Article Sidebar

Submitted
February 6, 2026
Accepted
July 29, 2026
Published
August 3, 2026
Download
pdf
Statistic
Read Counter : 0 Download : 0

Main Article Content

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the role of Indonesian parliamentary diplomacy through the Indonesian House of Representatives' Special Committee on Foreign Affairs (BKSAP) in advocating for the Palestinian issue during the 2023–2024 period, especially after the escalation of violence in Gaza following October 7, 2023. Using qualitative methods with a document study approach, interviews, and analysis of BKSAP activities in multilateral and bilateral forums, this study examines Indonesia's strategies in the IPU, APA, and PUIC, as well as bilateral coordination through the Indonesia–Palestine GKSB. The results show that BKSAP played a strategic role by pushing for an emergency item at the IPU, forming the APA Committee on Palestine, and leading strong advocacy at the PUIC until it was elected as the 19th President of the PUIC. At the bilateral level, BKSAP strengthened communication with the PLO/PNC and developed humanitarian cooperation. These findings confirm that Indonesian parliamentary diplomacy has evolved from a symbolic role to become a substantive, flexible, and influential advocacy actor in international humanitarian issues.

Keywords

Parliamentary Diplomacy Indonesia–Palestine GKSB Gaza Conflict Humanitarian Advocacy Indonesian Foreign Policy

