Efektivitas Suplementasi Vitamin A terhadap Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut pada Balita
Abstract
Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) is still a cause of high morbidity and mortality in children under five in worldwide and contributes to one third of under-five deaths in developing countries. Vitamin A deficiency is one of the factors causing ARIs. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of vitamin A supplementation in reducing the incidence of ARIs. Unmatched case control study observational research design with quantitative approach, the research subjects were mothers of children under five aged 12-59 months in Ogan Komering Ulu District (OKU), South Sumatra Province. Case and control group sampling with a ratio of 1:3 so that the sample size is 228 people. Data analysis included univariate to calculate the frequency distribution of research subject characteristics, bivariate with chi-square test and multivariate using logistic regression test. The results of studies of children under five who do not get vitamin A twice a year have a 2.1 times greater risk of ARIs than childrens who get vitamin A twice a year. This study concludes that childrens who do not get vitamin A twice a year have a greater risk of experiencing ARIs than childrens who get vitamin A twice a year and based on the magnitude of the risk that can be prevented, supplementation of vitamin A is still effective in reducing the incidence of ARIs in childrens in OKU District
References
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29. Bob Marshall, Nick Bennett, Ashley Smith, Robert Oh, Jeffrey B. Can Vitamin D Prevent Acute Respiratory Infections?. The Journal of Family Practice. 2019;68(4):230-231.
30. Pham H., Rahman A., Majidi A., Mary W, Rachel, E. N. Acute Respiratory Tract Infections and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration: Systematic Review and Meta Analysis. International Journal Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019;16(17):1-15.
31. Aglipay, M., Birken, C. S., Parkin, P. C., Loeb, M. B., Thorpe, K., Chen, Y., Laupacis, A., Mamdani, M., Macarthur, C., Hoch, J. S., Mazzulli, T., & Maguire, J. L. Effect of High-Dose vs Standard-DoseWinter time Vitamin D Supplementation on Viral Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Young Healthy Children. JAMA-Journal of the American Medical Association. 2017;318(3):245-254.
32. Gal, D., Susanna, E., Davaa, S. G. A., Adit, A. G., Emma, C. G., et al. Vitamin D Supplementation to Prevent Acute Respiratory Tract Infections: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data. BMJ Open. 2017;1-14.
33. Biezen, R., Brijnath, B., Grando, D., & Mazza, D. Management of Respiratory Tract Infections in Young Children a Qualitative Study of Primary Care Providers’ Perspectives. NPJ Primary Care Respiratory Medicine. 2017;27(15):1-13.
34. Alluqmani, M. F., Aloufi, A. A., & Al Abdulwahab, A. M. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Mother Son Acute Respiratory, Infection in Children under Five Years in Saudi Arabia 2017. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine. 2017;69(2):1959-1963
2. Yousef, F. M. A., & Hamed, A. F. Prevalence of Acute Respiratory Infection and Related Risk Factors in School Age Children in Egypt: a Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Current Research in Medical Sciences. 2016;2(7):50-58.
3. Simoes, E. A. F., Cherian, T., Chow, J., Shahid, S. S., Laxminarayan, R., & John, T. J.Acute Respiratory Infection in Children in Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries. [Chapter 25]. Second Edition eds Deant T. Jamison: World Bank; 2006: 483-497.
4. Khalek, E., & Abdel-Salam, D. Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Under 5 Years of Age in Upper Egypt. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health. 2016;3(5):1161-1166.
5. Kristensen, I.A. & Olsen, J. Determinant of Acute Respiratory Infection in Soweto-a Population-Based Birth Cohort. SAMJ. 2004;96:633-640.
6. Tazinya, A. A., Halle-Ekane, G. E., Mbuagbaw, L. T., Abanda, M., Atashili, J., & Obama, M.
T. Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Infections in Children Under Five Years Attending the Bamenda Regional Hospital in Cameroon. BMC Pulmonary Medicine. 2018;18:7.
7. West, K. P. Vitamin A Deficiency Disorders in Children and Women. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. 2003;24(4):78-90.
8. Thaha, I. L. M., Razak, R., & Ansariadi, A. Determinan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif oleh Ibu Multipara di Kabupaten Jeneponto. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia. 2015;11(4):247-252.
9. Wirth, J. P., Petry, N., Tanumihardjo, S. A., Rogers, L. M., McLean, E., Greig, A., Garrett, G. S., Klemm, R. D. W., & Rohner, F. Vitamin A Supplementation Programs and Country-Level Evidence of Vitamin A Deficiency. Nutrients. 2017;9(3):190.
10. Imdad, A., Yakoob, M. Y., Sudfeld, C., Haider, B. A., Black, R. E., & Bhutta, Z. A. Impact of Vitamin A Supplementation on Infant and Childhood Mortalitas. BMC Public Health. 2011;11(3):1-15.
11. Imdad, A., Ahmed, Z., & Bhutta, Z. A. Vitamin A Supplementation for the Prevention of Morbidity and Mortality in Infants One Six Months of Age (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016;(9):1-51.
12. Rosa, E. F., Pome, G., & Harsanto, D. Early Weaning Risk Factors for Accute Respiratory Infections. International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS). 2017;6(2):116-123.
