Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs

Penanganan Perdagangan Narkoba di Indonesia oleh UNODC Tahun 2017-2020

Eric Rolando, Renitha Dwi Hapsari — Thu, 15 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The high population in Indonesia makes it a potential market for transnational criminal groups to use Indonesia as a transit and distribution hub for drug trafficking. Given the current issues, UNODC, as an international organization specializing in addressing transnational crimes, assists Indonesia in dealing with the issue of drug trafficking. This research aims to understand the role of UNODC in tackling the problem of drug trafficking in Indonesia. The study employed a descriptive research design, and research data is obtained through library research by searching for data sources through available literature. This research is based on the theory of international organization roles according to Kelly Kate Pease, which explains that international organizations have several roles, including being problem solvers and capacity builders. The research findings show that UNODC plays a role in addressing the issue of drug trafficking in Indonesia through its role as a problem solver by formulating the Indonesia country program and alternative development programs. Meanwhile, through its role as a capacity builder, UNODC enhances the capacity of government officials, staff, and the community by treatnet family programme.

Jumlah penduduk yang tinggi di Indonesia menjadikannya pasar potensial bagi kelompok kejahatan lintas negara untuk menggunakan Indonesia sebagai pusat transit dan distribusi perdagangan narkoba. Mengingat masalah saat ini, UNODC, sebagai organisasi internasional yang mengkhususkan diri dalam mengatasi kejahatan lintas negara, membantu Indonesia dalam menghadapi masalah perdagangan narkoba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami peran UNODC dalam mengatasi masalah perdagangan narkoba di Indonesia. Studi ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif, dan data penelitian diperoleh melalui penelitian perpustakaan dengan mencari sumber data melalui literatur yang tersedia. Penelitian ini didasarkan pada teori peran organisasi internasional menurut Kelly Kate Pease, yang menjelaskan bahwa organisasi internasional memiliki beberapa peran, termasuk sebagai penyelesaian masalah (problem solver) dan pembangun kapasitas (capacity builder). Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa UNODC berperan dalam mengatasi masalah perdagangan narkoba di Indonesia melalui peran sebagai penyelesaian masalah dengan merumuskan program negara Indonesia dan program pengembangan alternatif. Sementara itu, melalui perannya sebagai pembangun kapasitas, UNODC meningkatkan kapasitas pejabat pemerintah, staf, dan masyarakat melalui program keluarga treatnet.

An Overview of Democratic Consolidation and Regression in Africa

Abdulrasheed Muhammad, Ruth Fanny-Kinge — Mon, 19 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Democratic rule in Africa has been characterized by uneasiness resulting from autocratic tendencies in some of the countries. From the 1990s and due to a host of factors, African countries began to experience new lease of democratization with high hopes which soon turned out to be an illusion arising from series of developments within and outside the continent. Against this background, this paper examines dimensions of democratic rule in Africa noting its tendencies towards consolidation and regression as it manifests in different countries as well as factors that are responsible for the observed trend. Data for the study is obtained from secondary sources through examination of copious literature on the subject and examining occurrences in different parts of the continent. It is concluded that the region experienced overall, though uneven and not substantial progress towards democratization. While some have experienced tendency towards backsliding, some others have experienced considerable growth in some of the indexes that promote democratic consolidation. On the aggregate however, the continent cannot be said to be making substantial progress towards consolidation. This may be due to a host of factors that include peculiar political environment of each country. It thus recommended that African leaders need to introduce reforms that would cut across the different facets of the continent and that will take into account the specific character of each African country rather than the adoption of a policy based on its success in a different socio-political environment.

Kekuatan Normatif Diplomasi Lingkungan Uni Eropa Dalam Conference of the Parties (COP) 26

Thu, 15 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In 1992, the United Nations convened the world's largest and most important climate- related conference, the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. During the event, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was adopted. Through the UNFCCC, countries agree to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere to prevent harmful interference from human activities in the climate system. The treaty now has 197 signatures. Since 1994, the United Nations has brought together almost every country in the world to attend the World Climate Summit (Conference of the Parties (COP)) which is usually held every year. This scientific article raises the commitment of the European Union (EU) in implementing COP 26 through environmental diplomacy analysis. This scientific article aims to identify and analyze the European Union's commitment to cooperation in COP 26 in dealing with all environmental problems. Scientific articles use qualitative research methods based on literature studies. The result of this scientific article is that the European Union conducts environmental diplomacy through COP 26 by carrying out the discussions in COP 26. The conclusion of this scientific article is that COP 26 has several objectives that must be carried out by the countries involved, including the EU.

Pada tahun 1992, PBB menyelenggarakan konferensi terkait iklim terbesar dan terpenting di dunia ialah KTT Bumi di Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Selama acara tersebut, Konvensi Kerangka Kerja PBB tentang Perubahan Iklim (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)) diadopsi. Melalui UNFCCC, negara-negara sepakat untuk menstabilkan konsentrasi gas rumah kaca di atmosfer untuk mencegah gangguan berbahaya dari aktivitas manusia di dalam sistem iklim. Perjanjian itu sekarang memiliki 197 tanda tangan. Sejak tahun 1994, PBB mempertemukan hampir setiap negara di dunia untuk menghadiri KTT Iklim Dunia (Conference of the Parties (COP)) yang biasa dilakukan di setiap tahunnya. Artikel ilmiah ini mengangkat komitmen Uni Eropa (UE) dalam melaksanakan COP 26 melalui analisis diplomasi lingkungan. Artikel ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis komitmen kerjasama Uni Eropa di dalam COP 26 di dalam penanganan perubahan iklim. Artikel ilmiah memakai metode penelitian kualitatif berdasarkan studi literatur. Hasil dari artikel ilmiah ini ialah Uni Eropa mengadakan diplomasi lingkungan melalui COP 26 dengan menjalankan bahasan-bahasan di dalam COP 26. Kesimpulan dari artikel ilmiah ini ialah COP 26 memiliki beberapa tujuan yang harus dilaksanakan oleh negara-negara yang terlibat, termasuk UE.