Article Details

References

  1. Asian Parliamentary Assembly . (2022). Resolutions adopted by the APA plenary sessions. APA Secretariat. From https://www.asianparliamentaryassembly.org/
  2. Asian Parliamentary Assembly. (2024). Political committee draft resolutions. APA Secretariat. From https://www.asianparliamentaryassembly.org/
  3. Adiputri. (2025). Interpreting multilateral diplomacy in the Indonesian parliament: Parliamentary diplomacy practices of DPR RI. International Relations. Advance online publication. From https://doi.org/10.1080/02606755.2024.2380551
  4. AIPA. (2023). ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly annual report. AIPA Secretariat. From https://www.aipasecretariat.org/
  5. Al Jazeera English. (2023). Indonesia calls for end to occupation in support of Palestine. From Al Jazeera: https://www.google.com/search?q=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/12/indonesia-calls-for-end-to-occupation-in-support-of-palestine
  6. Antara News. (2025). Indonesia to host 19th session of PUIC on May 12–15. Antara News. Antara News.
  7. Archer, C. (1992). International organizations (2nd ed.). Routledge.
  8. ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly Secretariat. (n.d.). AIPA eBooks library. From https://aipasecretariat.org/books-2/
  9. ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly Secretariat . (2023). Proactive parliamentary diplomacy: AIPA booklet. AIPA Secretariat. From https://www.aipasecretariat.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Proactive-Parliamentary-Diplomacy-ASEP11-EN.pdf
  10. Asian Parliamentary Assembly. (n.d.). 2006. Charter of the Asian Parliamentary Assembly. APA Secretariat. From https://www.asianparliamentaryassembly.org/
  11. Asian Parliamentary Assembly. (n.d.). 2006. Rules of procedure of the Asian Parliamentary Assembly. APA Secretariat. From https://www.google.com/search?q=https://www.asianparliamentaryassembly.org/
  12. Asian Parliamentary Assembly. (2021). Annual report of the Asian Parliamentary Assembly. APA SECRETARIAT. From https://www.asianparliamentaryassembly.org/
  13. Asian Parliamentary Assembly. (2023). Political committee draft resolutions. APA Secretariat. From https://www.asianparliamentaryassembly.org/
  14. Asian Parliamentary Assembly. (2024). Final communiqué of the APA plenary session. APA Secretariat. From https://www.google.com/search?q=https://www.asianparliamentaryassembly.org/
  15. Badan Kerja Sama Antar Parlemen (BKSAP). (2023). Laporan kinerja Badan Kerja Sama Antar-Parlemen DPR RI tahun 2023. Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia. From DPR RI: https://www.google.com/search?q=https://www.dpr.go.id/akd/bksap/publikasi
  16. Badan Kerja Sama Antar Parlemen (BKSAP). (2023). Laporan partisipasi DPR RI dalam Sidang Umum ke-44 AIPA Tahun 2023. Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia. From DPR RI: https://berkas.dpr.go.id/akd/dokumen/bksap-16-fa1788f392b2e84d376533cc317e1d0f.pdf
  17. Badan Kerja Sama Antar Parlemen (BKSAP). (n.d.). Laporan kegiatan BKSAP DPR RI: Parliamentary Forum in the Context of the 144th IPU Assembly. From DPR RI: https://berkas.dpr.go.id/akd/dokumen/BKSAP-9-0e7fe7870e6d1a1cb42fbe6776c52001.pdf
  18. CIDISS. (2025). 19th PUIC officially concludes: OIC parliaments adopt Jakarta declaration for global peace.
  19. DPR RI. (2021). Peraturan DPR RI Nomor 1 Tahun 2020 tentang Tata Tertib DPR RI. From https://www.google.com/search?q=https://www.dpr.go.id/arsip/dokumen/document/4249/PERATURAN%2520DPR%2520RI%2520NOMOR%25201%2520TAHUN%25202020.pdf
  20. DPR RI. (2021, MEI). PUSAT PENLITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN DPR RI. From DPR.GO.ID: https://berkas.dpr.go.id/pusaka/files/info_singkat/Info%20Singkat-XIII-10-II-P3DI-Mei-2021-183.pdf
  21. DPR RI. (2022). Profil dan struktur DPR RI periode 2019–2024. Sekretariat Jenderal DPR RI. From https://www.google.com/search?q=https://www.dpr.go.id/tentang/profil
  22. DPR RI. (2023). Pernyataan Ketua DPR RI dalam Sidang Umum AIPA ke-44 Tahun 2023. . From https://www.google.com/search?q=https://www.dpr.go.id/berita/view/2023/08/09/20888/ketua-dpr-ri-tekankan-solidaritas-regional-dan-global-di-aipa
  23. DPR RI. (2023). Badan Kerja Sama Antar Parlemen (BKSAP). From DPR.GO.ID: https://berkas.dpr.go.id/akd/dokumen/BKSAP-9-0e7fe7870e6d1a1cb42fbe6776c52001.pdf
