PENGARUH SKARIFIKASI BIJI DENGAN PERLAKUAN AIR PANAS, MEKANIK DAN ASAM TERHADAP KEMUNCULAN BIBIT DAN PERTUMBUHAN AWAL LAMTORO (Leucaena leucocephala)
Abstract
Pengaruh skarifikasi dengan air panas, mekanik dan asam terhadap kemunculan bibit dan pertumbuhan awal lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) diteliti. Hasil berbagai metoda skarifikasi biji menunjukkan bahwa semua metoda skarifikasi yang digunakan memperbaiki kemunculan dan pertumbuhan awal Lamtoro. Perendaman biji di dalam asam sulfat selama 20 dan 24 menit menghasilkan persentase kemunculan bibit, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, biomassa bahan kering tertinggi dan indeks kemunculan bibit terendah, disusul dengan skarifikasi mekanik dengan pemotongan biji pada bagian mikropil dan perlakuan air panas temperatur 80o C selama dua menit. Kemunculan bibit dan pertumbuhan awal Lamtoro terendah diperoleh pada kontrol. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa skarifikasi biji dibutuhkan untuk memperbaiki kemunculan dan pertumbuhan awal bibit Lamtoro dengan skarifikasi asam merupakan metode terbaik, walaupun dari sudut pandang petani, karena kesulitan penanganan dan biaya yan tinggi mungkin bukan merupakan metode terbaik.
References
Alderate-Chaves, A.,.Guevara-Santos E and Guevara, E. 2011. Effects of scarification chemical treatment on the germination of Crotolaria retusa L. seeds. J. Biol. Sci. 10 : 541 – 544.
Aduradola, A.M., Adeola, B.F., and Aderire, M.O., 2005. Enhancing germination in seeds of African star apple, Chrysophyllum albidum (G. Don). J. Food Agric. Env. 3 (2) : 292 – 294.
Agbogidi, O.M., Bosah, B.O., and Eshegbeyi, O.F., 2007. Effect of acid pre-treatment on the germination and seedling growth of African pear (Dacryodes edulis Don. G. Lam. H.J.). Int. J.Agric. Res. 2 : 952 – 958.
Akinola, J.O., Iji, P., Bonidefaiye, S.O., and Olorunju, S., 1999. Studies on seed germination and seedling emergence in Leucaena leucoephala (Lam.) de Wit cv. Peru. Seed Sci. Technol. 27 (1) : 123 – 129.
Anonymous, 1977. Leucaena, Promising Forage and Tree Crops for the Tropics. National Academy of Sciences. Washington.
Anonymous, 2017. How does the age of seed affect its ability to germinate ?. http://homeguides.sfgate.com/age-seed-affect-its-ability-germinate-69423.html. Retrieved on April21, 2017
Bhatt, I.D., and Dhar, U., 2000. Improvement in seed germination of Myrica esculenta Buch.-
Ham. Ex. D. Don. Native Plants, 11 : 5 – 10.
Can, E., Celiktas, N., Hatipoglu, R. and Avci, S., 2009. Breaking seed dormancy of some annual Medicago and Trifolium species of different treatments. Turk. J. Crops, 14 : 72 – 78.
Martin, I., and De la Cuadra, 2004. Evaluation of different certification methods to remove hardseedness in Trifolium subterraneum and Medicago polymorpha accessions of the Spanish base genebank. Seed Sci. Technol., 32 : 671 – 681.
Dittus, D.A. and Muir, J.P. 2010. Breaking germination dormancy of Texas native perennial herbaceous legumes.
Dachung, G., and Verinumbe, I., 2006. Effect of water and acid pre-treatment on the germination of Prosopis africana seeds. Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Forestry Association of Nigeria. November 20 – 25, Makurdi, pp. 11 – 18.
Duguma, B., Kaiw, B.T., and Okali, D.D.U., 1988. Factors affecting germination of Leucaena leucocephala. Seed Sci. Technol. 16 : 489 – 500.
Filho, S., Franca, E.A., and Innecco, R., 2002. Germinacao de sementes de Operculina macrocarpa (L.). Revista Brasileira de Sementes, 24 (2) : 102 – 107.
Gutteridge, R.C. and Shelton, H.M., 1998. Forage Tree Legumes in Tropical Agriculture. Tropical Grassland Society of Australia, Inc.
Jackson, M.B., 1994. Root to shoot communication in flooded plants: involvement of abscisic acid,ethylene and 1-aminopyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid. Agron. J. 86 (5) : 775 – 781.
