Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Hasanuddin University.
Representation of Organizational Culture and Communication: An Ethnographic Study on Intergenerational Women’s Leadership in a Nursing Home
Organizational culture in social service institutions is not merely a static administrative framework but a living system of shared meanings constructed through daily interactions. While studies on nursing homes have documented various institutional frameworks, research that specifically examines organizational culture through the intersection of intergenerational women's leadership and cultural transmission within a historically rooted, female-exclusive nursing home remains scarce. This study addresses this gap by exploring how intergenerational women’s leadership shapes the representation of organizational culture and communication practices at Panti Sosial Tresna Wredha Budi Pertiwi, an institution that has maintained a unique intergenerational women's leadership model since 1947. Specifically, this study aims to analyze this representation through Edgar Schein’s three levels of culture: artifacts, espoused values, and basic underlying assumptions. Using a qualitative approach with an ethnography of communication lens, data were gathered through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentary studies. Data were analyzed using a qualitative flow model, structured around Edgar Schein’s three-level framework of culture. The findings reveal that the institution's resilience is sustained through four interconnected dimensions. First, intergenerational women's leadership serves as the historical and relational foundation of the institution, positioning leaders as guardians of tradition rather than mere administrators. Second, this leadership fosters a distinct organizational culture built upon shared values of gotong royong, sincerity, and respect for the elderly's dignity. Third, this culture is enacted through communication practices that are highly dialogical, egalitarian, and rooted in collective decision-making, creating a family-like atmosphere among administrators, staff, and residents. Fourth, these dynamics are systematically manifested through Schein's three levels of culture: spiritual artifacts that build sisterhood, the aforementioned espoused values, and the basic underlying assumption that caregiving is an act of sacred devotion. Consequently, the integration of these four dimensions allows the nursing home to preserve its historical identity across generations.
Copyright (c) 2026 ETNOSIA : Jurnal Etnografi Indonesia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Resistance of the Warga Desa Adat to the Reclamation of Benoa Bay, Bali
Reclamation is not inherently problematic and can yield positive results when well-planned, compliant with environmental standards, and mindful of social impacts. However, many reclamation projects have caused problems and sparked public protest. While most studies on reclamation plan typically examine social movements as a collective entity, this study explores the individual reasons for engagement through the lens of the actors subjective lived experiences in regard to social resistance against reclamation plan of Benoa Bay. The long movement to reject the plan (2013-2019) depicts the struggle of the Balinese people to uplift their traditional existence in the modern day. Using phenomenological qualitative approach, this study was conducted in Tanjung Benoa Traditional Village. Data collection was based on the narratives produced by series of long and frequent interviews with five main actors of the resistance, consisting of a local fisherman, two youth leaders, a traditional leader, and a hamlet head. This study indicates that the actors defend their subjective significance of the Benoa Bay in various claims and stories which significantly becomes the driving force of their personal engagement of rejection. The public contest against reclamation was related more to people’s cultural belief and social-environmental solidarity with each other than to political-economic interests. The Balinese rejection as a whole is not a single movement that is well-organised. The social resistance against the plan of reclamation, in the context of Balinese people, consists of multiple layers of the individual and existential motivations and beliefs. The Balinese beliefs not only sophisticatedly display the local religion, but also the existential struggle of the adat villagers against the onslaught of capitalism that offers modern progress. Myth and modern science are not only competing, but also intertwining. The conceptualisation of the resistance varies in terms of individual engagement.
Netnographic Insights into Public Perception of Koperasi Desa Merah Putih (KDMP) Policy on TikTok
Public trust in village cooperative policies is often shaped by concerns over corruption, nepotism, weak oversight, and unequal access to public resources. However, little is known about how citizens express and negotiate these concerns in short-form social media spaces such as TikTok. This article examines how TikTok users construct accountability judgments toward Indonesia’s Koperasi Desa Merah Putih (KDMP) policy. Using a qualitative netnographic approach, the study analyzes public comments on a highly viewed TikTok video posted by the verified Lingkarnews account. Of 15,500 comments, 14,782 were collected, and 10,068 meaningful comments were manually coded through open and axial coding. The analysis identified four main thematic clusters: integrity and governance, financing design, public response, and social risks. The findings show that public skepticism was the dominant response, followed by conditional support. Corruption, nepotism, loan interest, online loans, public oversight, village funds, audits, and online gambling emerged as key concerns shaping public evaluation of KDMP. These findings indicate that KDMP is judged not only by its developmental objectives but also by perceived fairness, transparency, and vulnerability to misuse. The study contributes a netnographic account of TikTok as a participatory accountability space where citizens collectively evaluate the legitimacy of rural cooperative reform through a moral economy of accountability.
