Analysis Distribution and Deformation Changes of Mount Dukono in 2024 using the SBAS – InSAR Method
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70561/pgvy7e94Keywords:
Deformation, Magmatic uplift, Mount Dukono, SBAS-InSAR, Sentinel-1Abstract
Mount Dukono in Halmahera is one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia, with nearly continuous eruptive activity since 1933. The high frequency of these eruptions makes the dynamics of the magmatic system complex and difficult to understand through visual observation alone. This situation limits the ability to identify changes in magma pressure, which play a crucial role in volcanic disaster mitigation. Therefore, a surface deformation-based approach is needed to quantitatively represent the volcano’s internal conditions. This study employs the Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SBAS-InSAR) method using Sentinel-1 data to analyze the spatial and temporal surface deformation of Mount Dukono throughout 2024. A total of 21 Sentinel-1 images from February 2024 to January 2025 were processed to generate interferograms, unwrapped phase, cumulative deformation (LOS), and deformation time series. The SBAS-InSAR method successfully mapped surface deformation of Mount Dukono during the period from February 2024 to January 2025. The analysis results show that surface deformation ranged from approximately −30 mm to +25 mm along the line of sight (LOS), with a tendency toward uplift in the central to northeastern sectors of the volcanic edifice. Time series analysis indicates a correlation between deformation and eruption activity, where increased eruption activity tends to occur during the uplift phase of deformation. These deformation characteristics suggest changes in pressure within the magmatic system and demonstrate the potential of the SBAS-InSAR method to support the continuous monitoring of volcanic deformation at Mount Dukono.
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