  24. Espranza, F., & Sukri, S. (2023). Kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia dalam mendukung upaya kemerdekaan Palestina. Jurnal Kajian Hubungan Internasional, 9(2), 89–105. From https://jurnal.unwahas.ac.id/JKHI/article/view/10192
  25. Firdaus, M. B., & Kresnawati, M. A. (2023). Indonesia Parliamentary Diplomacy: The Leadership of House Representatives Republic of Indonesia in ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly (AIPA) 2011-2012. WIMAYA, 2(02), 39–47. doi:https://doi.org/10.33005/wimaya.v2i02.50
  26. Ghofur, H. (2023). Strategi diplomasi Indonesia dalam memperjuangkan kemerdekaan Palestina. E3S Web of Conferences, 388, 02112. E3S Web of Conferences,.
  27. Hartanto. (2023). Strategi diplomasi Indonesia di era Joko Widodo dalam upaya memperjuangkan kemerdekaan Palestina. Lantip. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ekonomi Universitas Respati Yogyakarta, 6(2), 70–82. From https://lantip.respati.ac.id/index.php/LANTIP/article/view/43
  28. Holsti, K. J. (1970). National role conceptions in the study of foreign policy. International Studies Quarterly, 14(3), 233–309.
  29. Hukumonline. (2023). Tugas dan fungsi DPR dalam sistem ketatanegaraan Indonesia. . From https://www.google.com/search?q=https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/detail/ulasan/lt549c6691458be/tugas-dan-fungsi-dpr-dalam-sistem-ketatanegaraan-indonesia/
  30. Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU). (2023). Report of the 147th Inter-Parliamentary Union Assembly, Luanda, Angola. From IPU Secretariat: https://www.google.com/search?q=https://www.ipu.org/event/147th-assembly-and-related-meetings-luanda
  31. Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia. (2023). Diplomasi Indonesia untuk Palestina. . From https://kemlu.go.id/
  32. Kompas.com. (2023). DPR RI tekankan dukungan terhadap Palestina dalam forum internasional. From https://www.kompas.com/global/read/
  33. Muhamad, S. V. (2016). Harapan atas Peran ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly (AIPA). Kajian, 19(1).
  34. Nugroho, A. (2021). Diplomasi Parlemen sebagai Instrumen Soft Power Indonesia. Jurnal Hubungan Internasional, 9(2), 101–118. From https://www.google.com/search?q=https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/jhi/article/view/28001
  35. Parliamentary Union of the OIC Member States (PUIC). (2023). PUIC history in brief. From https://en.puic.org/
  36. Parliamentary Union of the OIC Member States (PUIC). . (2023). Report of the 49th Executive Committee of the Parliamentary Union of OIC Member States. PUIC Secretariat. From https://en.puic.org/
  37. PUIC. (2023). Amended Statute of the Parliamentary Union of the OIC Member States. From PUIC: https://en.puic.org/news/618
  38. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan DPR RI. (2021). Diplomasi parlemen Indonesia dalam memperjuangkan kemerdekaan Palestina (Info Singkat Vol. XIII, No. 10/II/P3DI/Mei/2021). Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia. From DPR RI: https://berkas.dpr.go.id/pusaka/files/info_singkat/Info%20Singkat-XIII-10-II-P3DI-Mei-2021-183.pdf
  39. Rachmawati, D. (n.d.). Peran diplomasi parlemen dalam politik luar negeri Indonesia. . Gadjah Mada University Press.
  40. Ridwan, M. A. (2022). Parliamentary diplomacy and external relations: DPR RI’s engagement in AIPA [Working paper]. UMM Scientific Journals. From https://www.google.com/search?q=http://eprints.umm.ac.id/84441/
  41. Setiawan, I., & Nainggolan , R. M. (2023). Eskalasi konflik Palestina-Israel tahun 2023: Perspektif kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia. Jurnal Hubungan Internasional, 15(3), 112–130. From https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JHI/article/view/52392
  42. Stavridis, S. (2019). Parliamentary diplomacy in the 21st century. Routledge.
  43. Stavridis, S., & Irrera, D. (2013). Participation without democratization: The ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly (AIPA) and ASEAN’s regional corporatism. The European Parliament and its international relations. Routledge.
  44. Stavridis, S., & Jancic, D. (2017). Parliamentary diplomacy in European and global governance. Brill
  45. Syauqiyah, F., Asma'a, Akim, A., & Abdirrohman, I. (2023). Diplomasi parlemen Indonesia: Kepemimpinan DPR RI dalam The 44th AIPA General Assembly 2023. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik, 2(4), 55–68. From https://dinastirev.org/JIHHP/article/view/3528