Economic Dynamics of Javanese Transmigrant Rubber Farmers in Sumber Rahayu, 1982–2011
In many transmigration areas, plantation commodities play a central role in shaping local economic structures. Most previous studies tend to focus on general socio-economic transformations or policy impacts, but rarely adopt a longitudinal or historical perspective that captures changes across extended periods of time. This study fills this gap. The study focuses on how transmigrant communities adapted their livelihood strategies and developed a rubber-based rural economy. Using historical and commodity-based approach, this study was conducted in Sumber Rahayu Village, Rambang District, Muara Enim Regency, South Sumatra, during 1982–2011. Data was collected through interviews with first-generation transmigrants, local community leaders, cooperative managers, and village officials, complemented by observation and document analysis, including transmigration records and village archives. The findings show that the initial phase of transmigration was marked by the failure of food-crop agriculture due to unsuitable environmental conditions, limited agricultural knowledge, and pest disturbances. These challenges encouraged transmigrant households to shift toward rubber cultivation, which was more compatible with local conditions and offered greater economic opportunities. The development of rubber plantations was further strengthened by the establishment of KUD Panca Mulya, which improved market access and price transparency. Although the rubber economy contributed to higher household welfare and infrastructure development, it also created vulnerabilities related to land ownership inequality, high production costs, and dependence on fluctuating commodity prices. It is argued in this article that transmigration was not merely a population redistribution program, but an adaptive socio-economic process that transformed frontier land into a commodity-based rural economy.
Between Public Morality and Online Judgment: Cancel Culture in Indonesian Muslim Digital Spaces
The rise of cancel culture on social media has transformed the way public accountability, moral judgment, and religious authority are negotiated in contemporary Muslim societies. While existing studies largely examine cancel culture from the perspectives of digital communication or Western social movements, little attention has been given to how this phenomenon operates within Muslim-majority contexts and religiously sensitive issues. This article investigates the dynamics of cancel culture among Indonesian Muslims through two prominent cases: the blasphemy controversy involving Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Ahok) and the public backlash against the Lombok cleric Tuan Guru Mizan Qudsiyah. Using a qualitative approach and digital ethnography, the study analyzes social media conversations on X (formerly Twitter) and public attention patterns through Google Trends to examine how digital activism mobilizes collective reactions. The findings show that cancel culture in Indonesian Muslim digital spaces functions as a form of moral policing driven by religious identity, collective solidarity, and emotional mobilization. Social media enables rapid amplification of public outrage through hashtags, online campaigns, and digital narratives that shape public opinion and influence offline actions. However, this process also contributes to social polarization, stigmatization, and the reinforcement of negative global perceptions of Indonesian Muslims. By examining cancel culture through the intersection of digital activism, religious identity, and Muslim public discourse, this study contributes to emerging scholarship in digital religion and Islamic digital humanities.
Beyond Networks and Trust: A Post-Structuralist Reading of Social Capital, Governance, and Inequality in Southeast Asia
On a fundamental level, the conceptualization of social capital has been developed by various prominent thinkers. While previous studies have mainly discussed social capital through networks, trust, participation, and institutional access, This article offers a different reading by treating it as a classificatory discourse that ranks social relations and shapes how community life is recognized in development. It examines the concept of social capital in Southeast Asian development discourse. The objective is to reconsider social capital as a concept that not only describes cooperation, but also influences how development understands community, inequality, and institutional access. The study uses a qualitative and interpretive method based on critical document analysis. It reads theoretical works on social capital, critical development literature, and studies on Southeast Asian development through a post-structuralist approach. The analysis is organized around three themes: social capital as a governing vocabulary, the hierarchy of bonding, bridging, and linking ties, and the marginalization of informal and vernacular practices. The findings show that social capital became influential because it offered a practical language for participation, trust, and community-based development. However, this language can also recast structural inequality as weak community capacity. In Southeast Asia, kinship, religious mutual aid, migrant networks, adat authority, patronage, and informal welfare are often less valued when they do not fit formal development categories. The article argues for a more critical sociology of social capital that places networks within power, recognition, and inequality,
From Tradition to Modern Parenting: An Ethnography of Child Rearing Practices in a Sundanese Village
Child rearing practices among young mothers and young fathers in Sundanese semi-rural areas are changing rapidly, shaped by social transformation, digital media, and modern medical knowledge. While most studies focus on parenting as a way to preserve cultural values, this article examines how young mothers and young fathers are adapting their practices amid semi-urban change and what happens to local values such as pamali, extended family roles, and the use of the Sundanese language in everyday family life. Using ethnographic approach, this study was conducted in Cileles Village, West Java Province. Data was collected through participant observation and in-depth interviews with five mothers and three fathers who have children under five years old. The results show that child rearing practices have become an arena for cultural selection and rationalization. Young mothers and young fathers tend to adopt child rearing practices informed by digital knowledge and information, which are considered more relevant to children's growth and development needs. Sundanese cultural values such as silih asah, silih asih, and silih asuh are still recognized symbolically, but have undergone changes in form and in the intensity of their application. Shifts are evident in child stimulation practices, sleep arrangements, language use within the family, and less involvement of the extended family in child rearing. Rather than openly rejecting tradition, young mothers and young fathers engage in gradual and selective adaptations that subtly reconfigure child rearing as a medium of cultural inheritance. This study demonstrates that the transformation of Sundanese culture occurs not only in public or institutional domains but also within the domestic sphere. In the context of semi-urbanization, everyday parenting practices become an early locus of cultural change with long-term implications for cultural sustainability.
People Preserving Javanese Culture Through Digital Media: A Virtual Ethnographic Study of Radio Puspa FM's Strategic Adaptation
As a station dedicated to preserving local Javanese culture, Puspa FM faces challenges in expanding its audience and increasing advertising revenue within a competitive media landscape. This study examines Radio Puspa FM's strategic adaptation in Pacitan, Indonesia, amid digital transformation and cultural commodification. Using a qualitative approach and virtual ethnography, researchers interacted with the station as listeners, community members, and contributors. Seven informants were purposively selected based on their active involvement in Puspa FM's management, cultural programming, and online listener communities. We triangulated in-depth interviews, participant observation, and a focus group discussion as our data collection methods. The findings reveal that Puspa FM utilizes digital platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube to extend its reach and attract advertisers, while participatory engagement sustains its cultural authenticity. It also shows that the station reconfigures its content and business model to enhance engagement and sustainability while maintaining its cultural mission. The study implies that integrating digital innovation with participatory values can serve as a practical model for local cultural media seeking to balance tradition, audience engagement, and financial resilience in the digital era.
