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Abstract
To grasp the idea of international security, it is crucial to clarify the broader notion of security. A full understanding of international security can only be attained once the concept of security is comprehended. The shift in the understanding of security from the traditional approach to a more expansive one has created challenges in defining what security truly entails, resulting in it being considered as an essentially contested concept. Nevertheless, it is important not to use this disagreement as an excuse to avoid providing one's own definition. It is imperative to establish one's own conceptualization of security before delving into any work on security. This study formulates a comprehensive conceptualization of security reinstating the special role of state in security affairs that has been shadowed by the expansionist concept. The paper then applies the framework to conceptualize international security taking into consideration the unique complexities associated with the global context.
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References
- Adhikari, A. S. (2020). Viewing microorganisms through the lenses of realism. Tribhuvan University Journal, 34(Covid-19 Special Issue), 115-122. doi:https://doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v34i0.31544
- Anthony, M., & Cook, A. (2013). Non-Traditional Security in Asia: Issues, Challenges and Framework for Action. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
- Attina, F. (2016). Traditional Security Issues. In W. Son, & J. Wang, China, the European Union and the international politics of global governance (pp. 175-194). Palgrave.
- Baldwin, D. A. (1997). The concept of security. Review of International Studies(23), 5-26.
- Baylis, J. (2008). The concept of security in international relations. In H. G. Brauch, Ú. O. Spring, C. Mesjasz, J. Grin, P. Dunay, N. C. Behera, . . . P. Liotta , Globalization and Environmental Challenges: Reconceptualizing Security in the 21st Century (pp. 495-502). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
- Booth, K. (1991). Security and emancipation. Review of International Studies, 313-326.
- Booth, K. (2007). Theory of world security. In D. Mutimer, Ethics and International Affairs (pp. 429-430). Cambridge University Press.
- Buzan, B. (1983). People, States, and Fear: The National Security Problem in International Relations. University of North Carolina Press.
- Buzan, B. (1991). People, States and Fear: An Agenda for International Security Studies in the Post-cold War Era. ECPR, Colchester.
- Buzan, B., & Hansen, L. (2009). The Evolution of International Security Studies. Cambridge University Press.
- Buzan, B., Weaver, O., & Wilde, J. (1998). Security: A New Framework for Analysis. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
- Croxton, D. (1999). The peace of westphalia of 1648 and the origins of sovereignty. The International History Review, 21(3).
- Galbraith, J. (2008). Policy and security implications of the financial crisis: A plan for America. Challenge, 6-25.
- Gorne, N. (2012). Why is security an “essentially contested concept” and what ways are there to overcome this? GRIN.
- Heywood, A. (2011). Theories of global politics. In A. Heywood, Global Politics (pp. 53-82). Palgrave Macmillan.
- Jackson, R., & Sorensen, G. (2013). Introduction to international Relations: Theories and Approaches (5th ed.). Oxford University Press.
- Jolly, R., & Ray, D. B. (2006). The human security framework and national human development reports: a review of experiences and current debates. United Nations Development Programme.
- Koblentz, G. (2010). Biosecurity reconsidered : Calibrating biological threats and responses. International Security, 34(4), 96-132.
- Osisanya, S. (n.d.). National security versus global security. UN Chronicle.
- Rothschild, E. (1995). What is security? Daedalus, 124(3), 53-98.
- Sheehan, M. (2005). International security: An analytical survey. Lynne Rienner Publishers.
- Smith, S. (2002). The concept of security before and after September 11. RSIS Working Paper, 23.
- Spanish Institute of Strategic Studies. (2011). The Evolution of the Concept of Security. Ministry of Defense, Spain.
- Spring, Ú., & Brauch , H. (2008). Reconceptualizing security in the 21st Century: Conclusions for research and policy-making. In Globalization and Environmental Challenges (pp. 941–954). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
- Sunga, L. S. (2009). The Concept of Human Security: Does it Add Anything of Value to International Legal Theory or Practice? Power and Justice in International Relations Interdisciplinary Approaches to Global Challenges Power and Justice in International Relations.
- Williams, P. D. (2008). Security studies: An introduction. In P. D. Williams, Security Studies: An Introduction. Routledge.
References
Adhikari, A. S. (2020). Viewing microorganisms through the lenses of realism. Tribhuvan University Journal, 34(Covid-19 Special Issue), 115-122. doi:https://doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v34i0.31544
Anthony, M., & Cook, A. (2013). Non-Traditional Security in Asia: Issues, Challenges and Framework for Action. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Attina, F. (2016). Traditional Security Issues. In W. Son, & J. Wang, China, the European Union and the international politics of global governance (pp. 175-194). Palgrave.
Baldwin, D. A. (1997). The concept of security. Review of International Studies(23), 5-26.
Baylis, J. (2008). The concept of security in international relations. In H. G. Brauch, Ú. O. Spring, C. Mesjasz, J. Grin, P. Dunay, N. C. Behera, . . . P. Liotta , Globalization and Environmental Challenges: Reconceptualizing Security in the 21st Century (pp. 495-502). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
Booth, K. (1991). Security and emancipation. Review of International Studies, 313-326.
Booth, K. (2007). Theory of world security. In D. Mutimer, Ethics and International Affairs (pp. 429-430). Cambridge University Press.
Buzan, B. (1983). People, States, and Fear: The National Security Problem in International Relations. University of North Carolina Press.
Buzan, B. (1991). People, States and Fear: An Agenda for International Security Studies in the Post-cold War Era. ECPR, Colchester.
Buzan, B., & Hansen, L. (2009). The Evolution of International Security Studies. Cambridge University Press.
Buzan, B., Weaver, O., & Wilde, J. (1998). Security: A New Framework for Analysis. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
Croxton, D. (1999). The peace of westphalia of 1648 and the origins of sovereignty. The International History Review, 21(3).
Galbraith, J. (2008). Policy and security implications of the financial crisis: A plan for America. Challenge, 6-25.
Gorne, N. (2012). Why is security an “essentially contested concept” and what ways are there to overcome this? GRIN.
Heywood, A. (2011). Theories of global politics. In A. Heywood, Global Politics (pp. 53-82). Palgrave Macmillan.
Jackson, R., & Sorensen, G. (2013). Introduction to international Relations: Theories and Approaches (5th ed.). Oxford University Press.
Jolly, R., & Ray, D. B. (2006). The human security framework and national human development reports: a review of experiences and current debates. United Nations Development Programme.
Koblentz, G. (2010). Biosecurity reconsidered : Calibrating biological threats and responses. International Security, 34(4), 96-132.
Osisanya, S. (n.d.). National security versus global security. UN Chronicle.
Rothschild, E. (1995). What is security? Daedalus, 124(3), 53-98.
Sheehan, M. (2005). International security: An analytical survey. Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Smith, S. (2002). The concept of security before and after September 11. RSIS Working Paper, 23.
Spanish Institute of Strategic Studies. (2011). The Evolution of the Concept of Security. Ministry of Defense, Spain.
Spring, Ú., & Brauch , H. (2008). Reconceptualizing security in the 21st Century: Conclusions for research and policy-making. In Globalization and Environmental Challenges (pp. 941–954). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
Sunga, L. S. (2009). The Concept of Human Security: Does it Add Anything of Value to International Legal Theory or Practice? Power and Justice in International Relations Interdisciplinary Approaches to Global Challenges Power and Justice in International Relations.
Williams, P. D. (2008). Security studies: An introduction. In P. D. Williams, Security Studies: An Introduction. Routledge.