  46. The ASEAN Magazine. (2020). Parliamentary diplomacy for a cohesive and responsive ASEAN. From https://theaseanmagazine.asean.org/article/parliamentary-diplomacy-for-a-cohesive-and-responsive-asean-2/
  47. UIA Yearbook. (2023). Parliamentary Union of the OIC Member States (PUIC) profile. From Union of International Associations: https://uia.org/yearbook
  48. Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. (1945). From https://www.google.com/search?q=https://www.mkri.id/public/content/upload/regulasi/UUD1945.pdf
  49. United Nations. (2023). General Assembly votes on Palestinian statehood (GA/12555). From https://press.un.org/en/2023/ga12555.doc.htm
  50. Wahyuni, S. (2022). Indonesia dan isu Palestina: Diplomasi moral dalam politik luar negeri. Jurnal Politik Global, 11(1), 25–40.
  51. Yunita. (2021). Peran diplomai indonesia dalam konflik palestina - israel tahun 2021. Jurnal bina bangsa, 35-49.
  52. Diamond, L., & McDonald, J. W. (1996). Multi-track diplomacy: A guide to conflict resolution. Kumarian Press.
  53. Diplomasi Indonesia dalam mendukung kemerdekaan Palestina pasca dua negara (two-state solution). (2023). Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Peradaban. https://repository.peradaban.ac.id
  54. Fadhlurrahman, M. I. (2022). Diplomasi parlemen Indonesia dalam menolak rencana aneksasi Israel atas Palestina pada tahun 2020 (Undergraduate thesis, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta). https://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/handle/123456789/71423
  55. Faqihurrohman. (2023). Peran diplomasi Indonesia terhadap kemerdekaan Palestina pasca usulan two-state solution berdasarkan Resolusi PBB No. 181 (Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Peradaban). https://repository.peradaban.ac.id/1348/
  56. Febrianti, C., & Prihatini, E. S. (2023). Parliamentary diplomacy in supporting Palestinian independence: Evidence from Indonesia. E3S Web of Conferences, 388, 02112. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338802112
  57. Galtung, J. (1996). Peace by peaceful means: Peace and conflict, development and civilization. SAGE Publications.
  58. Hamka Ilmu Politik, dkk. (2024). Diplomasi kemanusiaan Muhammadiyah di Gaza Palestina. Dalam Prosiding Seminar Nasional (Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta). https://jurnal.umj.ac.id/index.php/semnaslit/article/view/24928
  59. Human Rights Watch. (2024). World report 2024: Israel/Palestine. https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2024/country-chapters/israel-palestine
  60. Muhamad, M. S. V. (2024). DPR RI dan isu Palestina: Diplomasi antarparlemen. Jurnal Kajian, 29(1). https://jurnal.dpr.go.id/index.php/kajian/article/view/549
  61. Mudore, S. B. (2019). Peran diplomasi Indonesia dalam konflik Israel–Palestina. CMES Journal, 12(2). https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/cmes/article/view/37891
  62. Rachman, F. D. (2022). Peran parlemen dalam implementasi kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia (Studi kasus: Diplomasi DPR RI di AIPA). Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan, 17(2).
  63. Rizqullah, F., & Aisyah. (2025). Diplomasi parlemen Indonesia dalam upaya deeskalasi konflik Israel–Palestina tahun 2023–2024. Politica: Jurnal Kajian Politik, 16(1), 75–93. https://doi.org/10.22212/jp.v16i1.4682
  64. Samad, M. Y., Widjajanto, A., & Tim. (2023). Optimizing Indonesia's digital diplomacy in the Palestine–Israel conflict. Jurnal Pertahanan, 9(3). https://jurnal.idu.ac.id/index.php/DefenseJournal/article/view/19272
  65. Shafir, G., & Peled, Y. (2023). The question of Israeli apartheid. Constellations, 30(4), 570–579. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8675.12741
  66. Syafira Adira, S. (2024). Diplomasi Indonesia dalam mendukung kemerdekaan Palestina (Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Bakrie). https://repository.bakrie.ac.id/10369/
  67. United Nations General Assembly. (2023, October 27). Resolution ES-10/22: Protection of civilians and upholding legal and humanitarian obligations (A/RES/ES-10/22). https://undocs.org/A/RES/ES-10/22
  68. Wibowo, H. A., Sumertha, I. G., & Ismadi, A. (2017). Keterlibatan pemerintah Indonesia dalam proses perdamaian konflik Israel–Palestina. Jurnal Damai dan Resolusi Konflik, 3(1). https://ojs.uma.ac.id/index.php/perspektif/article/view/9490