Copyright (c) 2025 ETNOSIA : Jurnal Etnografi Indonesia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Exploring Ethical Cosmopolitanism Through Tongkonan Symbolism: A Hermeneutic Perspective on the Toraja Community
Previous studies have often regarded the tongkonan solely as a traditional, primordial symbol tied exclusively to Toraja culture. This article challenges that view by exploring the broader, transnational ethical dimensions of the tongkonan symbolism, which have not been fully addressed in existing literature. This research aims to empirically examine the relationship between individual subjects, the Toraja community, and other global communities, integrating these findings into a holistic, cosmopolitan perspective. Adopting a qualitative approach with a hermeneutic framework, this study analyzes the tongkonan as a cultural text through the lenses of symbol theory and ethical cosmopolitanism. Six informants participated in the study, consisting of two customary leaders, a church official, a religious leader, an educational practitioner, and a tongkonan carver. Data were collected through unstructured interview and observation. The research findings demonstrate that the symbolism of the tongkonan, understood as a representation of the microcosm, aligns with the principles of ethical cosmopolitanism, particularly in terms of cosmic brotherhood or fraternity. The Toraja people, through their symbolic use of the tongkonan, have historically positioned themselves as cosmopolitans or world citizens. The tongkonan embodies an ideal type of human being—one who is guided by solidarity and a sense of responsibility towards the liyan (fellow beings), thus reflecting a cosmopolitan personality. These results confirm the congruence between the symbolic meaning of the tongkonan and the tenets of ethical cosmopolitanism, indicating that the Torajan people have embraced their identity as global citizens, ethically connected across transnational scales.
Negotiating the Sacred and the Profane: The Kase Nae Tiang Alif Ritual of the Makeang People
Studies on local Islam in Indonesia have predominantly focused on Java and other major islands, leaving limited attention to the dynamics of Islamic practice in Eastern Indonesia. This article deals with a religious ritual of Makeang community by examining the Kase Nae Tiang Alif ritual as an expression of syncretic religiosity. The ritual, which is part of a mosque construction procession, merges sacred elements—such as prayers led by a hakim syara (Islamic judge)—with profane performances like the ronggeng togal dance. This ethnographic study was conducted in Ngofabobawa Village, Malifut District, North Maluku Province, between 2016 and 2019, employing participant observation and in-depth interviews with 23 informants of diverse backgrounds. The research findings show that the Kase Nae Tiang Alif ritual reflects the community’s negotiation between Islamic values, local cosmology, and ecological relationships. It serves not only as a religious act, but it also as a mechanism for communal solidarity and cultural continuity. The sacralization of the Tiang Alif (sacred pillar) demonstrates that local religiosity is rooted in symbolic practices that merge the divine and the material worlds. It is argued in this article that the ritual represents a space of negotiation between sacred and profane domains in the formation of local Islamic identity. This negotiation occurs through community participation, sensory expressions, and symbolic performances.
Cultural Convergence: The Isnfluence of Indian Traditions on Birth Traditions in Aceh
Studies of Acehnese culture have predominantly focused on Islamic traditions, leaving pre-Islamic heritage particularly the Hindu-Buddhist influence introduced from India largely unexplored. As a central ritual in society marking the beginning of life, birth traditions in Aceh form a cultural genetic system that incorporates Indian, Islamic, and local elements at various level. This study seeks to explore the extent and ratio of Indian cultural influence in Acehnese birth traditions, especially in the context of a society now largely shaped by Islamic values. The study used qualitative ethnographic method based on Spradley’s theoretical framework, with data collected through participant observation and interview. The findings reveal that Indian influence remains evident in the symbols and rituals associated with birth traditions in Aceh, which encompass processions such as Khanduri, Peusijeuk, Intat Bu/Me Bu, Tanom Adoe, and Peutreun Aneuk. More complexly, the Peusijeuk tradition, which involves the use of water and leaves as ritual objects and signifies the aspiration for blessings, is demonstrably a Hindu influence that has since undergone Islamic syncretism, evidenced by the inclusion of Islamic prayers during the ritual. These findings highlight the complex and ongoing nature of cultural assimilation in Aceh, where Indian and Islamic influences coexist within the local cultural framework.
The Stigmatization of Ngapak Dialect: A Case Study of Ngapak Students in Semarang
Indonesia’s linguistic diversity is under threat, with a steady decline in the use of local languages despite constitutional protections. In urban centers like Semarang, dialects such as Ngapak face social stigma, leading migrant students to adjust their speech patterns. Unlike previous studies that focused primarily on speech strategies, this study examines deeper sociolinguistic issues, including dialect stigma and language-based marginalization. Using qualitative case study approach, this study was conducted in Semarang Central Java. Data were collected through semi-structured interview with 20 participants, observation, social media analysis, and online surveys. They were then categorized using the CAT framework and compiled into a comprehensive research report. The findings show that stigmatization is rooted in historical, institutional, and popular factors. Ngapak students employ convergence, divergence, and maintenance strategies depending on context and interlocutor, with a stronger tendency toward convergence. These strategies influence how they are perceived and socially integrated. In conclusion, their communication strategies reflect their efforts to navigate stigma, negotiate identity, and maintain linguistic pride within a linguistically diverse campus environment.
