SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING BELUNTAS LEAF ( Pluchea Indica L . ) EXTRACT

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out using Beluntas (Pluchea Indica L.) leaf extract as a friendly agent, to minimize the use of harmful chemicals. Synthesis was carried out with the volume ratio of AgNO3 solution to the beluntas leaf extract of 90:1. The process of forming silver nanoparticles was studied and monitored with UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The observations showed that silver nanoparticles formed had an absorbance peak at the wavelength of about 445,5 nm with an absorbance of 3,437. The absorbance value increased with the increasing reaction time from 1 hour to 168 hours. Based on the result of testing using PSA, the average size of silver nanoparticles was 109.1 nm which is dispersed between 1,8 nm – 127,3 nm.


INTRODUCTION
Currently, research on nanoparticles is one of the most developed nanotechnology developments.Nanoparticles not just focus on how the application, but also on how to synthesize it.Nanoparticles are particles with a nanometer size, around 1-100 nm.Material with the structure of the nanoparticles are generally have different properties with the original structure (Fabiani, et. al., 2018).One of the materials synthesized as nanoparticles is silver because it can be applied in various fields of science and technology (Apriandanu, et. al., 2013).Silver also exhibits the highest electrical and thermal conductivities among all the metals (Kumar and Rani, 2013).
Silver nanoparticles have been widely used in various applications in the fields of dentistry, clothing, catalysis, mirrors, optics, photography, electronics, and the food industry (Shameli, et. al., 2012).Many chemicals are available for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, but there is concerns about the use of these chemicals because they are highly toxic materials (Terenteva, et. al., 2015).Apart from the poisoning of these chemicals, the use of these chemicals is also not effective because it can cause losses for the synthesis of nanoparticles on an industrial scale.Because of this, various methods that have been developed by experts have emerged which are named "Green Nanotechnology" plant-based as a bioreductor for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Desna et. al., 2015).It is believed that Plant extracts can act as reducing and capping agents in the synthesis of nanoparticle due to the presence of bioactive compounds (Anjum and Abbasi, 2016).
Indonesia Chimica Acta Fatimah, et.al. p-ISSN 2085-014X Vol.12. No.1, June 2019 e-ISSN 2655-6049 Methods 1. Preparation of 1 mM AgNO3 solution 1 mM AgNO3 solution was made by dissolving 0.085 grams of AgNO3 powder with double distilled water in 500 mL volumetric flask to the boundary mark and homogenized.This solution can be used directly and when it is not used, this solution is stored in the refrigerator.

Preparation of beluntas leaf extract
The part of the beluntas leaf used young leaf in fresh condition.The leaf were picked and then washed throughly with distilled water.After the leaf was cut into small pieces, 10 grams of the leaf was weighed and then boiled with 50 mL of double distilled water in a 250 mL beaker.In addition, the mixture was boiled and left for 5 minutes.After reaching room temperature, the aqueous was poured and filtered using whatmann paper no.42.The extract can then be used directly for the synthesis process.The extract of beluntas leaves was stored in the refrigerator when not in use.

Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Beluntas Leaf Extract
The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out by mixing 1 mM AgNO3 solution with the beluntas leaf extract. 1 mL of the extract was mixed into 90 mL AgNO3 solution, then stirred for 2 hours.The change in color into a brownish solution indicated that silver nanoparticles have been formed.

Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles
The silver nanoparticles was analyzed using UV-Vis spectroscopy after 1 hour, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 96 hours, and 168 hours.The solution was then centrifuged.The size of the solution sample was determined by PSA.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION Characterization of UV-VIS Spectrophotometers
In general, the formation of silver nanoparticles is characterized by a change in the color of the solution from yellow to brown over time (Desna et. al., 2015).The color of the mixed solution consisting of AgNO3 and beluntas leaf extract was changed from clear to light yellow after 30 minutes of the stirring process.After 1 hour of stirring, the mixed solution undergone browning.The color become darker with the increase of the time.From Figure 3 it can be seen that the absorbance value of each wavelength increases linearly with the increase in synthesis time from 1 hour to 168 hours but after 72 hours there is a shift in wavelength but the absorbance is only slightly increased.
Indonesia Chimica Acta Fatimah, et.al. p-ISSN 2085-014X Vol.12. No.1, June 2019 e-ISSN 2655-6049  This shows that the synthesis process has stopped.The data in Table 1 also shows a shift in the wavelength of the SPR peak, which is from 437.5 nm to 445.5 nm, which occurs with increasing synthesis time from 1 hour to 168 hours.From the data in Table 1 plotted the graph between the synthesis time and the absorbance value, as shown in Figure 4.With the increase in reaction time, the absorbance intensity increases until the reaction process stops, there is no increase in absorbance intensity anymore.Fatimah, et.al. p-ISSN 2085-014X Vol.12. No.1, June 2019e-ISSN 2655-6049 Characterization of PSA At PSA, particle size is measured based on dynamic light scattering.The motion of particles in the medium then correlates with the particle size possessed by silver nanoparticles.The laser beam illuminated into the sample will experience intensity fluctuations due to particle light scattering (Wahab, et al., 2018).The size distribution of silver nanoparticles with beluntas extract using a PSA is shown in Figure 5. Figure 5 shows that the sample measured using PSA has the size of silver nanoparticles based on dispersion size by intensity was 127.3 nm, by volume was 6.7 nm, and by the amount was 1.8 nm.Therefore the average size obtained was 109.1 nm.This nanoscale size proves that beluntas leaf extract has the potential as a reducing agent in the manufacture of silver nanoparticles.

CONCLUSION
Based on the results mentioned above, it can be concluded that silver nanoparticles can be synthesized using beluntas leaf extract as a reducing agent.The maximum wavelength obtained using UV-Vis was 445.5 nm with the maximum absorbance of 3,437.The average particle size measured by the PSA was 109.1 nm which was dispersed between 1.8 nm -127.3 nm.Indonesia Chimica Acta Fatimah, et.al. p-ISSN 2085-014X Vol.12. No.1, June 2019e-ISSN 2655-6049

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Color change of Silver nanoparticles from 1 hour to 168 hours

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Spectra of UV-Vis from silver nanoparticles using beluntas leaf extract at various time intervals: 1 hour to 168 hours

Figure 4 .
Figure 4. Graph of the absorbance of silver nanoparticles, at various time intervals: 1 hour to 168 hours.

Figure 5 .
Figure 5. Analysis of PSA of silver nanoparticles based on a. Dispersion size by intensity, b.Dispersion size by volume, c.Dispersion size by number

Table 1 .
Wavelength data and absorbance of silver nanoparticles using beluntas extract.