Jurnal Ecosolum (JES) adalah jurnal berkala ilmiah yang diterbitkan oleh Departemen Ilmu Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Hasanuddin. JES mulai terbit pada tahun 2012 dan menjadi open accsess journal (OJS) sejak tahun 2018. JES terbit dua kali dalam setahun yaitu pada bulan Juni dan Desember. JES merupakan sarana publikasi bagi para akademisi dan peneliti untuk menerbitkan artikel hasil penelitian (original research article) di bidang ilmu tanah dan lingkungan. Jurnal ini menjadi media dalam menjembatani para peneliti maupun akademisi untuk memberikan solusi dalam segala permasalahan yang terdapat dalam bidang pertanian maupun lingkungan. Selain itu, jurnal ini akan menambah khasanah perkembangan ilmu pengetahun khususnya di bidang ilmu yang terkait. Download: AUTHOR GUIDELINES JES TEMPLATE ISSN Online: 2654-430X |ISSN Print: 2252-7923
Penilaian Erosi Tanah dan Sedimen pada Ekosistem Rawa Pegunungan menggunakan Model InVEST-SDR (Studi Kasus DAS Cidanau)
The Cidanau watershed is a unique hydrological region in Indonesia, distinguished by its mountainous swamp ecosystem. As a vital source of raw water for the surrounding communities, maintaining ecological sustainability is essential. This study aimed to evaluate soil erosion and sedimentation in the Cidanau watershed, focusing on the existing conditions and activity of forest and land rehabilitation. The rehabilitation program consists of vegetative and mechanical methods of soil and water conservation. The analysis was conducted using the InVEST-SDR model, integrated with a geographic information system, incorporating data on rainfall, soil characteristics, topography, land use, and conservation practices. Soil samples were collected using a stratified method from nine land units. The land use map for 2022 was improved using high-resolution imagery data and drone mapping. The results indicate that implementing vegetative and mechanical methods of soil and water conservation can decrease soil erosion and sedimentation. In detail, the area classified under very low erosion increased by 41%, while the areas with low, medium, high, and very high erosion decreased by 14.3, 24.6, 42.7, and 42.5%, respectively, compared to the existing scenario. Additionally, sediment levels declined, with the area under very low sedimentation increasing by 31.5% compared to the existing levels. These findings demonstrate that the implementation of soil and water conservation techniques effectively enhances watershed health and supports the long-term sustainability of water resources.
Copyright (c) 2026 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Emisi Karbon Dioksida Tanah di Bawah Penggunaan Lahan Hutan dan Pertanian di Daerah Aliran Sungai Tanralili
The conversion of forests into agricultural land has the potential to increase soil CO₂ emissions due to changes in soil properties, microbial activity, and land management practices. This study aimed to analyze CO₂ emissions under different land uses in the Tanralili Watershed and their relationship with microbial respiration activity and environmental factors. Soil CO₂ emissions were measured using the chamber method across eight land-use types during three observation periods. Heterotrophic respiration was analyzed through soil incubation, while the relationships between CO₂ emissions and soil temperature, soil moisture, air temperature, and air humidity were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis. The results showed that the highest CO₂ emissions were found in intensive agricultural land, namely PJ1 at 28.92 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ and PH at 25.01 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, while the lowest emissions were found in the mixed garden (PK) at 16.15 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, and forest land (HP, HS, and HPK) ranged from 9.94–12.2 ton ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. The emission pattern followed the plant growth stages, with high emissions during the vegetative stage after fertilization, decreasing during the generative stage, and increasing again during the maturation stage. Heterotrophic respiration showed a decreasing trend with increasing soil depth, in line with the decline in soil organic carbon content. CO₂ emissions were positively correlated with soil temperature and air temperature and negatively correlated with air humidity, whereas soil moisture showed no significant relationship with CO₂ emissions. The results indicate that land management, microbial activity, and environmental conditions play important roles in controlling soil CO₂ emissions. Land management should therefore be directed toward low-emission agricultural practices through efficient fertilizer use, increasing soil organic matter, and implementing agroforestry systems to reduce carbon emissions and enhance carbon sequestration.
Pengaruh Kombinasi Tanaman Kehutanan Dan Pertanian (Agroforestri) Terhadap Laju Infiltrasi Di Sub-DAS Mandar
Changes in forest land use trigger watershed hydrological degradation in the form of increased surface runoff. This study examines the effect of agroforestry vegetation combinations on infiltration rates in the Mandar Sub-watershed on three types of cover: Falcataria moluccana + Coffea sp, Gmelina arborea + Coffea sp., and Gmelina arborea + Gliricidia sepium. Infiltration rates were measured in-situ using a double ring infiltrometer at 10-minute intervals and modeled using the Horton equation. Soil physical characteristics (bulk density, particle density, porosity, permeability, organic matter, and texture) were analyzed by taking intact soil samples. The analysis results showed that the average infiltration rate of the Falcataria moluccana + Coffea sp. combination reached 14,65 cm/hour (fast category), surpassing Gmelina arborea + Coffea sp. (11,71 cm/hour) and Gmelina arborea + Gliricidia sepium (11.69 cm/hour) which were categorized as rather fast. Soil physical properties significantly influence infiltration capacity, with Pearson correlation analysis showing a strong positive linear relationship between permeability (r = 0,979), porosity (r = 0,972), and sand content (r = 0,659).