Sacred Sounds in Transit: The Transformation of Indonesian Ritual Music as a Creative Economy Commodities
This critical ethnographic study examines the Indonesian ritual music transformation into creative economy commodities, revealing complex negotiations between cultural preservation and market logic. Its primary contribution is a multi-actor governance model that reveals how Indonesian ritual music is strategically managed within a competitive ecosystem of power. Through multi-sited fieldwork, this study examines how Indonesian ritual music is reconfigured for tourism, negotiating between spiritual authenticity and commercial viability. Employing a mixed-method approach that combines critical reanalysis of existing ethnographic documentation with targeted primary fieldwork, the study traces power dynamics underlying commodification processes through multi-temporal perspectives. The research engaged a diverse range of informants, including traditional practitioners, PINKAN officials, government representatives, and multi-general artist to ground this analysis. Intensive participant observation during UNESCO recognition processes was supplemented by validation fieldwork across all three sites to capture contemporary transformations. Findings reveal that ritual music's market transit generates stratified outcomes where local communities, state agencies, and global markets compete for definitional authority over cultural meaning. While creative economy initiatives provide economic incentives for cultural transmission, they simultaneously restructure traditional authority, privileging market-oriented aesthetics over cosmological meanings. Traditional leaders function as "ritual CEOs" managing bifurcated musical practices, aristocratic families rebrand ancestral ceremonies as exclusive tourism products, while practitioners navigate UNESCO standardization processes that potentially rigidify living traditions. The research demonstrates that commodification operates through nuanced community strategies maintaining ritual integrity while engaging market opportunities, including "contextual competence" and subversive tactics redirecting revenues toward non-commercial ritual activities. However, technological mediation creates "sonic schizophrenia" where recorded versions exist independently from spatially embedded practices, potentially disconnecting techniques from cosmological foundations. These findings contribute to ethnomusicological understanding by challenging preservation versus commercialization binaries and demonstrating adaptive strategies for cultural sustainability. The study advocates for equitable models centering community agency while preserving cosmological foundations essential to ritual music's cultural vitality.
A Promise of the Future or A Dead End: Occupation and Social Conflict in Palm Oil Plantations in West Pasaman
This paper discusses the conflict that occurred on land owned by PT. PHP I, which was occupied by the Nagari Kapa community as their customary land. The community requested land rights in order to gain access to the land based on the Babingkah Adat customary system. Therefore, this paper analyses the nature of customary provisions in land ownership and the community's actual motives for occupying PT. PHP I's land. Using critical ethnography approach, it analyses social relations, social inequality, and capitalist hegemony in the palm oil industry. Data was collected using participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and text analysis of the perspectives of the community, traditional leaders, and the legality of land use. The study shows that the transfer of land by traditional leaders (ninik mamak) Nagari Kapa to the state (West Pasaman government) in 1997 was a statement that contained political, legal, and customary elements. Therefore, the customary framework cannot be accessed and cannot be fully applied. The customary framework cannot be accessed and cannot be fully applied. The occupation of land by the Nagari Kapa community represents their resistance and resilience to defend their land. They are not only fighting and reclaiming the land taken by PT. PHP I, but also opposing the arbitrary actions of their ninik mamak, who unilaterally handed over the land to another party. Thus, the social awareness of occupying PHP I's land is a form of aspiration and resistance by the community to reclaim their land rights..
Social Media Scams: A Netnography Investigation in Malaysia and Indonesia
Online scams have become increasingly sophisticated across Southeast Asia, yet current studies primarily focus on single-platform fraud, specific scam types, or victim psychology in isolated contexts. Existing literature has examined romance scams, online investment fraud, digital labor scams, and general scam perceptions. However, few studies adopt a comparative Netnography approach across multiple social media platforms or explore the interconnectedness of scams with emerging issues such as human trafficking, particularly in Indonesia and Malaysia where scam incidents are rapidly escalating. This study fills this gap by providing a cross-country, multi-platform netnography investigation of scam techniques and victim responses. Using a non-participatory netnography approach, this research analyzed public interactions tagged with #scam and #scammeralert on Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube over a five-day period in 2024. The study examined scammer strategies and victim narratives drawn from scam-reporting communities and fraud-victim support groups. The findings identify four dominant scam types: (1) selling products at cheaper prices, (2) impersonation, (3) offering job with high salary, and (4) offering online part-time job. The study also reveals three major victim responses: (1) shooting and uploading the fraud on social media, (2) creating fraud’s victim association, and (3) freezing of their bank account on priority basis. This research contributes new insights by demonstrating how digital platforms function as interconnected ecosystems of fraud, where multiple scam types operate simultaneously and victims mobilize collective counteractions. The study highlights the urgent need for enhanced digital literacy, cross-border enforcement, and integrated anti-scam policies in Indonesia and Malaysia.
