The Significance Relationship between Palynomorph Fossil Preservation and Grain Size in Rock: Case Study of Walat and Batuasih Formations, Sukabumi, West Java
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20956/geocelebes.v7i1.22746Keywords:
Batuasih Formation, Grain Size, Palynomorph, Relationship, Walat FormationAbstract
Palynomorph is dust-sized material that is resistant to acids and can be preserved as fossils in sedimentary rocks. Fossil content in rocks is very diverse which is influenced by various factors, one of this factors is the texture of rock in form of grain size. The Walat and Batuasih Formations are sedimentary rock formations that have variety of grain sizes. This research aims to examine relationship or correlation between grain size and palynomorph preservation in rocks with case studies in the Walat and Batuasih Formations. 42 samples were taken from measured stratigraphic section and analyzed both grain size and palynomorph content. Statistical analysis with Normality Test using Shapiro Wilk and Liliefors; Homogeneity Test using Levene Test; and Non-Parametric Associative Test using Spearman Rank was conducted to see the relationship of these variables. Result, the Walat and Batuasih Formations have conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone and coal lithologies with quite variety of palynomorphs. Statistical results show that all variables have data that are not normally distributed with tendency to be non-homogeneous. Moreover, it was found that the grain size of rock had significant effect on the preservation of palynomorphs in the rock. Clay grains has positive correlation of 0.613 and sand grains has negative correlation of -0.653. This shows that the finer the grain size, the more effective the preservation of palynomorphs is.Downloads
References
Batten, D.J. (1974). Wealden Palaeoecology from the Distribution of Plant Fossils. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 85(4), 433–458. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7878(74)80068-4
Bellian, J.A., Kerans, C., & Jennette, D.C. (2005). Digital Outcorp Models: Applications of Terrestrial Scanning Lidar Technology in Stratigraphic Modeling. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 75(2), 166–176. https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2005.013
Blott, S.J. & Pye, K. (2006). Particle size distribution analysis of sand-sized particles by laser diffraction: an experimental investigation of instrument sensitivity and the effects of particle shape. Sedimentology, 53(3), 671–685. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00786.x
Campbell, I.D. (1999). Quaternary pollen taphonomy: examples of differential redeposition and differential preservation. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 149(1-4), 245–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00204-1
Clements, B. (2007). Cretaceous to Late Miocene Stratigraphic and Tectonic Evolution of West Java. Proceedings Indonesian Petroleum Association Thirty-First Annual Convention and Exhibition (pp.1-18). American Association of Petroleum Geologists.
Dashtgard, S.E., Gingras, M.K., & Pemberton, S.G. (2008). Grain-size controls on the occurrence of bioturbation. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 257(1-2), 224–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.10.024
Delcourt, P.A. & Delcourt, H.R. (1980). Pollen preservation and quaternary environmental history in the Southeastern United States. Palynology, 4(1), 215–231. https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.1980.9989209
Dutta, S., Hartkopf-Froder, C., Witte, K., Brocke, R., & Mann, U. (2013). Molecular characterization of fossil palynomorphs by transmission micro-FTIR spectroscopy: Implications for hydrocarbon source evaluation. International Journal of Coal Geology, 115, 13–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2013.04.003
Effendi, K. & Hermantos. (1998). Peta Geologi Lembar Bogor, Jawa skala 1:100.000. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Geologi, Bandung.
Evans, S.D., Dzaugis, P.W., Droser, M.L., & Gehling, J.G. (2020). You can get anything you want from Alice's Restaurant Bed: exceptional preservation and an unusual fossil assemblage from a newly excavated bed (Ediacara Member, Nilpena, South Australia). Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 67(6), 873–883. https://doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2018.1470110
Gardner, E.E., Walker, S.E., & Gardner, L.I. (2016). Palaeoclimate, environmental factors, and bird body size: a multivariable analysis of avian fossil preservation. Earth Science Review, 162, 177–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.07.001
Havinga, A.J. (1967). Palynology and Pollen Preservation. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 2(1-4), 81–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(67)90138-8
Hendrizan, M., Praptisih., & Putra, P.S. (2012). Depositional Environment of the Batuasih Formation on the Basis of Foraminifera Content: A Case Study in Sukabumi Region, West Java Province, Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Geology, 7(2), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.17014/ijog.v7i2.139
Hesse, M. and Zetter, R. (2007). The fossil pollen record of Araceae. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 263(1), 93–115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-006-0468-z
Holland, S.M. (2016). The non-uniformity of fossil preservation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 371, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0130
Irawan, P. (2019). Eksplorasi Air Tanah di Kampung Tajur Desa Pemagasari Kecamatan Parung Kabupaten Bogor. Jurnal Siliwangi, 5(1), 14–25.