13. Paul, S. P., Wilkinson, R., & Routley, C. Manajemen of Respiratory Tract Infections in Children. Nursing: Research and Reviews. 2014;4:135-148.
14. Tekle, A. G., Worku, A., & Birhane, Y. Factors Associated with Acute Respiratory Infection in Children Under the Age of 5 Years: Evidence from the 2011 Ethiopia Demographicc and Helath Survey. Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics. 2015;6:9-13.
15. WHO. Guideline: Vitamin A Supplementation in Infants and Children 6–59 Months of Age. World Health Organization; 2011.
16. UNICEF. Vitamin A Supplementation Programs and Country-Level Evidence of Vitamin A Deficiency. United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund; 2017.
17. Kemenkes RI. Pedoman Tata Laksana Penderita Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut pada Anak. Jakarta: Ditjen PPM PL Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2016.
18. Kemenkes RI.Pedoman Pemberian Kapsul Vitamin A Dosis Tinggi. Jakarta: Ditjen Bina Gizi Masyarakat Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2016.
19. Dinas Kesehatan OKU. Profil Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten OKU. Baturaja: Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Ogen Komering Ulu; 2018.
20. Lemeshow, S., Hosmer, D.W. & Klark, J., Penerjemah Pramono D. Besar Sampel dalam Penelitian Kesehatan. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press; 1997.
21. Bahreynian, M., Qorbani, M., Naderimagham, S., Nejatinamini, S., Ataie-Jafari, A., Sharifi, F., Saqib, F., Khajavi, A., Mansourian, M., Ahmadishokouh, A. A., Asayesh, H., Safari, O., & Kelishadi, R. Burden of Disease Attributable Vitamin A Deficiency in Iranian Population Aged less than Five Years Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study. Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders. 2017:1186-1200.
22. Gebremedhin, S. Vitamin A Supplementation and Childhood Morbidity from Diarrhea, Fever, Respiratory Problems and Anemia in Sub Saharan Africa. Nutrition and Dietary Supplements. 2017;9: 47-54.
23. Villamor, E., & Fawzi, W. W. Effect of Vitamin A Supplementation on Imune Responses and Correlation with Clinical Outcomes. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 2005;18(3): 446-464.
24. Salam, A., Briawan, D., Martianto, D., Thaha, A. R., & Arundhana, A. I. Efek Suplementasi Vitamin A, Minyak Fortifikasi dan Edukasi Gizi Ibu Nifas terhadap Mortalitas Ibu dan Bayi. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia. 2018;14(3):209-216.
25. Elvandari, M., Briawan, D., & Tanziha, I. Suplementasi vitamin A dan Asupan Zat Gizi dengan Serum Retinol dan Mordibitas Anak 1-3 Tahun. Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia. 2017;13(4):179-180.
26. Renati, S., & Linder, J. A. Necessity of Office Visits for Acute Respiratory Infections in Primary Care. Family Practice. 2016;33:312-317.
27. Martineau, A. R., Jolliffe, D. A., Hooper, R. L., et al. Vitamin D Supplementation to Prevent Acute Respiratory Tract Infections: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data. [Online Journal]. BMJ. 2017;356:1-14.
28. Bergman, P., Norlin, A. C., Hansen, S., et al. Vitamin D Supplementation in Patients with Frequent Respiratory Tract Infections: a Randomised and Double-Blind Intervention study. BMJ Open. 2012;2(6):1-10.
29. Bob Marshall, Nick Bennett, Ashley Smith, Robert Oh, Jeffrey B. Can Vitamin D Prevent Acute Respiratory Infections?. The Journal of Family Practice. 2019;68(4):230-231.
30. Pham H., Rahman A., Majidi A., Mary W, Rachel, E. N. Acute Respiratory Tract Infections and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration: Systematic Review and Meta Analysis. International Journal Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019;16(17):1-15.
31. Aglipay, M., Birken, C. S., Parkin, P. C., Loeb, M. B., Thorpe, K., Chen, Y., Laupacis, A., Mamdani, M., Macarthur, C., Hoch, J. S., Mazzulli, T., & Maguire, J. L. Effect of High-Dose vs Standard-DoseWinter time Vitamin D Supplementation on Viral Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Young Healthy Children. JAMA-Journal of the American Medical Association. 2017;318(3):245-254.
32. Gal, D., Susanna, E., Davaa, S. G. A., Adit, A. G., Emma, C. G., et al. Vitamin D Supplementation to Prevent Acute Respiratory Tract Infections: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data. BMJ Open. 2017;1-14.
33. Biezen, R., Brijnath, B., Grando, D., & Mazza, D. Management of Respiratory Tract Infections in Young Children a Qualitative Study of Primary Care Providers’ Perspectives. NPJ Primary Care Respiratory Medicine. 2017;27(15):1-13.
34. Alluqmani, M. F., Aloufi, A. A., & Al Abdulwahab, A. M. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Mother Son Acute Respiratory, Infection in Children under Five Years in Saudi Arabia 2017. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine. 2017;69(2):1959-1963
Authors
Rosa, E. F. (2020). Efektivitas Suplementasi Vitamin A terhadap Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut pada Balita. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 16(1), 26-37. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v16i1.8882
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