Nyekar Sekardadu Grave as The Formation of Community Collective Memory Coastal
This study examines the tradition of nyekar makam Dewi Sekardadu as an element of collective memory in the coastal community of Sidoarjo, Indonesia, focusing on its transformation from a sacred spiritual practice to commercialized cultural tourism. Unlike existing literature, which generally focuses on traditional practices as static cultural artifacts threatened by modernization. This study reveals how the nyekar tradition dynamically adapts through economic integration while maintaining community relevance, introducing a new perspective by showing how collective memory sites can serve dual functions as both unifiers and dividers of communities, with some locations claiming authenticity a phenomenon that has been under-explored in Indonesian cultural tourism studies. Using a qualitative approach, this study was conducted in Kepetingan Village (Buduran Subdistrict) and Wunut Village (Porong Subdistrict) in Sidoarjo. Data was collected using in-depth interview with ten informants, consisting of two traditional community leaders and eight local residents who directly participate in the tradition, supplemented by participatory observation. The study shows significant transformations where spiritual values now account for only 15% of the tradition, while entertainment and economic aspects are dominant. This tradition operates as a habitus within the social arena of coastal communities, where various forms of capital (cultural, symbolic, social, and economic) interact and convert within the context of modernization, while the tomb of Dewi Sekardadu has become a contested site of memory, reflecting the complex dynamics of collective memory. This study contributes to an understanding of how collective memory is dynamically reconfigured through the interaction between changing social habitus and evolving economic arenas, representing adaptive mechanisms rather than threats to authenticity in Indonesian coastal communities.
Ethnoparenting Based on Local Wisdom: The Practice of Manjujai among Minangkabau Families in Nagari Kasang, West Sumatra
Indonesia, with its diverse ethnicities, has a meaningful culture to support children's growth and development. This study will examine ethnoparenting of Minangkabau ethnic group, termed manjujai. A qualitative approach was used, conducted in Nagari Kasang, Batang Anai District, Padang Pariaman Regency, West Sumatra with data gathered from in-depth interviews with 20 informants, direct observation of interactions between children, parents, and extended family members. The findings reveal that manjujai serves as an effective medium for strengthening children’s character. This tradition is expressed in various forms such as chants, songs, and simple games that holistically stimulate children’s cognitive, motoric, emotional, and spiritual development. The Minangkabau's extended family system, which is based on a matrilineal structure, reinforces the effectiveness of manjujai by making early childhood caregiving a collective responsibility of the larger family network. Despite concerns about the tradition's potential extinction as a result of modernization, manjujai is still actively practiced in Nagari Kasang, demonstrating the community's social structure and collective awareness of the importance of cultural identity preservation. Thus, Minangkabau ethnoparenting in the manjujai tradition represents a sustainable caregiving practice that positively contributes to child development.
The Role of Indigenous Communities in Turtle Breeding Activities, Skouw Yambe Village, Papua
This study uniquely examines the role of indigenous communities in turtle conservation in Skouw Yambe Village, Jayapura City, Papua, by employing a descriptive qualitative approach. Unlike previous research, this study provides an in-depth analysis of local community conservation practices specifically focused on four turtle species: green turtle (Chelonia Mydas), hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys Imbricata), loggerhead turtle (Caretta Caretta), and leatherback turtle (Dermochelys Coriacea). Unlike previous research that predominantly offered superficial, descriptive accounts of conservation activities, this study delves deep into the complex socio-ecological mechanisms that underpin community-driven environmental preservation. By applying qualitative approach, this study utilizes an integrated methodology of in-depth interviews and participatory observation. A total of nine informants were purposefully selected for this study, representing diverse perspectives within the indigenous community of Skouw Yambe Village. The study reveals a systematic traditional knowledge system for species identification and conservation practices, demonstrating how indigenous communities in Skouw Yambe Village effectively use intergenerational ecological knowledge to protect and manage local turtle populations The conservation process encompasses three critical stages: egg collection, incubation, and hatchling release, occurring between January and May each year. It demonstrates that turtle conservation in this location transcends mere species preservation, representing a manifestation of cultural values and environmental ethics. The community-based conservation model harmoniously synthesizes traditional ecological wisdom with modern conservation methodologies. The approach aims to prevent species extinction, protect coastal habitats, strengthen social cohesion, and empower local communities. The conservation initiative is supported by three fundamental components: high community awareness and participation, synergistic collaboration with government and non-governmental agencies, and conducive natural habitat conditions. Despite challenges such as plastic pollution and coastal erosion, the Skouw Yambe indigenous community has developed an adaptive conservation strategy. The study concludes by emphasizing the urgent need to recognize and support indigenous communities as ecosystem guardians, highlighting the potential of this community-based conservation model as a comprehensive reference for similar programs, while acknowledging the unique socio-ecological characteristics of each region.
The Role of Instagram as an Agent for Socialization in Integrated Islamic School at SMP IT Abu Bakar Yogyakarta: A Netnography Study
In the digital era, social media platforms have become essential tools for educational institutions to communicate, engage, and shape public perception. This study explores the role of Instagram as an agent of socialization within the context of an Integrated Islamic School, specifically SMP IT Abu Bakar Yogyakarta. This type of research is descriptive-qualitative using a netnography approach. This research analyzes the visual and textual content posted on the school’s Instagram account, along with user interactions such as comments and likes, to understand how values, identity, and community norms are constructed and transmitted in a digital space. Findings indicate that Instagram functions beyond mere promotion; it actively contributes to the process of value internalization among students, parents, and prospective stakeholders. The platform serves as a medium for reinforcing Islamic identity, showcasing school culture, and facilitating participatory engagement that reflects the broader educational mission of the institution. Through curated content and interactive features, the school extends its influence into the digital realm, transforming Instagram into a space of informal yet meaningful socialization. This study highlights the evolving role of social media in contemporary Islamic education and emphasizes the need for intentional and value-driven digital communication strategies. It also presents a novel application of netnography in analyzing religious educational contexts, contributing to the understanding of how traditional institutions adapt to digital environments while maintaining their ideological foundations.