Kombinasi Dosis Pupuk Urea dan POC terhadap Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Padi Skala Rumah Kaca
Dryland areas in Indonesia offer substantial potential for increasing rice production; however, their productivity is often limited by low soil organic matter caused by the continuous use of chemical fertilizers. One possible approach to address this issue is the application of liquid organic fertilizers derived from plant residues, such as gamal (Gliricidia sepium) and lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) leaves, which are expected to improve soil properties and support plant growth. This study aimed to examine the vegetative response of Mikongga rice to different application rates of liquid organic fertilizers, applied either alone or in combination with urea, under dryland conditions. Experiment was conducted from September to November 2025 in Majene Regency, West Sulawesi, using a factorial randomized block design with 12 treatment combinations and threee replications. Observed variables included plant height, number of tillers, and selected soil properties such as pH, moisture content, and temperature. The results revealed that the application of liquid organic fertilizers, either individually or combined with urea, did not significantly affect plant height or tiller number during the observation period of 28 to 49 days after planting. In addition, no significant changes were observed in soil characteristics. These findings indicate that the applied fertilizer rates were insufficient to enhance plant growth or improve soil conditions, suggesting the need for further studies with higher dosages or alternative application methods.
Identifikasi Karakteristik Fisika dan Kimia Tanah Sawah Pasang Surut di SP8 Desa Tanjung Buka
This study aims to identify the physical and chemical soil characteristics of tidal swamp rice fields managed by the Makmur SP8 Farmer Group in Tanjung Buka Village, Tanjung Palas Tengah District. The research was conducted from June to July 2025 using a descriptive method with a random sampling technique. The analyzed physical parameters included soil texture, color, porosity, permeability, and moisture, while the chemical properties encompassed pH, organic Carbon (C-org), total Nitrogen (N), available Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), and salinity. The results indicated that soil physical properties, particularly texture, porosity, and permeability, are optimal for rice cultivation, although soil color reflects the influence of tidal redox (reduction-oxidation) processes, and soil moisture was found to be less than ideal in specific locations. In contrast, soil chemical properties represent the primary constraint, characterized by acidic soil reactions (pH 4.86–5.30) and low concentrations of organic C, total N, available P, K, and CEC, while salinity levels remained within normal limits. These chemical conditions potentially restrict nutrient availability and rice productivity. Therefore, soil fertility improvement strategies should focus on enhancing organic matter, liming, and implementing balanced fertilization to support the sustainable production of tidal swamp rice.
Karakteristik Sifat Kimia Tanah Vertisol pada Lahan Sawah dan Tegalan di Kabupaten Jeneponto
Vertisol soil have high agricultural potential but are constrained by complex physical and chemical properties, thus requiring specific management strategies. This study aims to characterize the chemical properties of Vertisol soils under paddy field and dryland conditions in Jeneponto Regency and to relate them to crop productivity. The research method used was a survey with purposive soil sampling at three land-use type. Composite soil samples at a depth of 0–30 cm were analyzed in the laboratory to determine pH, organic C, total N, available P, available K, and CEC parameters. At te same thime production data were obtained through interviews. The results showed that farmers’ management practices were a more dominant factor in determining soil chemical properties than land-use systems. Organic C and total N contents tended to be higher in dryland (averaging 1.39% and 0.17%) than in paddy fields (averaging 0.71% and 0.18%). However the differences were not statistically significant based on the t-test (p > 0.05). Available P levels were very high in both land uses, indicating long-term fertilizer accumulation. Rice productivity in paddy fields (3.3–3.52 tons/ha/year) was identified as very low, which correlated directly with low organic matter content and nitrogen deficiency in the soil. Conclusion. It can be concluded that organic matter degradation resulting from management practices, such as straw removal, is the main limiting factor for rice productivity in Vertisol soils at the study site.
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Strategi Pengelolaan Lahan Sebagai Upaya Optimalisasi Produksi Tanaman Hortikultura di Kecamatan Samarinda Utara
The strategic role of the agricultural sector in Samarinda City, particularly in North Samarinda District, supports food security and the regional economy. North Samarinda District holds a crucial position as an agricultural buffer zone in Samarinda, but in the past five years, there has been a significant decrease in horticultural production, such as tomatoes from 1,467.9 tons in 2021 to 263 tons in 2024, chilies from 236.2 tons to 129.9 tons, and shallots from 7.5 tons in 2022 to 1.1 tons in 2023. Various challenges, including climate change, land degradation, and urbanization, have contributed to a decline in agricultural productivity. This study aims to evaluate land suitability to optimize horticultural crop production in the region. The research method employed is a land suitability analysis using a Geographic Information System (GIS) approach, which identifies biophysical factors such as soil texture, pH, and soil depth, as well as soil sampling for further analysis. The results show that most of the land in North Samarinda District has S3 (marginally suitable) land suitability for shallots, chilies, and tomatoes. The suitability class for S3 is influenced by limiting factors such as rainfall, soil pH, erosion, and slope. Further discussion reveals that technical improvements, such as fertilization, the addition of organic matter, and terrace construction, can enhance land suitability. Through appropriate technical improvements, land suitability can be upgraded to class S2 (moderately suitable), which in practice will support increased horticultural yields and strengthen food security in North Samarinda.
Analisis Kualitas Tanah Sawah Pada Pergiliran Tanaman Padi dan Kacang Tanah Di Desa Sambueja Kecamatan Simbang Kabupaten Maros
Background. Soil quality refers to the soil’s capacity to sustain the growth and productivity of plants and animals while maintaining environmental functions. Therefore, soil management strategies must be adapted to site-specific conditions to minimize degradation. Aim. This study aimed to assess soil quality in land managed under a rice–peanut crop rotation system in Sambueja Village, Maros Regency. Method. A quantitative descriptive approach was employed, involving the collection of secondary data, site verification, and field surveys. Primary data were obtained through soil sampling and laboratory analyses of minimum data set parameters, including pH, total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), organic carbon (C), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and soil macrofauna diversity. Macrofauna diversity was evaluated using the Shannon–Wiener index, and the Soil Quality Index (SQI) was determined through principal component analysis (PCA). Results. Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship (p < 0.01) between soil pH and phosphorus content, as well as between clay content and macrofauna diversity. Conversely, macrofauna diversity and nitrogen content were negatively correlated at the 5% significance level. The scree plot indicated the eigenvalues for PCA1–PCA4, with SQI-PC1 (0.35) categorized as moderate, SQI-PC2 and SQI-PC3 as low, and SQI-PC4 as very low. The overall Comprehensive Soil Quality Index value (0.16) was classified as very low. Conclusion. Practices such as transporting and burning crop residues decrease the soil quality index by reducing soil organic matter, whereas incorporating crop residues into the soil during tillage helps maintain soil quality.