Israwaty, I. (2013). The Separation Study of Poboya Ore Gold (Central Sulawesi) with Flotation and Sink Tehniques with TBE (Tetrabromoethane) as a Media. Jurnal Chemica, 14, 84–90.
Kurniawan, E., Syahrulyati, T., & Syaiful, M. (2016). Geologi Dan Sumberdaya Batubara Daerah Lebaktipar Dan Sekitarnya Kecamatan Cilograng Kabupaten Lebak Provinsi Banten. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik Geologi, 1(1), 1–14.
Li, Y.C., Xu, Q.H., Yang, X.L., Chen, H., & Lu, X.M. (2005). Pollen-vegetation relationship and pollen preservation on the Northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Grana, 44, 160–171. https://doi.org/10.1080/00173130500230608
Mander, L. & Punyasena, S.W. (2018). Fossil Pollen and Spores in Paleoecology. In: Croft D., Su D., Simpson S. (eds) Methods in Paleoecology. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology (pp.215-234). Springer International Publishing, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94265-0_11
Martodjojo, S. (2003). Evolusi Cekungan Bogor, Jawa Barat. Bandung: Institut Teknologi Bandung.
Praptisih, P., Kamtono, K., Putra, P., & Hendrizan, M. (2014). Karakteristik Batuan Sumber (Source Rock) Hidrokarbon pada Formasi Batuasih di daerah Sukabumi, Jawa Barat. Indonesian Journal on Geoscience, 4(3), 167–175. http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.vol4no3.20092
Rachman, R.S., Winantris., & Muljana, B. (2021). Age and Depositional Environment of Walat Formation Based on Palynological Analysis in Sukabumi Regency, West Java, Indonesia. Pakistan Journal of Geology, 5(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.2478/pjg-2021-0001
Schiller, D.M. (1991). Eocene Submarine Fan Sedimentation in Southwest Java. Proceedings Indonesian Petroleum Association 20th Annual Convention and Exhibition, 125–181. American Association of Petroleum Geologists.
Schoeninger, M.J., Moore, K.M., Murray, M.L., & Kingston, J.D. (1989). Detection of bone preservation in archaeological and fossil samples. Applied Geochemistry, 4, 281–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(89)90030-9
Schopf, J.M. (1975). Modes of Fossil Preservation. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 20, 27–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(75)90005-6
Schulte, P., Sprafke, T., Rodrigues, L., & Fitzsimmons, K.E. (2018). Are fixed grain size ratios useful proxies for loess sedimentation dynamics? Experiences from Remizovka, Kazakhstan. Aeolian Research, 31, 131–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2017.09.002
Setijadi, R., Widagdo, A., & Suedy, S.W.A. (2011). Climate Change Bioprediction Method used Pollen and Spore Fossil at Pliocene Age in Banyumas. Dinamika Rekayasa, 7(1), 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.dr.2011.7.1.42
Suckow, A. (2013). A new database sub-system for grain-size analysis. EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, 14026.
Suedy, S.W.A., Qayim, M.I., Sabiham, S., & Setijadi, R. (2011). Biodiversitas Paleoflora Banyumas Kala Pliosen Berdasarkan Bukti Palinologi. Berkala Penelitian Hayati, 7A, 69–73.
Sugiyono. (2019). Statistika Untuk Penelitian. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Traverse, A. (2007). Paleopalynology 2nd edition. Netherlands: Springer.
Vernal, A.D. (2015). Palynology (Pollen, Spore, etc.). Encyclopedia of Marine Geosciences, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6644-0_87-1
Wentworth, C.K. (1922). A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments. The Journal of Geology, 30(5), 377–392. https://doi.org/10.1086/622910
Wibowo, U.P. & Kapid, R. (2014). Biostratigrafi Nannoplankton Daerah Rajamandala. Jurnal Geologi Sumber Daya Mineral, 15(4), 185–194. https://doi.org/10.33332/jgsm.geologi.v15i4.57
Winantris., Syafri, I., & Rahardjo, A.T. (2012). Oncosperma Tigillarium Merupakan Bagian Palino Karakter Delta Plain di Delta Mahakam, Kalimantan. Bionatura, 14(3), 228–236.
Yasin, M., Shahzad, A., Abbasi, N., Ijaz, U., & Khattak, Z. (2017). The Use of Stratigraphic Section in Recording Quagmire of Information for the Fluvial Depositional Environment - A Worked Example in District Poonch, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Geology, 1(2), 1–2. http://doi.org/10.26480/pjg.02.2017.01.02
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