Gawe Mensajiq: Socio-Religious Values and the Preservation of the Tradition
Socio-religious values in a tradition play an important role in people's lives providing insight into the impact of globalization on cultural values in society. Although the existing literature mostly discusses various socio-cultural values in Indonesia, this article specifically focuses on the socio-religious values embedded in the gawe mensajiq tradition which is celebrated in the bale beleq (traditional house) geding kedaton by the people of Sukadana Village, Terara District, East Lombok Regency, and how this tradition is preserved. Using qualitative approach, this study was conducted in Sukadana Village, Terara District, East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews and documentation. There are five informants involved in this study, consisting of two bale beleq traditional leaders, another two religious leaders, and a number of members of the local community. The results showed the identification of socio-religious values in the celebration of the gawe mensajiq tradition in the geding kedaton traditional house accompanied by an analysis of its development in the digital era and efforts to preserve this cultural heritage. Some of the socio-religious values inherent in the mensajiq tradition include piety, ethics and morality, purity, cooperation, material values, communal spirit, fostering relationships, tolerance, honor and responsibility. The tradition of gawe mensajiq in the Sukadana Village community has become a cultural practice that is rooted and embraced by residents. This tradition is considered a heritage that has been passed down from generation to generation thus fostering pride in the Sukadana community. The people of Sukadana consider gawe mensajiq to have positive values thus motivating them to continue to preserve this cultural tradition.
Copyright (c) 2024 ETNOSIA : Jurnal Etnografi Indonesia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Connection of Klenteng Talang with Tan Eng Hoat and Tan Sam Tjai and Its Role in the History of the Cirebon Kingdom in Chinese Records
Many people's ignore two Chinese Muslim figures (Tan Eng Hoat and Tan Sam Tjai) and their relationship with the Klenteng Talang is because there are not many local ancient texts that contain them or tell about them. The only text that contains the existence of these two figures and their relationship with the Klenteng Talang is the Klenteng Talang China News. To be able to reveal again the two figures mentioned above and the Klenteng Talang, we need to look again at the Chinese news about the Klenteng Talang, Cirebon. This research aims to re-reveal the role of Tan Eng Hoat and Tan Sam Tjai in the history of the Cirebon Kingdom based on the Chinese news of Klenteng Talang and its current relationship with the Chinese temple in Cirebon. Using intertextual approach with historical method was used in four stages of work, namely heuristic, criticism, interpretation, and historiography to the writings of the Chinese News text of Klenteng Talang. Our informants consists of care takers of Klenteng Talang and official of Harbourmaster and Port Authority Office in Muara Jati. The findings indicate that there is an influence of Chinese Muslims in the history of Cirebon, one of the archaeological remains of which is the Klenteng Talang building in Cirebon. Klenteng Talang, Tan Eng Hoat, and Tan Sam Tjai had a very close relationship in the history of the Cirebon Kingdom in the Chinese news about the Chinese Temple. Although Tan Eng Hoat and Tan Sam Tjai were Muslims who converted to Confucianism, their relationship with Klenteng Talang cannot be ignored. Tan Eng Hoat played a significant role in the early establishment of the Cirebon Kingdom. Even the idea of establishing the Cirebon Kingdom came from Tan Eng Hoat, who conveyed it to Sunan Gunung Jati. Tan Sam Tjai, who was younger than Tan Eng Hoat, also played a significant role in helping to finance the Islamic kingdom of Cirebon until the end of his life, in spite of the fact he left Islam.
The Role of Art Conservation in Preserving the Cultural Value of Seven Busts in the Plaza of the Faculty of Fine Arts, ISI Yogyakarta
The seven busts in the plaza of the Faculty of Fine Arts ISI Yogyakarta are monuments honoring the contributions of the predecessors. The seven statues hold significant cultural value within the ISI Yogyakarta community and its surroundings. However, the condition of the seven statues is currently concerning because their existence is threatened by various destructive agents. If they do not receive immediate conservation treatment, it is feared that physical damage will affect the decline in the cultural value of the statues. This research aims to explore the role of art conservation in preserving the cultural value of seven busts in the Plaza of the Faculty of Fine Arts at ISI Yogyakarta. This study focuses on the seven busts in the Plaza of the Faculty of Fine Arts at ISI Yogyakarta, with considerations of relevance, cultural significance, and accessibility as the basis for object selection. Qualitative research methods were used to understand the role of art conservation in preserving the cultural value of the seven busts, with data collection through structured interviews, field observations, and literature studies. Data analysis was conducted systematically to uncover findings related to the cultural significance and the meaning of art conservation of the research objects. The results of the observation show that the physical damage occurring not only threatens the visual beauty of the statue but also has the potential to diminish the symbolic meaning possessed by each statue. The findings of this research highlight the importance of immediate conservation actions to preserve the physical form of the statues. Conservation is not only necessary to maintain the physical condition but also to preserve the cultural significance contained in the seven busts. Based on the findings of this research, strategic steps are needed regarding the preservation of the seven busts.