Kelimpahan dan Keanekaragaman Makrofauna di Berbagai Vegetasi Tutupan Lahan di Tanah Ultisol
Tanah Ultisol umumnya memiliki kandungan bahan organik rendah hingga sedang, bereaksi masam, serta ketersediaan unsur hara yang rendah, sehingga berdampak pada rendahnya kesuburan tanah. Dalam kondisi tersebut, makrofauna tanah berperan penting sebagai perombak bahan organik dan pengendali proses ekologi tanah yang mendukung ketersediaan hara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman makrofauna tanah di berbagai vegetasi tutupan lahan di tanah ultisol. Penelitian dilakukan pada tiga tipe vegetasi, yaitu lahan kosong, lahan jati, dan lahan jagung. Pengambilan sampel makrofauna tanah menggunakan metode monolit berukuran 25 cm × 25 cm hingga kedalaman 10 cm dengan metode hand sorting pada lima titik pengamatan di setiap vegetasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan indeks keanekaragaman Shannon–Wiener, indeks dominansi, serta dianalisis hubungannya dengan sifat fisik dan kimia tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lahan jati memiliki keanekaragaman makrofauna tertinggi dengan sembilan ordo dan nilai indeks keanekaragaman sebesar H’ = 1,85. Lahan jagung memiliki tiga ordo dengan nilai H’ = 0,52 dan didominasi oleh Isoptera dengan kelimpahan populasi sebesar 160 ekor m-². Lahan kosong hanya ditemukan satu ordo, yaitu Hymenoptera, dengan nilai H’ = 0 dan kelimpahan populasi sebesar 156,8 ekor m-². Faktor pH tanah, tekstur tanah, suhu, kadar air, dan kandungan C-organik berpengaruh terhadap jumlah dan komposisi makrofauna tanah. Vegetasi tutupan lahan berpengaruh terhadap kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman makrofauna tanah pada Ultisol. Lahan dengan tutupan vegetasi yang lebih baik seperti lahan jati mampu mendukung komunitas makrofauna yang lebih beragam dan seimbang.
Pengaruh Pemberian Berbagai Dosis Rhizobium terhadap Produktivitas Tanaman Kedelai Edamame (Glycine max (L.) Merill.)
Background. Edamame soybeans are a type of soybean with larger pods than common soybeans and contain a relatively high nutritional value. Nitrogen availability is a key factor in determining the productivity of edamame soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill.), and the application of Rhizobium is one of the effective methods to enhance biological nitrogen fixation. Objective. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of various Rhizobium doses on the productivity of edamame soybean plants. Method. The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Soil Research Institute from August to October 2025 using a one-factor randomized block design (RBD) with four Rhizobium dose levels: no inoculation, 7.5 g/kg seed, 15 g/kg seed, and 22.5 g/kg seed, each replicated three times. Local edamame soybean seeds were incubated with Rhizobium according to the treatment dose prior to planting. Observations included root nodule distribution, nodule size, nodule color, number of leaves, plant height, flowering time, and fresh pod weight per plot. Results. Initial soil analysis indicated acidic conditions (pH 5.0–5.5) with low nutrient content. After treatment, all soil chemical parameters improved, with soil pH increasing to 6.15–6.67, organic C to 1.61–1.90%, total N up to 0.29%, available P₂O₅ up to 16.48 ppm, cation exchange capacity (CEC) up to 23.96 cmol(+)/kg, and increases in Ca, Mg, Na, and K cations. The 22.5 g/kg seed Rhizobium treatment (I3) tended to produce the highest plant growth (33.2 cm height and 27.8 leaves) and the highest soil pH, organic C, and P₂O₅ values, although the differences were not statistically significant for all growth and yield parameters. Conclusion. Analysis of variance showed that the Effect of Various Rhizobium Doses had no significant effect on all treatments. Root nodule distribution and color parameters indicated that nitrogen fixation was not occurring effectively.
Efektivitas Rhizobium sp, Mikoriza dan Pupuk Kandang Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kedelai di Tanah Masam
Indonesia has extensive marginal land resources, one of which is acidic dry land covering approximately ±102.8 million hectares. This land type poses a major constraint to soybean development due to low nutrient availability and high aluminum saturation. One approach to overcoming the limitations of acidic soils is the use of biofertilizers such as Rhizobium sp. and mycorrhizae to enhance phosphorus availability, combined with the application of organic amendments in the form of chicken manure, which is rich in potassium and phosphorus. This study aimed to determine the optimal combination of chicken manure dosage and inoculation of Rhizobium sp. and mycorrhizae for improving soybean growth on acidic soils. The experiment was arranged in a factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors and three replications, resulting in 36 treatment combinations. The first factor was the dosage of chicken manure: A0 (without chicken manure), A1 (1 ton ha⁻¹), and A2 (2 tons ha⁻¹). The second factor was microbial inoculation, consisting of R0M0 (without inoculation), R1 (Rhizobium sp.), M1 (mycorrhizae), and R1M1 (combined Rhizobium sp. and mycorrhizae). Observed parameters included soil chemical properties and soybean growth components. The results showed that the A2R1M1 treatment (2 tons ha⁻¹ chicken manure + Rhizobium sp. + mycorrhizae) produced the best outcomes in soil chemical properties, as indicated by increased cation exchange capacity (17.97 cmol kg⁻¹), available phosphorus (9.02 ppm), and total nitrogen (0.23%), along with reduced exchangeable aluminum (0.32). This treatment also resulted in superior plant growth, reflected by increased plant height (91.0 cm), number of leaves (41.3 leaves), fresh weight (13.05 g), dry weight (4.14 g), and number of pods (8.7 pods). The combination of chicken manure, Rhizobium sp., and mycorrhizae was proven effective in improving acidic soil chemical properties and enhancing soybean growth.