Jones, R.J., Megarrity, R.G., 1983. Comparative toxicity responses of goats fed on Leucaena leucocephala in Australia and Hawaii. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 34 : 781 – 790.
Mabberley, D.J. 1997. The plant book: A portable dictionary of the vascular plant. Cambridge University Press.
Maher,T., Nezar, S., and Ahmad, A., 2011. Effect of different pre-sowing seed treatments on the germination of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) and Acacia farnesiana (L.). New Forest, 42 (3) : 397 – 407.
Muhammad, S., and Amusa, N.A. 2003. Effects of sulfuric acid and hot water treatments on seed germination n of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.). Afr. J. Biotechnol. 2 (9) : 276 – 279.
Nuhu, B., Yusuf, Z., Hapsatu, S., and Ishiyaka, I.A., 2013 : Effect of hot water treatment and temperature on seedling emergence and morphological attributes of Acacia senegal L. seeds. J. Agric. Res. Develop. 12 (1) :
Nutman, P.S., 1980. IBP field experiments on nitrogen fixation by nodulated legumes. In: Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Plants, pp. 211 – 237. Nutman, P.S. (ed.), Cambridge Univ., Press. London.
Oyebamiji, N.A., Fadimu, O.Y., and Adediro, M.O., 2014. Best pre-germination techniques on Spondias mombin Linn, seed for plantation establishment. A. Eur. J. Agric. Environ. Sci. 14 (6) : 575 – 579.
Ray, P., Roy R.D., and Rao G.R., 1995. Evaluation of multipurpose tree species in rangeland under semi arid condition of Uttar Pradesh. J. Range Mgmt & Forest., 16 (2) : 103 – 113.
Rusdy, M. 2015. Enhancing seed germination in seeds of Centrosema pubesens. Int. J. Sci. Res. Pub. 5 (10) : 1 – 4.
Rusdy, M. 2016. Improvement of seed germination and early seedling growth of Leucaena leucocephala by cold water, mechanical and acid scarification pretreatment. Int. J. Res. Sci. Pub. 1 (1) : 1 – 6.
Rutar, M., Stjepanovic, Popovic, S., Bukvic., and Pacek, D., 2001. Effect of temperature on germination of hard alfalfa seed. CIHEAM, 2 : 137 – 139.
Scott, S.J., Jones, R.A., and William, W.A., 1984. Review on data analysis methods for seed germination. Crop Sci., 24 : 1192 – 1199.
Sharma, S.,Naithani, R., Varghese, B., Keshavkant, S., and Naithani, S.C., 2008. Effect of hot water treatment on seed germination of some fast growing tropical tree. Trop. Forest. 24 (3 & 4) : 49 – 53.
Shelton, H.M. and Brewbaker, J.L. 1998. Leucaena leucocephala – the Most Widely Used Forage Tree Legume Species. In: Forage Tree Legumes in Tropical Agriculture. Ed. by R.C. Gutteridge and H.M. Shelton, The University of Queensland, Australia.
Shibata, T. and Y. Hatakeyama, 1995. Breaking of dormancy in seeds of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge (Leguminosae). J. Plant Physiol., 146 : 366 – 368.
Stout, D.G., 1990. Effect of freeze thaw cycles on hardseedness of alfalfa J. Seed Technol.,14 : 47 – 55.
Teles, M.M., Alves, A.A., Oleivera, J.C.G de, and Bezerra, A.M.E., 2000. Procedure for dormancy breakage in Leucaena leucocephala. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 29 (2) :387 – 391.
Tomer, R. and Meguire, J.D., 1989. Hard seed studies in alfalfa. Seed Res., 17 : 29 – 31.
Travios, I.S., and Karamanos, A.J. 2007. Influence of heat on seed germination and seedling emergence of Chaste tree (Vitex agnus cactus L.). Journal of Agronomy, 6 : 25 – 28.
Villiers, T.A., 1972. Cytological studies in dormancy. I. Embryo maturation during dormancy in Fraxinus excelsior. In: Seed Biology, T.T. Kozlowski (ed.) 11, A.P.
Zare, S., A Tavili,.and M.J Darini,. 2011. Effects of different treatments on seed germination and breaking seed dormancy of Prosopis koelziana and Prosopis juliflora. J. Forest. Res. 22 (1) : 35 – 38.
Zubairu, S.U., 2014. The influence of pre-treatments on seed germination and seedling vogor in Acacia senegal in the nurse. J. Biol. Agric. Healthcare, 4 (12) : 57 – 62.