The Development of Creative Industry in the Javanese Leather Puppet Performance
Leather puppets performances have been carried out for generations in Pandanan Village, Klaten Regency as a ritual to repel disease outbreaks. Regular performances are held every month of Sura, but leather puppet performance ia also held every Friday Pon night. Local people are involved as ritual performers, spectators, and traders in the leather puppet performance. Along with suggestion of UNESCO to develop economy based on local culture, the leather puppets performance is developed in any creative industries. This study aims to explore leather puppet performance and the strategies for vitalizing the potential of leather puppets into the creative industry. Using qualitative approach, this study was conducted in Padanan village, Kabupaten Klaten, Central Java, Indonesia. Data collection methods include observation and interview. Those who participated in this study consists of village head, local figures, dalang (puppeter), pengrawit (gamelan players), souvenir sellers, and spectators. The result shows that leather puppets performance that has changed their function from ritual tradition to repel disease outbreaks into tradition to “asking blessed” by the puppeters (dalang), and finally it turns to traditional performance that brings not only culture entertainment but also creating market economy. This situation is potential to develop creative economy based on local culture by developing creative industries as stated by UNESCO in order to enhance local economy.
Cultural Strategy of Jaranan Arts in the Midst of Modernization: Portrait of Jaranan Okta Putri Kencono in Surabaya City
Jaranan as the traditional heritage of the people of East Java, Surabaya faces great challenges due to urbanization and globalization. The Jaranan Okta Putri Kencono group, although new, managed to survive in the midst of social changes and competition with other art groups. This study examines the cultural strategies applied by this group to adapt to modernization. This research reveals how technological and social adaptations are applied in maintaining the existence of traditional arts amid declining interest in modern entertainment. This qualitative research examines Okta Putri Kencono cultural strategy in adapting to modernization in Surabaya. The study was conducted in Lakarsantri and Wiyung, Surabaya which were chosen because of their relevance to the group's origins and appearance. We triangulated between observation, interview, and documentation as our data collection methods. Interview was conducted with various members of the Okta Putri Kencono group, consisting of consists of the founder, leader, and bopo; bopo senior; and sound system administrator.The study show that three phases faced by Jaranan Okta Putri Kencono group are mythical phase, ontological phase, and functionalist phase. In the mystical phase, Jaranan still maintains spiritual rituals such as offerings as a tribute to ancestors. The ontological phase is characterized by the reinterpretation of traditional values to answer the challenges of modern society, including adaptation to performance elements without leaving traditional identities. Meanwhile, the functionalist phase adapts to modernization, Okta Putri Kencono integrates modern elements, such as audiovisual technology, updated story themes, and collaborations with young artists and creative communities. In essence, the Jaranan Okta Putri Kencono group has successfully navigated the challenges of modernity while preserving its rich cultural heritage. By adapting to changing times, the group ensures the continued vitality of the Jaranan tradition for future generations.
Redefining the Philosophy of Mikul Dhuwur Mendhem Jero in Elderly Care in Rural Java
Modernization has shifted the meaning of the philosophy of mikul dhuwur mendhem jero or filial piety of children caring for parents or the elderly in rural Java. Changes in family structure have led to fewer children being able to care for their parents, although the value of filial piety remains in the hearts of children. It is important to explore the shift in meaning in local wisdom-based elderly care mechanisms in the context of modernization. This article aims to describe the importance of redefining the Javanese philosophy of parental care due to changes in family structure and relationship patterns. The research used qualitative approach. The study was conducted in Bantul, Yogyakarta between May and July 2023. There eight informants involve in this study who are either elderly or caregivers. Data was collected using in-depth interview and observation. The findings show that even though there are four pattern of elderly care (family care, paid care, self-care, and social care), family care is still favor by members of the family. Material becomes a benchmark for the level of devotion to parents that they recognize together, and the role of social mechanisms is still running well, although limited. The level of filial piety of children to their parents is reflected in the quality of care and how well they pay attention. This research emphasizes the adaptation of traditional values to modern realities while maintaining the essence of children's filial responsibilities in the Javanese cultural context.
Expressing Sexuality: Case Studies of Female Students in Yogyakarta
This article explores the shifting meaning of sexuality among urban adolescents, particularly females, highlighting a trend towards the desacralization of intimate relationships. This issue is critical as it reflects the broader transformation of social values and cultural norms influenced by globalization, social media, and gender awareness. In addition, this study also responds to the lack of studies that address lifestyle and prostitution in a more reflective and anthropological manner. Using a qualitative approach, this research was conducted in Yogyakarta involving five female university students and who are also prostitutes. Data was collected by conducting observations and conducting in-depth interviews. The main findings show that social media and pop culture play an important role in accelerating the desacralization of sexuality, while traumatic experiences contribute to risky sexual behavior. This study concludes that the desacralization of sexuality among adolescents is influenced by bad sexual experiences, and that social media and pop culture encourage more permissive sexual expressions, shifting meanings of sexuality among adolescents have shaped more flexible perceptions of sexuality. The study recommends developing sexual education policies that are inclusive and responsive to changing social norms, as well as raising awareness of the long-term impact of sexual trauma on adolescents.