Indeks Kesuburan Tanah Perkebunan Kopi Arabika (Coffea Arabica L.) di Agrowisata Pango-Pango Tana Toraja
Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plantations in Pango-Pango Agrotourism, Tana Toraja Regency, were surveyed for soil fertility index. Coffee plant production is greatly influenced by soil fertility, especially in the highlands, which are ideal habitats for Arabica coffee. This study aims to determine the soil fertility index of Arabica coffee plantations planted at different land heights in the community garden location of Pango-Pango Village, Tana-Toraja Regency at various elevations. The study was conducted using a survey method and laboratory analysis of nine soil samples from two elevation groups: 1500–1600 masl and 1600–1868 masl. The soil chemical parameters analyzed were pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic C, total N, available P, K-dd, Ca-dd, Mg-dd, and Al-dd saturation. The results showed that the soil fertility index (SFI) varied from a rather low class to a rather high class, with soil pH generally acidic, and Al-dd relatively high. Although the temperature and micro humidity support the growth and production of coffee plants, due to the old age of the plants (around 28 years), low fertilizer input, and limited cultivation techniques, the productivity of the coffee plants is still relatively low. The soil fertility index at an altitude of 1500–1600 m above sea level is classified as rather low to moderate, with several soil chemical parameters that are not yet optimal. Meanwhile, at an elevation of 1600–1868 m above sea level, the soil fertility index increases to the moderate to rather high class even though the soil pH is still acidic and the Al-dd content is relatively high.
Dinamika Aliran Nitrogen pada Fase Reproduktif Padi dalam Sistem Minapadi Berbasis Pakan Limbah Pertanian
Nitrogen use efficiency during the reproductive phase is critical for rice yield and grain quality. The rice-fish (minapadi) system that utilizes fish feed made from agricultural waste has the potential to enhance nitrogen availability through fish feces contribution. This study aimed to analyze the dynamics of nitrogen flow from soil to rice leaves and grains during the reproductive phase in a minapadi system. Four feed treatments were applied: no feed (N0), 5% Nitrogen (N1), 7% Nitrogen (N2), and 9% Nitrogen (N3). Nitrogen content was measured in soil, leaves, and grains during the primordia, flowering, and grain-filling stages. The results showed that N3 led to the highest nitrogen flow, with leaf N content reaching 3.1% and grain N content at 1.47%. This system demonstrates improved nutrient efficiency through the synergy between fish and rice, promoting sustainable agriculture based on local resources.
Identifikasi Karakteristik Sifat Fisik dan Ciri Morfologi Tanah Gambut pada Penggunaan Lahan Hutan dan Perkebunan di Kecamatan Petasia Timur, Kabupaten Morowali Utara
Forest conversion into plantations drastically alters the physical properties of peat soil. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify and compare the morphological characteristics and physical properties of peat soil under forest and plantation land use in Petasia Timur District, North Morowali Regency. Observation sites were selected using purposive sampling, where T1 and T2 were located in plantation areas, while T3 was situated in a forest area. A comparative analytical method was employed to examine the physical soil properties between peat oil palm plantations and peat forests. The observed parameters included decomposition degree, soil color, bulk density, porosity, and permeability. The deepest peat thickness was found at T2 (550 cm), while the shallowest was at T3 (180 cm). T3 (forest) exhibited a less decomposed or fibric-dominated state with fiber contents of 6.0–8.0 mm, whereas T2 was more decomposed, showing sapric dominance in the first and second layers with fiber contents of 1.0–8.0 mm. The highest permeability was observed in T3 (range 13.4–15.3), and the lowest was in T2 (range 6.7–7.3). The highest bulk density values were recorded at T2 (0.18–0.23 g/cm³), while the lowest were at T3 (0.10–0.15 g/cm³). The highest porosity was found in T3 (86%–89%), and the lowest in T2 (76%–79%). Forest conversion to plantations significantly affects physical soil properties, where permeability and porosity tend to be higher in peat forests compared to oil palm plantations, whereas bulk density shows the opposite trend. Furthermore, forest conversion on peatland also influences morphological characteristics such as soil color, degree of decomposition, and water table levels.
Pemetaan Indeks Kesuburan Tanah pada Lahan Budidaya Bawang Merah di Kelurahan Mataran Kabupaten Enrekang
Background. Mataran Village is a shallot-producing area in Enrekang district whose production is recorded to decline every year. The decline is suspected to be due to cultivation techniques on sloping land so that it can affect the level of soil fertility, especially in chemical properties. The importance of soil fertility information in the form of geospatial data presented by soil fertility index maps. Objective. Mapping the soil fertility index of shallot cultivation land in Mataran village, Anggeraja District. Method. The research uses descriptive and quantitative methods based on the Soil Fertility Index (SFI) class according to Santoso et al. (2010), in the form of a survey with purposive sampling and then analysis in the laboratory. The parameters observed were Cationic Exchange Capacity (KTK), Exchangeable Bases (Ca-dd, Mg-dd and K-dd), P-available, N-total, C-Organic, Al Saturation, and soil pH. Results. 15 has an SFI value of 160 classified as a Rather Low (AR) class, T2, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T11, T12, T13, T14, T16 has an SFI value of 165 – 200 classified as a Medium class (S), T1, T3, T4, T10, has an SFI value of 205 – 215 and is classified as a Rather High (AT) class, there are three SFI classes presented in the distribution map. Conclusion. Shallot cultivation land in Mataran village, Anggeraja district has an SFI value of 160-215 which is classified as a Rather Low to Somewhat High criterion located in Sossok and Belalang hamlets with limiting factors such as KTK, P-available, K-dd, and Mg-dd.
