CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS IN MALAYSIA: ENGAGING THE PUBLIC
Keywords:
Climate Change, Scenarios, Malaysia, Mitigate, Public Participating and InvolvingAbstract
Introduction: Climate change are any change of climate that is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and that is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable periods. Climate change has become a global environmental issue which dominates the international agenda and one of the most challenging issues for mankind.Research methodology: This paper involved with secondary data which are collected from journal, proceedings, books and internet sources regarding the topic. Result and discussion: Malaysia could be considered as a free zone from climate related disaster. However, mild climate related disasters are quite frequent to happen lately. The potential impacts of climate change in the Malaysian context would include sea level rise, reduced crop yields, greater diseases among forest species and biodiversity loss, erosion of shorelines, increased flood intensities, coral reef bleaching, increased incidences of disease, tidal inundation of coastal areas, decreased water availability, loss of biodiversity, and more droughts. To tackle the scenarios, Malaysia adopts ‘precautionary principles’ to mitigate and adapt to climate change. However, the important and immediate action needed in mitigating the climate change effects is the actively participating and involving the public in this issue.Conclusion: Malaysia has made significant progress in setting up legal framework for the implementation of climate change mitigation and voluntary environmental disclosure. Improving education, training and public awareness on climate change is an important measure for persuading the whole of society to jointly participate in activities for the mitigation of an adaptation to climate change.References
A. Cazenave& R. S. Nerem. 2004.Present-day sea level Change: Observations and causes. Reviews of Geophysic.42(3), September 2004.RG3001, doi: 8755-1209/04/2003RG000139
Adelakun A, Schwartz E. &Blais L. 1999. Occupational Heat Exposure. Appl. Occup. Environ Hyg., 14(3):153–154.
Al-Amin, AQ, Leal Filho, W.2014. A return to prioritizing needs: adaptation or mitigation alternatives? ProgDevel Stud. 14:359–371.
Ami Hassan Md Din, KamaludinMohd Omar, Marc Naeije&SahrumSes.2 March 2012. Long-term sea level change in the Malaysian seas from multi-mission altimetry data.International Journal of Physical Sciences, 7(10): 1694 – 1712.
Ariffin T., Ariff T.M & Abdullah M.Y. 2002.Stabilization of upland agriculture under El Nino induceclimatic risk: Impact, assessment and mitigation measures in Malaysia. Working Paper No.61, Bogor, Indonesia: CGPRI Centre.
Brechin SR. 2010.Public opinion: a cross-national view. In: Lever-Tracy C, (ed.).The Routledge Handbook of climate change and society. London: Routledge.
Cruz, R, h. Harasawa, M.lal, S.Wu, Y. Anokhin, B. Punsalmaa, Y. Honda, M. Jafari, C. Li and N. HuuNinh. 2007. Asia. Climate change 2007: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson (eds.). United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 469-506.
Dasgupta, S., Laplante, B., Meisner, C., Wheeler, D. &Jianping, Y. 2007.The impacts of sea level rise on developing countries: A comparative analysis. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4136: 51 pp.
Florencia B. Pulhin&Rodel D. Lasco. 2010. Climate change and biodiversity in the Philippines: Potential Impacts and Adaptation Strategies.In Percy E.Sajise, MarlizaV.Ticsay and Gil C. Saguiguit, Jr. (Eds.), Moving Forward: Southeast Asian Perspective on Climate Change and Biodiversity. SEARCA Philippines and ISEAS Singapore.141-164.
Folland, C.K., T.R. Karl, J.R. Christy, R.A. Clarke, G.V. Gruza, J. Jouzel, M.E. Mann, J. Oerlemans, M.J. Salinger, and S.-W. Wang. 2001. Observed climate variability and change. In: Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Houghton, J.T., Ding, Y., Griggs, D.J., Noguer, M., van der Linden, P.J., Dai, X., Maskell, K. and Johnson, C.A. Eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 99-181.
Haliza Abdul Rahman. 2009. Global climate change and its effects on human habitat and environment in Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Environmental Management.UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia Publisher.Vol.10(2): 19-42.
Hanna E &Spickett J. 2011. Climate change and health: Building Australia’s adaptation capacity. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 23(2): 7S-13S
http://www.adb.org/water/champions/zakaria.asp. (October 2007). Adapting to climate change.Retrieved 4 March 2017.Retrieved on 5 October 2017.
Huq, N., Renaud, F., &Sebesvari, Z. (n.d.). Ecosystem based adaptation ( EbA ) to climate Change - integrating actions to sustainable adaptation.
IPCC. 2007. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Parry, M.L., Canziani, O.F., Palutikof, J.P., van der Linden, P.J. & Hanson, C.E. (eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
IPCC. 2013. Fifth Assessment Report - Climate Change 2013. www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
IUCN.2003. Indus Delta, Pakistan: Economic Costs of Reduction in Freshwater Flows. Case Studies in Wetland Valuation No.5, Pakistan Country Office, Karachi, 6 pp.
McMichael, A.J. 2003.“Climate change and human health.”World Health Organization.1- 306. Retrieved from www.who/climatechange.com.Retrieved on March 15th, 2011.
