. Wiltbank MC et al. Effects of Energy and Protein Nutrition in the Dam on Embryonic Development. Anim. Reprod. 2014;11(3):168-182.
33. Emmett PM, Jones LR, Golding J. Pregnancy Diet and Associated Outcomes in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Nutrition Reviews. 2015;73(S3):154-174. DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv053.
34. The Institute International Medicine (IOM). Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. 2004. Available from : https://www.nap.edu/read/10925/chapter/1#iv.
35. Fitri YP, Dodik B, Ikeu T, Siti M. Tingkat Kecukupan dan Bioavailabilitas Asupan Zat Besi pada Ibu Hamil di Kota Tangerang. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia. 2016;12(3): 185-19
Authors
Mulyani, E. Y., Hardinsyah, H., Briawan, D., & Santoso, B. I. (2018). Analisis Status Hidrasi dan Asupan Zat Gizi Serta Air pada Ibu Hamil. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 14(3), 225-232. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v14i3.4343
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.