Analisis Kesesuaian Lahan Tanaman Sengon, Cengkeh, Jagung, Bawang Merah untuk Pengembangan Pola Agroforestri di Desa Tammero’do Kabupaten Majene
Land suitability evaluation for agroforestry development is needed for productive and sustainable land use planning. The selection of plants that are in accordance with the biophysical conditions of the land is very important to know before determining the type of plant to be planted. The purpose of this study was to analyze the suitability of land for the development of agroforestry patterns between forestry, plantation and horticultural plants. The forestry plants evaluated were Sengon, plantation plants were Cloves, and horticultural plants were Shallots and Corn. This study used field survey and laboratory analysis methods. The actual land suitability evaluated consisted of 17 biophysical characteristics at 5 observation points in the Community Plantation Forest Area. Land suitability classes are divided into 4 classes, namely S1 (very suitable), S2 (Quite suitable), S3 (Marginally suitable) and N (Not Suitable). The results of the study showed that the actual land suitability in the Community Plantation Forest Area of Tammero'do Village class S1 was Cloves at UL2, Sengon at UL2, UL3, UL4, UL5. Class S2 is Sengon in UL1, Clove and Corn, in all land units.
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Karakteristik Geomorfologi Tanah pada Formasi Geologi Kuarter Gunung Api Holocen di Wilayah Kepulauan Maluku Utara
Variability of soil types in the Quaternary geological formations on the islands presents different soil morphological characteristics. The process of geomorphogenesis and geology determines the characteristics of soil morphology. This study aims to determine the characteristics of soil morphology, pedogenesis process, soil development based on landforms in Quaternary geological formations in North Maluku Islands region. Six soil profiles were observed, which were determined based on geographical location. Descriptive research methods based on USDA standards were used as the basis for determining soil morphological characteristics. The results showed that the pedogenesis process on Quaternary volcanic landforms were caused by a period of volcanic eruptions characterized by thick soils (>100 cm), fairly steep slopes (15 - 25%), no rock outcrops, and an eluviation-illuviation process on the soil profile. While the pedogenesis process on alluvial landforms tends to produce in-situ rock weathering characterized by slow horizon formation and produces a relatively shallow soil solum (<100 cm). The data obtained provide information on soil resources and the research results can also be used as a formulation in conservation efforts on the islands.
Dinamika Perubahan Iklim dan Keberlanjutan Produksi Kopi: Analisis Spasial Stok Karbon
Climate change threatens the sustainability of coffee production in Indonesia. One of the causes of climate change is the reduction in carbon stocks. Coffee stands have a big role in maintaining carbon stocks. Carbon stocks are part of the global carbon cycle. This research aims to create a carbon stock distribution map on coffee fields in Gowa Regency. This research uses a spatial analysis method which is integrated with the results of soil analysis using the Walkey and Black method to determine the carbon content in the soil which produces a Carbon Stock Distribution Map in Gowa Regency. The research results explained that the highest carbon content was 2,85% in Tanete Village, Tombolopao District (TB2) with a production of 2 kg per tree. This is because the existence of coffee stands in these two regions is still maintained. The carbon content in Pattapang Village, Tinggi Moncong District (TM3) shows the lowest percentage of organic carbon content at 0,82% with a plant age of >10 years and a production of 0,5 kg per tree. Horticultural farming and the massive change in use of agricultural land into villas/settlements is one of the main causes. This also happened in Bungaya and Bonto Lempangan sub-districts. It is hoped that there will be guidelines for adaptation to climate change that include coffee insurance scheme strategies to balance climate risks, diversified multi-strata shelter management to manage seasonal rainfall variability and extreme temperatures, and institutional strengthening, namely community organizations to face increasing market risks related to the resilience of coffee production.
Uji Berbagai Konsentrasi Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Akar Bambu dan Dosis Pupuk Kandang Sapi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Tanaman Jagung
This study aims to optimize the growth of maize plants (Zea mays L.) through the application of various concentrations of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and doses of cow manure. PGPR is known to enhance nutrient availability and improve plant resilience to environmental conditions, while cow manure serves as an organic nutrient source that supports plant growth. The research was conducted in the village of Lekopancing, Tanralili district, Maros regency, at an elevation of 0-40 meters above sea level. The study was designed using a factorial randomized block design (RBD). The first factor was the concentration of PGPR with 4 levels: without PGPR (P0), PGPR 10 ml l-1 water (P1), PGPR 20 ml l-1 water (P2), and PGPR 30 ml l-1 water (P3). The second factor was the dose of cow manure, consisting of 4 levels: without manure (K0), cow manure at 15 tons ha-1 (K1), 25 tons ha-1 (K2), and 35 tons ha-1 (K3). The observed parameters included plant height (cm), number of leaves (leaves), flowering time (DAP), leaf area (cm2). The results showed no interaction between the application of PGPR and cow manure for all observed parameters. However, various concentrations of PGPR had a highly significant effect on all measured parameters, with PGPR at a concentration of 20 ml l-1 water yielding the best results for plant height (176.49 cm), number of leaves (15.46 leaves), leaf area (516.99 cm2), and 50% flowering time (52.33 DAP).
