Transformasi Rezim Internasional: Kasus International Whaling Commission dalam Menghentikan Perburuan Ikan Paus
Keywords:
conservation, international regime, whalingAbstract
This study analyzes why international regimes are undergoing transformation, with a study on the transformation of the International Whaling Commission (IWC) in stopping whaling. There has been a development of the focus and objectives of the IWC which has caused the IWC to transform from a whaling regulatory regime to a whale conservation regime. The theoretical foundation of Oran R. Young is used to identify the factors that lead to regime transformation, which include Internal Contradiction, Underlying Structure of Power, and Exogenous Forces. The research method used is qualitative-descriptive. Data collection techniques used literature studies obtained through organizational documents, journal articles, research results, and information from the media. The results show that the transformation of the IWC from a regime that regulates whaling to a regime of whale conservation is influenced by several things that are constantly running such as the implementation of a moratorium on commercial whaling, the dominance and influence of anti-poaching states in IWC policies, polarization of IWC membership, and pressure from environmental-based organizations.
Penelitian ini menganalisis mengapa rezim internasional mengalami transformasi, dengan studi pada transformasi International Whaling Commission (IWC) dalam menghentikan perburuan paus. Dalam perjalanannya, telah terjadi perkembangan fokus dan tujuan IWC yang menyebabkan IWC bertransformasi dari rezim pengatur perburuan paus menjadi rezim konservasi paus. Landasan teori dari Oran R. Young digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan transformasi rezim, yang meliputi kontradiksi internal, pergeseran struktur kekuasaan, dan kekuatan eksternal. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif-deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan studi kepustakaan yang diperoleh melalui dokumen organisasi, artikel jurnal, hasil penelitian, maupun informasi dari media. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transformasi IWC dari rezim yang mengatur perburuan paus menjadi rezim konservasi paus dipengaruhi oleh beberapa hal yang berjalan konstan seperti implementasi moratorium perburuan paus komersial, dominasi dan pengaruh negara anti perburuan dalam kebijakan IWC, polarisasi keanggotaan IWC, serta tekanan dari organisasi berbasis lingkungan.
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