PEMBERIAN AIR KELAPA MUDA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN ASUPAN KALIUM PADA PEREMPUAN PRAHIPERTENSI
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Asupan kalium rendah dihubungkan dengan hipertensi dan penyakit kardiovaskuler. Sebagian besar populasi di dunia mengonsumsi kalium lebih rendah dari rekomendasi yang dianjurkan. Air kelapa muda merupakan minuman khas yang tinggi kalium. Tujuan penelitian
Abstract
Asupan kalium rendah dihubungkan dengan hipertensi dan penyakit kardiovaskuler. Sebagian besar populasi di dunia mengonsumsi kalium lebih rendah dari rekomendasi yang dianjurkan. Air kelapa muda merupakan minuman khas yang tinggi kalium. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis asupan kalium pada perempuan prahipertensi dan menentukan peningkatan asupan kalium dengan pemberian air kelapa muda 300 ml dua kali sehari selama 14 hari berturut-turut. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan uji klinis paralel single blind. Kelompok perlakuan (P) mendapat air kelapa muda disertai penyuluhan gizi dan kelompok kontrol (K) mendapat air putih disertai penyuluhan gizi. Penilaian asupan kalium dengan food record 2x24 jam. Kandungan kalium dalam air kelapa muda segar dianalisis dengan metode Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Analisis lengkap dilakukan pada 31 orang subyek (15 subyek kelompok P dan 16 subyek kelompok K). Pada awal penelitian, rerata asupan kalium subyek tergolong rendah (1420,28±405,54 mg/hari) atau sekitar 30,22±8,63% dari AKG. Selama perlakuan, didapatkan peningkatan asupan kalium sebesar 2 kali lipat dan meningkat signifikan pada kelompok P, tetapi masih lebih rendah dari rekomendasi AKG. Kesimpulannya, asupan kalium dikategorikan rendah, dan air kelapa muda dapat digunakan sebagai minuman alternatif untuk meningkatkan asupan kalium.
References
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17. Braschi, A & Naismith, D.J. The Effect of a Dietary Supplement of Potassium Chloride or Potassium Citrate on Blood Pressure in Predominantly Normotensive Volunteers. British J Nutr. 2008; 99: 1284-1292.
18. Smith, S.R, Klotman, P.E & Svetkey, L.P. Potassium Chloride Lowers Blood Pressure and Causes Natriuresis in Older Patients with Hypertension. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 1992;2; 1302-1309.
19. Sacks, F.M, Willett, W.C, Smith, A, et al. Effect on Blood Pressure of Potassium, Calcium and Magnesium in Women with Low Habitual Intake. Hypertension. 1998;31:131-138.
20. He, F.J, Markandu, N.D, Coltart, R, et al. Effect of Short Term Supplementation of Potassium Chloride and Potassium Citrate on Blood Pressure in Hypertensives. Hypertension. 2005;45:571-574.
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22. Kawano, Y, Tsuchihashi, T, Matsuura, H, et al. Report of the Working Group for Dietary Salt Reduction of the Japanese Society of Hypertension: Assessment of Salt Intake in the Management of Hypertension. Hypertens Res.2007;30:887–893.
2. Gupta, P, Nagaraju, S.P, Gupta, A & Mandya Chikkalingaiah, K.B. Prehypertension-Time to Act. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2012; 23:223-233.
3. Adrogue, H.J,& Madias, N.E. Sodium and Potassium in Pathogenesis of Hypertension’. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:1966-1978.
4. Drewnowski, A, Maillot, M& Rehm, C. Reducing the Sodium-Potassium Ratio in the US Diet: a Challenge for Public Health. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012; 96:439–444.
5. Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas). Jakarta: BPS,2004.
6. Chobanian, A.V, Bakris, G.L, Black, H.R, Cushman, et al. Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection,
Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension. 2003;42:1206-1252.
7. Lin, P.H, Allen, J.D, Li Y.L, Yu, M, Lien, L.F & Svetkey, L.P. Blood Pressure-Lowering Mechanisms of the DASH Dietary Pattern. J Nutr Metab. 2012:1-10.
8. DebMandal, M, Mandal, S. Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.: Arecaceae): In Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine. 2011: 241-7.
9. Rethinam, P. Coconut Water-Nature’s Health Drink. Asian and Pasific Coconut Community, 2006.
10. Beaty, RD & Kerber, JD. Concepts, Instrumentation and Techniques in Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, Second Edition. The Perkin-Elmer Corporation, USA,1993.
11. Butte, N.F & Caballero, B. Energy Needs: Assessment And Requirements. In: Shils M.E, Shike M, Ross A.C, Caballero B, Cousin R.J, Editors. Modern Nutrition In Health And Disease. 10th Edition. Philadelphia: Lippicott Williams&& Wilkins. 2006:136-148.
12. Proboprastowo, S.M & Dwiriani, C.M. Angka Kecukupan Air dan Elektrolit dalam: Widyakarya Nasional Pangan dan Gizi VIII. Ketahanan Pangan dan Gizi di Era Otonomi Daerah dan Globalisasi, Jakarta, 2004:418-28.
13. Alleyne T, Roache S, Thomas C, & Shirly A. The Control of Hypertension by Use of Coconut Water and Mauby: Two Tropical Food Drinks.West Indian Med J. 2005;54(1): 3-9.
14. Muharram, Z & Hardinsyah. The Analysis of Fruits and Vegetables Consuming in Indonesia Female. JPG. 2013; 8 (1): 36.
15. Hsieh, Y.C, Hung, C.T, Lien, L.M, Bai, C.H,et al. Significant Decrease in Blood Pressure through a Family-Based Nutrition Health Education Programme among Community Residents in Taiwan. Public Health Nutr. 2009;12(4):570-577.
16. Pracaya & Kahono, P.C. Kiat Sukses Budidaya Kelapa. PT Maraga Borneo Tarigas. 2011:31-35.
17. Braschi, A & Naismith, D.J. The Effect of a Dietary Supplement of Potassium Chloride or Potassium Citrate on Blood Pressure in Predominantly Normotensive Volunteers. British J Nutr. 2008; 99: 1284-1292.
18. Smith, S.R, Klotman, P.E & Svetkey, L.P. Potassium Chloride Lowers Blood Pressure and Causes Natriuresis in Older Patients with Hypertension. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 1992;2; 1302-1309.
19. Sacks, F.M, Willett, W.C, Smith, A, et al. Effect on Blood Pressure of Potassium, Calcium and Magnesium in Women with Low Habitual Intake. Hypertension. 1998;31:131-138.
20. He, F.J, Markandu, N.D, Coltart, R, et al. Effect of Short Term Supplementation of Potassium Chloride and Potassium Citrate on Blood Pressure in Hypertensives. Hypertension. 2005;45:571-574.
21. Gibson, R.S. Principles of Nutritional Assessment. 2nd edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005 pp.273-279.
22. Kawano, Y, Tsuchihashi, T, Matsuura, H, et al. Report of the Working Group for Dietary Salt Reduction of the Japanese Society of Hypertension: Assessment of Salt Intake in the Management of Hypertension. Hypertens Res.2007;30:887–893.
Authors
Farapti, F., Sayogo, S., & Siregar, P. (2016). PEMBERIAN AIR KELAPA MUDA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN ASUPAN KALIUM PADA PEREMPUAN PRAHIPERTENSI. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 10(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v10i1.469
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