Malaysian Meteorological Department.(2009). www.met.gov.my/documents/10661/194684/climate-scenarios.pdf/.Climate change scenarios for Malaysia (2001 – 2099).
McNutt M. 2015.The beyond-two-degree inferno.Science. 349:7–7
M.J. Manton, P.M. Della-Marta, M.R. Haylock, K.J. Hennessy, N. Nicholls, L.E. Chambers, D.A. Collins, G. Daw, A. Finet, D. Gunawan, K. Inape, H. Isobe, T.S. Kestin, P. Lefale, C.H. Leyu, T. Lwin, L. Maitrepierre, N. Ouprasitwong, C.M. Page, J. Pahalad, N. Plummer, M.J. Salinger, R. Suppiah, V.L. Tran, B. Trewin, I. Tibig, D. Yee. 2001. Trends in extreme daily rainfall and temperature in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific: 1961–1998. Int. J. Climatol., 21(3): 269–284.
Mustafa Kamal Baharuddin, Climate change – its effects on the agricultural sector inaMalaysia.www.met.gov.my/.../metmalaysia/.../socioeconomicimpactsofextremeweatherandclimate. National Seminar on Socio-Economic Impacts of Extreme Weather and Climate Change, 21 -22 June 2007, Putrajaya.
NASA.2016. https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2465/2016-climate-trends-continue-to-break-records.2016 climate trends continue to break records - NASA Climate Change. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
Naeije, M., Scharroo, R., Doornbos, E. &Schrama, E. 2008. Global altimetry sea-level service: glass, NUSP-2 Report GO 52320 DEO, NIVR/DEOS, Netherlands. Nerem, R.S.
NAHRIM. 2010.The Study of the impact of climate change on sea level rise in Malaysia (Final Report), National Hydraulic Research Institute Malaysia: 172pp.
Nerem, RS &Mitchum, T. 2001.Sea level change. In: L.L. Fu, A. Cazenave (eds.) Satellite altimetry and earth sciences: A handbook of techniques and applications, Academic Press, San Diego, California.329-349.
Nerem, R.S. &Mitchum, G.T. 2002. Estimates of vertical crustal motion derived from differences of Topex/Toseidon and sea level measurement. Geophys. Res. Lett. 29: 1934.
Nguyen HuuNinh, Le ThiThuyet and Chao Thi Phuong Ly. 2010. The role of biodiversity in climate change mitigation in Vietnam: The Red River Estuary-Ba Latcase study. In Percy E.Sajise, MarlizaV.Ticsay and Gil C. Saguiguit, Jr (Eds.), Moving Forward: Southeast Asian Perspective on Climate Change and Biodiversity. SEARCA Philippines and ISEAS Singapore. 181-208.
Nor AslindaAwang&MohdRadziAbd.Hamid. 2013. Sea level rise in Malaysia. Hydrolink number 2/2013: 47-49.
Pidgeon NF and Fischhoff B. 2011.The role of social and decision sciences in communicating uncertain climate risks.Nat Climate Change. 1:35–41.
Rasiah, R., Ahmed, A., Al-Amin, A.Q and Shanta Chenayah. 2017. Climate change mitigation: comparative assessment of Malaysian and ASEAN scenarios. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, January 2017, 24(3): 2632–2642.
Rayanakorn. K. 2011. Introduction.In Rayanakorn. K (ed.) Climate Change Challenges in the Mekong Region.Chiang Mai: Chiang Mai University Press: 1-7.
Rejoice Mandobi. 2014.The role of public awareness in climate change mitigation and adaptation in Zimbabwe. International Journal of Science and Research. 3(11): 1270-1275.
Schuur E et al. 2013 Expert assessment of vulnerability of permafrost carbon to climate change.Climate Change. 119:359–374.
Shanks, N. J., & Papworth, G. 2001.Environmental Factors and Heatstroke.Occupational Medicine, 51(1): 45-49.5
Singh S. Amartalingam R., Wan Harun W.S & Islam T. 1996. Simulated impact of climate change on rice production in Peninsular Malaysia. Proceedings at National Conference on Climate Change, University of Putra Malaysia, 41-49.
The STAR. 19 September 2016. Malaysia to ratify climate change accord soon.
UN News Centre. 2014. UN expert urges states to treat participation as ‘fundamental human right.’ Available at http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=45021&Cr=human+rights&Cr1=#.U4yuHy_BLxl.Sheffield PE, Durante KTE, Rahona C. Zarcadoolas/Health and Human Rights. 16(1):113–121.
WMO. 2012. WMO Statement on the Status of the Global Climate in 2012. www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/wcdmp/documents/WMO_1108.pdf. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
Yoshio, Masanobu&Minoru Ishii.2001. Relationship between Cold Hardiness and Northward Invasion in the Great Mormon Butterfly, Papilio Memnon, L. (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in Japan. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 36: 329-335.
Zabawi M.A.G. 2012.Impact of Climate Change on Rice and Adaptation Strategies. Report submitted to the Economic and Planning Unit (EPU), Prime Minister Department, Putrajaya, Malaysia.