Impact of Tofu X Factory Liquid Waste Discharge on Gentung River Water Quality, Pangkep Regency
This research aims to determine the impact of tofu factory liquid waste on the water quality of the Gentung River, Pangkep Regency. Quantitative descriptive analysis is used to analyze and process data presented narratively. The data was obtained from laboratory test results taken from five sampling points (one wastewater sample point as a pollutant, three river water sample points in the tofu factory area, and one river water sample as comparative data) which was then compared with the water quality standard requirements of the secondclass river. Survey data, observations, and documentation were also used to strengthen the laboratory analysis results of this research. The research results show that tofu factory liquid waste hurts river water quality in terms of the parameters Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Dissolved Solids (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Total Organic Matter. The temperature, color, and pH parameters meet the established river water quality standards. So, it can be seen that the water from the Gentung River, Pangkep Regency, which is in the Tofu Factory Area, cannot be used as a source of clean water for the community and agricultural land and similar uses because the water is polluted. This research can be used as a source of information for local stakeholders who are taking steps to address environmental problems.
Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lahan untuk Tanaman Jeruk Pamelo Giri (Citrus maxima (Burm.) merr) di Kecamatan Peusangan Siblah Krueng
Kecamatan Peusangan Siblah Krueng merupakan salah satu wilayah yang berpotensi untuk pengembangan sentra produksi Jeruk Pamelo Giri di Kabupaten Bireun. Namun, sampai saat ini masih sangat minim informasi dan data tentang karakteristik lahan yang dapat digunakan dalam rangka mendukung rencana pengembangan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik lahan, status kesuburan tanah. serta mengevaluasi tingkat kesesuaian lahan (aktual dan potensial), dan mengetahui faktor pembatas kesesuaian lahan untuk budidaya Jeruk Pamelo Giri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan analisis deskriptif berdasarkan observasi lapangan dan analisis laboratorium, pendekatan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian survei ini adalah pendekatan evaluasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder serta hasil pengamatan lapangan Penentuan lokasi penelitian dilakukan secara “purposive sampling”. Hasil kajian menunjukkan karakteristik lahan berupa tekstur tanah (Entisol, Inceptisol dan Ultisol) dan tingkat bahaya erosi (dengan kemiringan lereng 25-45%). Status kesuburan tanah di lokasi penelitian seluruhnya rendah Kesesuaian lahan aktual pada SPL 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 dan SPL 8 adalah Kelas S3 dengan luas 8.422,27 Ha(82,14%) dan pada SPL 4 dan SPL 6 berada pada Kelas N1 seluas 1.831,32 Ha (17,86%). Adapun hasil kesesuaian lahan potensial pada SPL 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 dan SPL 8 adalah kelas S1 seluas 8.422,27 Ha (82,14%) dan SPL 4 dan SPL 6 adalah Kelas S3e seluas 1.831,32 Ha (17,86%). Terdapat 4 faktor pembatas dalam pengembangan tanaman Jeruk Pamelo Giri di lokasi penelitian, yaitu: media perakaran, retensi hara, hara tersedia dan tingkat bahaya erosi.
Mycorrhiza Arbuscular's Morpho-Species Identification in The Post- Nickel Mining Soil
Using biological agent microorganisms such as Arbuscular Vesicular Mycorrhiza (AVM) is needed to improve post-mining soil fertility. This research aimed to explore and identify morpho species of AVM in the post-nickel mining areas Soil samples were taken from the tree rhizosphere at each representative point. The soil samples have been isolated using Brundrett's method of wet sieving and decanting; AVM spore density is determined for each 20 g soil sample; and spores are grouped based on morphological traits up to the morphogenic stage of the species. The results showed that there are four mycorrhizal species found in the rhizosphere of plants in the nickel post-mining soil of PT Vale Indonesia Tbk., namely Gigaspora sp, Acaulospora sp, Glomus sp, and Scutellospora sp. Gigaspora sp, Acaulospora sp, Glomus sp, and Scutellospora sp obtained 18, 8, 8, and 7 morpho species, respectively. The highest spore density is 34 spores of Gigaspora sp4 found in the rhizosphere of Casuarina rumphiana, 57 spores of Acaulospora sp1 in the rhizosphere of Macaranga gigantea, two spores of Glomus sp1, sp2, and sp6 each as many as two spores per 20 g of soil in rhizosphere of Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Dillenia serrata, Maesopsis eminii, 11 spores of Scutellospora sp6 in the Shizigium sp rhizosphere. One finding revealed that Gigaspora and Acaulospora predominated in the rhizosphere over other mycorrhizas. The results of this AVM identification will be the basis for the mass propagation of local AVM for broader use in the post-nickel mining land area in Sorowako. Widespread use of AVM is a form of post-nickel mining land management based on local resource potential, particularly the dominant trees rhizosphere and the most commonly found AVM types. This proves that AVM can colonize plant roots in this nickel post-mining soil and potentially be mass-propagated, especially species.
Studi Integrasi Seed Coating Fe dan Inkubasi Pupuk Organik Limbah Sagu dalam Pengoptimalan Pertumbuhan Padi
Rice (Oryza sativa) production in Indonesia has declined due to low iron (Fe) availability in alkaline soils, impacting plant growth and yield. Integrating Fe seed coating with sago (Metroxylon sp.) waste organic fertilizer may improve Fe availability and soil quality, offering a potential solution to enhance rice production. Our objective was to examine the effects of Fe seed coating and the incubation of sage waste organic fertilizer on rice growth. The study employed a factorial 2-factor randomized block design. The first factor was the concentration of Fe seed coating, with four levels: 0 g, 55 g with 2.5 g gypsum, 110 g with 5 g gypsum, and 275 g with 12.5 g gypsum. The second factor was the incubation time of organic fertilizer, with four durations: 0 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, and 5 weeks. The interaction between Fe seed coating and sago waste organic fertilizer incubation significantly impacted plant height (153.33 cm), leaf color chart scale (4), chlorophyll a (254.73 μmol.m-2), chlorophyll b (96.90 μmol.m-2), with the most notable effects observed at a Fe seed coating concentration of 275 g with 12.5 g of gypsum and a 5-week incubation period. The application of Fe seed coating at a concentration of 275 g with 12.5 gypsum, combined with a 5-week of sago waste organic fertilizer, effectively enhances plant height, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the leaf color chart scales.
