Densitas Gizi dan Morbiditas serta Hubungannya dengan Status Gizi Anak Usia Prasekolah Pedesaan

Sarah Melati Davidson, Cesilia Meti Dwiriani, Ali Khomsan

Abstract

School age children are susceptible to experiencing nutritional problems, one of which is due to environmentalfactors, especially the physical environment which provides broad, affordable food, higher energy densityand lack of consumption of fruits and vegetables. The efforts to improve the habit of eating fruits and vegetables inschool children is the existence of school based intervention. This study aim to analyze the effect of school basedintervention program to increase of fruit and vegetable consumption of elementary school students. The studytook place from February to May 2017 in Nganjuk, East Java. This study used experimental design with pre-postintervention with the number of subjects is 50 students (10-13 years) given three types of interventions is schoolgardening, cooking class, and giving of fruit and vegetables in school. The results showed that the presence ofthese three interventions can increased fruit consumption 130 g/day and vegetable 100 g/day and the availabilityof fruit and vegetables at home increased 81 g/week and 182 g/week. The results from recall SQ-FFQ 2x24 hoursshowed the average consumption of energy density decreased from 1420 kcal to 1241 kcal. Based on these results,school based intervention can be used as a strategy to increase fruit and vegetable consumption and availabilityfruit and vegetable at home

References

1. Bisai S, Mallick C. Prevalence of Undernutrition Among Kora-Mudi Children Aged 2-13 Years in Paschim Medinipur District, West Bengal, India. World J Pediatr. 2011 Feb;7(1):31-36.

2. Vinod N, Swarnakanta L, Smita P, Pushpa D. Nutritional Status and Dietary Pattern of Underfive Children in Urban Slum Area. Nat J Comm Med. 2(1):143-48.

3. Tapiwa CR, Blessing K, More M, et al. Analysis of Trends in Nutritional Status and Morbidity of Under-Fives Among Internally Displaced Persons at Chingwizi, Mwenezi District, Zimbabwe 2014-2015. International J Innovative Research & Development. 2017 May; 6(5):117-25.

4. Kemenkes RI. Laporan Nasional Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2013. Jakarta : Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2013.

5. Rachmi CN, Agho KE, Li M, Baur LA. Stunting, Underweight and Overweight in Children Aged 2.0–4.9 Years in Indonesia Prevalence Trends and Associated Risk Factors. PLos ONE 2016 May; 11(5):1-7.

6. Wirjatmadi, RB. Beberapa Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan status Gizi Balita Stunting. Indonesian J Public Health. 2012;8(3):99–104.

7. Nuryanto. Hubungan Status Gizi terhadap Terjadinya Penyakit Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) pada Balita. Jurnal Pembangunan Manusia. 2012; 6(2):96-107.

8. El-Taguri A, Betilmal I, Mahmud SM, Ahmed AM, Goulet O, Galan P, Hercberg S. Risk Faktors for Stunting Among Under-Fives in Libya. Public Health Nutrition. 2007; 12(8):1141-1149.

9. Teshome B, Kogi-Makau W, Getahun Z, Taye G. Magnitude and Determinants of Stunting in Children Underfive Years of Age in Food Surplus Region of Ethiopia: The Case of West Gojam Zone. Ethiopian Journal Health Development. 2009; 23(2):98-106.

10. Wuryandari RD. Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pengeluaran Makanan, Pendidikan, dan Kesehatan Rumah Tangga Indonesia. Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia. 2015 Juni;10(1):27-42.

11. Drewnowski A et al. 2010. The Nutrient Rich Foods Index Helps to Identify Healthy, Adorable Foods. Am J Clin Nutr 2010 Apr; 91(4) :1095-1101.

12. Jayanti LD. Studi Aspek Sosial Ekonomi dan Budaya, Konsumsi Pangan, serta Densitas Gizi pada Masyarakat Kasepuhan Ciptagelar Jawa Barat. [Disertasi]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor. 2014.

13. Drewnowski A, Keast DR, Fulgoni VL. Developmental and Validation of The Nutrient Rich Foods Index: A Tool To Measure Nutritional Quality Foods. J Nutr. 2009 Aug;139(8):1549-54.