Orang NTT: Diaspora Communities and Multiculturalism in Bali
The cultural interaction of Orang NTT with local communities in Bali has implications for forming a multicultural society. Although there have been previous studies on migration and ethnicity, few have examined East Nusa Tenggara ethnicity in the Bali region. This research aims to understand the cultural interaction between Orang NTT and local communities in Bali and how they contribute to the social harmony and the formation of a multicultural society in Bali. This qualitative research was conducted in Denpasar City (the center of the government) and Badung Regency (the center of tourism) in Bali. I combined observation and in-depth interviews as my data collection methods. Ten informants were interviewed: seven Orang NTT, two Balinese, two Flobamora community leaders, a Christian religious leader, and an entrepreneur. The study shows that push and pull factors influence how Orang NTT migrate to Bali. While the push factors include the economic and educational conditions in NTT and the attractiveness offered by Bali as a destination for NTT migration; pull factors comprise better economic opportunities, better access to education, and better life opportunities. In addition, Orang NTT in Bali plays an important role in strengthening cultural diversity and social harmony in the local community. These findings have important implications for society's understanding of social integration and how minority groups contribute to forming a harmonious multicultural society. The study contributes to the understanding on how Orang NTT migrate from the eastern region to Bali, while providing new insights into how social and cultural interactions can shape multicultural identity in a region. This can serve as a basis for the development of local policies related to diversity and as a reference for studies on diaspora and the formation of multicultural communities in other regions.
The Variety of Lengger Banyumas’ Performances
This article aims to center on the variety of styles of lengger - a traditional art found in Banyumas, Central Java, Indonesia. The article offers a new approach towards understanding lengger by indicating the development that underwent in the performance structure. The study was conducted in Banyumas, Central Java, Indonesia for the period of over a year, between 2022 and early 2024. Using qualitative approach, this study is aimed to explore the variety of the dance practiced by local actors. By using qualitative approach, data was collected using in-depth and semi-structured interviews and participatory observation. There are 13 participants that participated in this study, consisting of local figures engaged in various lengger activities, such as dancers, teachers, and owners of dance studios. The study indicates that lengger evolved greatly in terms of its dance performance. In order to demonstrate this, I use “dance fragments” – a specific moments of performance, time and space to indicate the development of the art’s structure, based on personal etnographic study. Nine varieties of lengger were identified – lengger klasik, lengger barangan, lengger resmi, lengger muslimah, lengger garapan, lengger calung barasai, lengger selingan, lengger campursari, and lengger modern. Pointing out the various styles of lengger helps further understand the cultural processes and current trends of the society in Banyumas. Having these changes in its structure where dominant trends overshadow the traditional understanding is a way of keeping the art alive, while lengger’s peaceful cohabitation with other arts speaks about the tolerant nature of people in Banyumas.
The Role of Craftsmen Group in Increasing Potential Tourism of Paksebali Village
By exploiting the potential of art and culture that exists in Paksebali Village, this can be a prominent and sustainable tourist destination. The synergy between the craftsmen group and the tourism sector will not only boost the local economy, but also ensure that this rich cultural heritage is preserved and appreciated by future generations. Innovation in craft products that combines local cultural elements with modern trends. While previous research mostly deals with Although previous research mostly discussed the tourism potential in Paksebali Village, this article focuses on craftsmen who can create various types of products that are attractive to tourists, such as Endek Cloth Weaving Craft, Tedung, Prada Bludru Craft, Lontek Craft, Gambelan Bali Craft, Topeng Bali Craft. This diversification helps attract tourists who have a variety of preferences. This qualitative research was conducted in Paksebali village, Dawan Subdistrict, Klungkung Regency, Bali. Data was collected using the combination between in-depth interview and observations. The informants who participated in this research are craftsmen in Paksebali village, as my case studies. The findings show that through synergies between the craftsmen group and the tourism sector, there is a mutually beneficial exchange of value. Tourists gain experience and quality products, while the craftsmen gain the opportunity to increase their income and expand their market. In addition to economic benefits, these collaborations also have an impact on the preservation of local culture. Craftsmen products often reflect the history, tradition, and identity of a region. With increasing tourist interest in these products, the group of craftsmen is encouraged to continue to preserve and develop their expertise. Craftsmen in Paksebali Village can help increase the village's attractiveness as a tourist destination, while maintaining and preserving local cultural heritage. It is recommended that Craftsmen in Paksebali Village is expected to improve quality and innovation in craft products, setting up a craft centre or gallery, working with tourism agencies, conducting digital marketing and promotion, improving the packaging of craft products to make them more attractive, actively participating in exhibitions and festivals as well as cultural preservation and education.
Adaptation of Farmers in Bengawan Solo Watershed in Facing Climate Change
Currently, climate change poses a threat to agriculture, including in the Bengawan Solo watershed. This study aims to explore farmers' perceptions of climate change and understand the adaptations they undertake. The study was conducted in Mejuwet Village, Sumberrejo Subdistrict, Bojonegoro Regency, using qualitative. This study involved six informants, consisting of three farmers and three farm laborers. The selection of informants was based on the criterion of having more than ten years of experience in farming. Data was collected using in-depth interview and observation. Subsequently, the data were analyzed using an interactive model. The study indicates that farmers have knowledge of and can articulate the climate changes they have encountered, albeit with some limitations in understanding, and they actively participate in adaptation efforts. Farmer adaptation encompasses technical modifications like establishing planting schedules and methods, and choosing high-quality varieties. Cultural adaptation encompasses traditions like the wiwitan ceremony. Social adaptation involves using social connections and prioritizing investments in children's schooling. Lastly, economic adaptation involves broadening job opportunities and liquidating assets.