Studi Ketahanan Pangan dalam Menjaga Kemandirian Pangan di Kecamatan Kulo
Food is a basic need that must always be met. As a country with relatively high population growth, Indonesia cannot escape the threat of the global food crisis. This is due to the increasing population growth rate, resulting in higher food consumption by the community. The aim of this research is to study food security in Kulo District using a land intensification approach, in this case fertilization and water management. This research was carried out using the tiling method in calculating productivity rates and carrying out N, P, and K analysis on soil samples to determine the level of fertility in rice fields and to estimate the projected productivity of rice fields using exponential equations so that it can project the results of rice field productivity up to the year 2045. The population growth rate in Kulo District from 2025 to 2045 is 2,06%. The highest population projection result is in 2045, reaching 15.450,59 people, with a per capita consumption of 81,044 kg per person per year in Kulo District. In calculating the rate of productivity of rice fields in Kulo District, it has decreased by 0,043%, with the lowest productivity recorded in 2045 at 32.146 kg ha-1, which is still sufficient to meet the food needs of the people in Kulo District. The highest N content analysis results were found in U1 (0,44%). The highest P analysis results were found in U5 (14,92 ppm). The highest K nutrient content was in sample U4 (0,26). Food conditions in Kulo District are still classified as surplus; however, there are problems with the fertility conditions in the rice fields. Therefore, efforts are needed to increase the fertility of the rice fields in terms of fertilization and water use.
Pengaruh Perubahan Tata Guna Lahan Terhadap Kondisi Tata Air Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Tallo
Land use conversion affects the water management of a watershed, leading to flooding, erosion, and sedimentation. Tallo Watershed located in South Sulawesi is considered critical due to frequent flooding. This study aims to change the land use of the Tallo River Watershed (DAS) and its influence on watershed performance in terms of water management aspects. The methods used include spatial analysis with supervised classification to examine land cover changes and the Ministry of Forestry Regulation No. P61 of 2014 for water management evaluation. The largest land use conversion occurred in paddy fields, which decreased by 3,731.37 hectares, shrubs decreased by 1,484.87 hectares, mixed dryland agriculture by 1,017.29 hectares, water bodies by 317.60 hectares, mangrove forests by 218.27 hectares, and swamp shrubs by 26.99 hectares. These areas were converted into settlements covering 4,348.42 hectares, dryland agriculture 2,070.95 hectares, plantation forests 155.63 hectares, secondary dryland forests 34.01 hectares, airports 93.80 hectares, fish ponds 68.16 hectares, open land 19.16 hectares, and savannas 6.25 hectares. From the water management aspect, Flow Regime Coefficient value was >110, classified as very high, Annual Flow Coefficient was >0.5, also very high; sediment load and flooding were categorized as very high, and Water Usage Index value was <1700, categorized as very poor. As a result, the water management of the Tallo Watershed is classified as very poor, with a score of >130. The water management carrying capacity of Tallo Watershed falls into very poor classification from 2003 to 2022, mainly due to land use conversion and forest area covering only 11% of the total Tallo Watershed area.
Geocomputation and Spatial Analysis Applied for Geological Mapping: A Case Study in Palopo, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
In searching for a track record of earth formation, people tend to interpret field data in a way that limits the potential of history and explanation, which is often less influenced by theory and available facts, this requires valid data gathered intellectually. Geocomputing, which is the digital processing of geographic data, is a relatively recent field that reflects a wide range of research methodologies and their application to help solve problems in machine learning, geostatistics, image processing, and spatial analysis, among other areas. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of using geocomputational methods with Avenza Map and ArcGIS. This study uses geocomputation and spatial analysis to carry out geological mapping at a scale of 1:25,000 located in the Battang area, West Wara District, Palopo City, South Sulawesi. Two aspects are the main focus in implementing this research method, namely when mapping by relying on Avenza with a base map sourced from the Rupa Bumi Indonesia (RBI) map and on data management using the ArcGIS application to become a 3D map. Lithological of the study area showed basalt, porphyry basalt, and phyllite. The geological structure that develops in the research area is joint and fault. Avenza Map work with spatial analysis in ArcGIS is obtained cognitively, involving the relationship between individual conditions, tools, and terrain conditions. It can be stated that the use of avenza on smartphones in this modernization condition is more effective. This research allows for a review of the practical level of use of computer methods ranging from mapping to data management. Regarding implementing cognitive mapping, Avenza Map and ArcGIS can be recommended tools in geo-computation techniques as more effective support for recording and managing data while still paying attention to noise that may occur as a barrier to data accuracy.