14. Drewnowski A, Fulgoni VL. Nutrient Density: Principle and Evaluation Tools. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 May 99(suppl): 1223-8.

15. Rolls BJ. The Relationship Between Dietary Energy Density and Energy Intake. Physiology & Behavior. 2009;97:609-15.

16. Drewnowski A. Concept of A Nutritious Food: Toward A Nutrient Density Score. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Oktober; 82(4):721-32.

17. Ledikwe JH, Ello-Martin, Julia A, Rolls BJ. Portion Sizes and the Obesity Epidemic. J. Nutr. 2006;135(4):905-909.

18. Patterson E, Wärnberg J, Poortvliet E, Kearney JM, Sjöström M. Dietary Energy Density As A Marker of Dietary Quality in Swedish Children and Adolescents : The European Youth Heart Study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010 Apr;64(4):356-63.

19. Vossenaar M, Solomons NW. The Concept of “Critical Nutrient Density” in Complementary Feeding: The Demands on The “Family Foods” For The Nutrient Adequacy of Young Guatemalan Children with Continued Breastfeeding.Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;(95):859–66.

20. Ekaningrum AY, Sukandar D, Martianto D. Keterkaitan Densitas Gizi, Harga Pangan, dan Status Gizi pada Anak Sekolah Dasar Negeri Pekayon 16 Pagi. J. Gizi Pangan. Juli 2017;12(2):139-46.

21. Shriver LH, Marriage BJ, Bloch TD, et al. Contribution of Snacks to Dietary Intakes of Young Children in The United States. Matern Child Nutr. 2017;14(1):1-9.

22. Black RE et al. Maternal and Child Undernutrition:Global and Regional Exposures and Consequences. Lancet. 2008;371(9608):243-60.

23. Ramli A, Inder KE, Bowe KJ, Jacobs J, Dibley MJ. Prevalence and Risk Faktors for Stunting and Severe Stunting Among Under-fives in North Maluku Province of Indonesia. BMC Pediatr. 2009 Oct;6(9):64.

24. Prasetyo TJ, Hardinsyah, Sinaga T. Konsumsi Pangan dan Gizi serta Skor Pola Pangan Harapan (PPH) pada Anak Usia 2-6 Tahun di Indonesia. Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan. 2013;8(3):159-166.

25. Rolls BJ, Ledikwe JH, Blanck MH, Khan LK, Serdula MK, Seymour JD, Tohill BC. Dietary Energy Density is Associated with Energy Intake and Weight Status in US adults. Am J Clin Nutr.2006;83:1362-1368.

26. Rahim FK. Faktor Risiko Underweight Balita Umur 5-79 bulan. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2014 Januari;9(2):115-21.

27. Hayati AW, Hardinsyah, Jalal F. Faktor-Faktor Risiko Stunting, Pola Konsumsi Pangan, Asupan Energi dan Zat Gizi Anak 0-23 Bulan. [Disertasi]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor. 2013.

28. Ngure FM, Reid BM, Humphrey JH, Mbuya MN, Pelto G, Stoltzfus RJ. 2014. Water, Sa- nitation, and Hygiene (WASH), Environmental
Enteropathy, Nutrition, and Early Child Development: Making The Links. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2014;1308(1):118-128.

29. Haque MA, Haque MN, Sultana MM, Hossen SM, Paul S. Effect of Water Quality, Environmental Sanitation and Hygiene Practices on Health of School Going Children of Urban Slum Areas. J Env Sci Natural Res. 2015;8(1):115-119.

30. Elvandari M, Briawan D, Tanziha I. Hubungan Asupan Zat Gizi dan Serum Retinol dengan Morbiditas pada Anak 1-3 Tahun di JawaTengah. Jurnal Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (MKMI). Desember 2016;12(4):201-207.

Authors

Sarah Melati Davidson
smd.sarahmelati@gmail.com (Primary Contact)
Cesilia Meti Dwiriani
Ali Khomsan
Davidson, S. M., Dwiriani, C. M., & Khomsan, A. (2018). Densitas Gizi dan Morbiditas serta Hubungannya dengan Status Gizi Anak Usia Prasekolah Pedesaan. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 14(3), 251-259. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v14i3.4551

Article Details