Eksternalisasi Konflik Internal Yaman Dalam Kerangka Analisis Internationalization of Conflict Theory

Krisman Heriamsal, Felix Broson Manurung, Rhin Khairina Rahmat — Mon, 19 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research discusses the Yemen conflict that was originally internal and then transformed into an international conflict due to the externalization process. The author sees that the increasingly complex development of the Yemen conflict was affected by the intervention of external actors in the conflict. This research aims to find out how Yemen's internal conflict transformed into an international conflict using the analytical framework of the Internationalization of Conflict Theory. Therefore, in examining the externalization of Yemen's internal conflict, the author uses the concept of escalation, with qualitative research methods. The research results show that the externalization of Yemen's internal conflict is demonstrated through the involvement of external actors such as Saudi Arabia and its coalition, the United States, Britain, France, Iran, and ISIS. In this case, the escalation of the Yemen conflict occurred because of the geographical proximity between Yemen and several countries such as Saudi Arabia, the similarity of identity or ideology between internal parties and external parties who intervened in the Yemen conflict, as well as the opportunities and interests of foreign parties in the Yemen conflict.

Penelitian ini membahas tentang konflik Yaman yang semula bersifat internal kemudian mengalami transformasi menjadi konflik internasional karena adanya proses eksternalisasi. Penulis melihat perkembangan konflik Yaman yang semakin kompleks sangat dipengaruhi oleh intervensi pihak asing dalam konflik tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui bagaimana konflik internal Yaman bertransformasi menjadi konflik internasional dengan menggunakan kerangka analisis Internationalization of conflict theory. Oleh karena itu, dalam menelaah eksternalisasi konflik internal Yaman, penulis menggunakan konsep eskalasi, dengan metode penelitian kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Eksternalisasi konflik internal Yaman ditunjukkan melalui keterlibatan aktor eksternal seperti, Arab Saudi dan koalisinya, Amerika Serikat, Inggris, Prancis, Iran, dan ISIS. Dalam hal ini, Eskalasi konflik Yaman terjadi karena adanya kedekatan secara geografis antara Yaman dengan sejumlah negara seperti Arab Saudi, adanya kesamaan identitas maupun ideologi antara pihak internal dengan pihak eksternal yang mengintervensi konflik Yaman, serta adanya peluang dan kepentingan pihak asing dalam konflik Yaman.

The Role of Non-State Actors in Establishing the Halal Ecosystem in Indonesia

Rizki Dian Nursita, Devi Adelia, Retno Septiani, Primadiani Difida Widyaputri — Sun, 25 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Amidst the global growth of the Muslim population, the need for products or services that comply with sharia law has become unavoidable. As the country with the largest Muslim population in the world, Indonesia has declared itself to become a major player in the global halal industry. This can be seen from the changes made by Indonesia in the last decade, both in policy and governance aspects to form an effective halal sector ecosystem as planned in the Indonesia Islamic Economic Masterplan 2019-2024. However, amid several policies implemented by the government, the role of non-state actors, including but not limited to large industries, business groups and MSMEs, community organizations or NGOs, and product influencers, increases and mainstreaming the halal industry in Indonesia cannot be ruled out. Based on a study of several literature related to the halal industry in Indonesia, researchers see that most of the research on the halal industry in Indonesia focuses on discussing strategy and the government as well as opportunities and challenges for Indonesia in developing the halal industry. Therefore, the study aims to discuss the role of non-state actors in forming the halal industrial ecosystem in Indonesia.

Brazil's Diplomacy Strategy in Responding to International Pressure on The Problem of Deforestation

Seniwati Seniwati, Munif Arif Ranti — Tue, 27 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research analyzes Brazil's diplomatic strategy for overcoming the problem of deforestation in the Amazon rainforest. The Amazon region is an essential part of the environment, which is a centre of biodiversity and contributes to the environment through carbon absorption. The deforestation problem that occurs in the Amazon region has a significant impact not only on Brazil but also globally. This is what underlies various international criticisms of Brazil, so it needs to be responded to diplomatically. By using qualitative methods and the concept of environmental diplomacy, this research finds that Brazil operates in four main strategies that represent the dynamics of environmental diplomacy practice. The strategy includes a commitment to achieving zero deforestation, holding meetings with Latin American countries to discuss the Amazon crisis, using the summit forum to negotiate with the United States in cooperation to overcome deforestation, and responding to trade demands from European countries that discriminate against Brazilian trade products. This response shows that basically Brazil is committed to realizing environmental preservation. However, there is a contradiction caused by Brazil's condition, which still needs to develop its economy amidst the current crisis. Therefore, the practice of environmental diplomacy is taken to become a momentum in raising awareness of the environment with the policies implemented by Brazil.