Kompetisi Akar Kakao dan Langsat Dalam Serapan Nitrogen Pada Sistem Agroforestri Sederhana: Evaluasi Setahun Setelah Aplikasi Pupuk
Sistem agroforestri di Dusun Lemo Baru Kabupaten Polewali Mandar memerlukan perhatian khusus mengenai persaingan antar tanaman terhadap serapan hara dan pertumbuhan akar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari respon akar dan serapan hara kakao dan langsat terhadap dosis nitrogen yang berbeda. Pada kebun agroforestri dilakukan pemupukan nitrogen dengan empat dosis yaitu perlakuan kontrol; pemupukan Urea dosis 354 g pohon-1; Phonska Plus 500 g pohon-1; dan Phonska Plus 500 g pohon-1 + Urea 190 g pohon-1 diletakkan di ingrowth hole diantara pohon kakao dan langsat. Setelah setahun pemupukan dilakukan pengambilan sampel tanah, akar dan daun. Sampel tanah dan daun dianalisis serapan hara, analisis keragaman dan Independent Sampel T-Tes(2-tailed) dengan taraf kepercayaan 5%. Sampel akar dilakukan perhitungan panjang akar menggunakan software ImageJ, kerapatan panjang akar dan panjang akar spesifik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai SRL langsat tertinggi pada perlakuan kontrol dan nilai RLD tertinggi pada Phonska Plus 500 g pohon-1. Aplikasi pupuk berpengaruh nyata terhadap SRL kakao dan tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap RLD. Perlakuan kontrol berbeda nyata dengan pemupukan Urea dengan dosis 354 g pohon-1, Phonska Plus 500 g pohon-1 dan Phonska Plus 500 g pohon-1 + Urea 190 g pohon-1. Pemupukan Urea 354 g pohon-1 berbeda nyata dengan Phonska Plus 500 g pohon-1 + Urea 190 g pohon-1. Nilai tertinggi RLD terdapat pada perlakuan Urea 354 g pohon-1. Serapan hara jaringan langsat dan kakao tertinggi pada pemupukan Phonska Plus 500 g pohon-1 + Urea 190 g pohon-1. Akar langsat mampu menyerap hara lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan akar kakao.
Dinamika Pola Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan Kabupaten Gowa Berdasarkan Jarak dari Kota Makassar
Pertumbuhan penduduk merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi dinamika penggunaan lahan melalui hubungan yang kompleks antara kebutuhan manusia untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sebagai tempat tinggal dan kebutuhan produksi pertanian. Kabupaten Gowa mengalami perubahan lahan sangat signifikan dari tahun ke tahun disebabkan karena pertumbahan penduduk Kota Makassar dan Kabupaten Gowa sendiri. Perubahan penggunaan lahan menyebabkan konversi lahan dan tekanan pada sumber daya lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dinamika pola perubahan penggunaan lahan produktif terhadap perkembangan kawasan urbanisasi dari Kota Makassar ke arah transek jarak wilayah Kabupaten Gowa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kota Makassar dan Kabupaten Gowa yang mencakup wilayah Kecamatan Manggala, Pattalasang, Parangloe hingga Tinggimoncong. Perubahan penggunaan lahan dilihat dengan menggunakan metode klasifikasi terbimbing berdasarkan data citra satelit pada tahun 2000, 2010 dan 2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi perubahan penggunaan lahan secara pesat pada tahun 2000, 2010 dan 2020 di wilayah Kota Makassar dan Kabupaten Gowa. Dinamika pola perubahan penggunaan lahan terhadap perkembangan kawasan urbanisasi Kota Makassar ke arah wilayah Kabupaten Gowa berdasarkan transek jarak pada setiap penggunaan lahan sawah, kebun campur, pemukiman, lahan kering, lahan badan air terus meningkat,sehingga menyebabkan penurunan jumlah hutan yang semakin menurun.
Identifikasi Kawasan Rawan Bencana Tanah Longsor di Desa Takandeang Kecamatan Tapalang Kabupaten Mamuju
Mamuju Regency is one of the areas in West Sulawesi that has a relatively high potential for landslides on a regional scale. Landslide-prone areas on a village scale have not been widely identified. One of the villages that often experience landslides, which result in fatalities and infrastructure damage, is Takandeang Village, Tapalang District, Mamuju Regency. Determining landslide-prone areas uses a weighting method with parameters: rainfall, soil erodibility, lithology, slope gradient, and land cover. Analysis of soil characteristics: soil erodibility, texture, permeability, and C-organic. Observations of soil structure and macroscopic rocks were conducted directly in the field. The weighting of landslide parameters showed a vulnerability value of 1.2 for rainfall, 0.67 for lithology, 0.6 for soil erodibility, 0.45 for slope gradient, and 0.4 for land cover. Landslide area identification in Takandeang Village shows three classes of vulnerability level, namely low class with an area of 522.86 ha (29%) spread across most of the Takandeang Village Hamlet area, medium vulnerability class with an area of 1115.21 ha (62%) spread across most of the eastern and the western regions of Takandeang Village which are forest areas, and high vulnerability class around 172.09 ha (9%) spread across Takandeang, Salubiru, Limbeng Hamlets, a small part of Benteng Kata, Taloba and Salumati Hamlets. The landslide vulnerability level of Takandeang Village is caused by rainfall as a triggering factor, while lithology and soil erodibility are controlling factors with the same weight in accelerating landslide events.
Accurate Nitrogen and Water Deficit Trigger Flavonoid and Proline Accumulation in Celery (Apium graveolens L.)
Celery is a plant that produces secondary metabolites, known as flavonoids, with distinctive taste and smell. Flavonoids are synthesized in leaves and mainly accumulate in vacuoles of cells. Water deficit is one of the abiotic stress factors that affect the increase of several amino acids as cofactors that form secondary metabolites. Moreover, nitrogen nutrients have an essential role in the formation of amino acids and chlorophyll. The research results show that the total fresh weight increased at around 450 g by applying 200 kg N ha-1 under 100% field capacity (FC). Consequently, there was an increase in fresh weight, followed by the biomass of celery, which was 1/15 of fresh weight. Meanwhile, the accumulated flavonoid concentration was higher at 50% field capacity and 100 kg N ha-1. Surprisingly, the content of proline and flavonoids in leaves of the same age had higher concentrations at 100 kg N ha-1 and 50% FC compared to the concentration of proline and flavonoids at 200 kg N ha-1 in the form of urea fertilizer, namely 0.25 µmol g-1 and 67.84 ppm, respectively. At 50% FC and 100 kg N ha-1, it is slightly higher on proline and flavonoids than the application of 100% FC and 200 kg N ha-1. The highest accumulation of phosphorus in leaves is interestingly at around 0.51 ppm at 50% FC, compared to the application of 100% FC at 100 and 200 kg N ha-1 half bellows at around 0.3.