Issue

Vol. 5 No. (1) (2021): International Journal of Applied Biology

Date Log

Submitted
Jul 18, 2020
Published
Jul 6, 2021

Molecular identification and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates from urine samples of African buffalo, eland and cattle

https://doi.org/10.20956/ijab.v5i(1).10748
Harry Asena Musonye
Kenyatta University
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8372-7322
Ezekiel Mugendi Njeru
Kenyatta University
Ahmed Hassanali
Kenyatta University
Lydia Mali Langata
Kenyatta University
James Nonoh
Kenyatta University

Corresponding Author(s) : Harry Asena Musonye

musonyefifth90@gmail.com

International Journal of Applied Biology, Vol. 5 No. (1) (2021): International Journal of Applied Biology

Abstract

Presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in natural environment is an escalating risk of serious implication on human and animal health. Livestock and wildlife have been long recognized as reservoirs for antibiotic resistant bacteria. Nonetheless, there is limited knowledge regarding the potential of livestock and wildlife urine to act as transmission corridor for the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria. The present study aimed at evaluating antibiotic susceptibility patterns and molecular identification of bacteria isolated from livestock and wildlife urine samples. A total of 19 different bacteria isolated from urine samples of African buffalo, eland and cattle were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test. The isolates showed diverse susceptibility patterns against co-trimoxazole, tetracycline, amoxycillin, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol and gentamicin. Of the tested isolates, 73.7 % were exhibited resistance while 31.6 % were intermediate to the range of antibiotics tested. High resistance prevalence to amoxicillin (58%), tetracycline (26 %) and co-trimoxazole (11%) by the tested bacteria was observed. This study reveals the bacteria associated with African buffalo, eland and cattle urine as potential candidates for antibiotic resistance. This information demonstrates the need for measures to be adopted to limit the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in wildlife and livestock reservoirs.
References
  1. Aarestrup, F. M. (2015). The livestock reservoir for antimicrobial resistance: a personal view on changing patterns of risks, effects of interventions and the way forward. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 370(1670), 20140085.
  2. Altschul, S. F. (1997). Evaluating the statistical significance of multiple distinct local alignments. In Theoretical and computational methods in genome research (pp. 1-14). Springer, Boston, MA.
  3. Appelbaum, P. C. (2012). 2012 and beyond: potential for the start of a second pre-antibiotic era?. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 67(9), 2062-2068.
  4. Arnold, K. E., Williams, N. J., & Bennett, M. (2016). ‘Disperse abroad in the land’: the role of wildlife in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. Biology Letters, 12(8), 20160137.
  5. Barlow, M. (2009). What antimicrobial resistance has taught us about horizontal gene transfer. In Horizontal Gene Transfer (pp. 397-411). Humana Press.
  6. Berendonk, T. U., Manaia, C. M., Merlin, C., Fatta-Kassinos, D., Cytryn, E., Walsh, F., ... & Kreuzinger, N. (2015). Tackling antibiotic resistance: the environmental framework. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 13(5), 310-317.
  7. Chee-Sanford, J. C., Mackie, R. I., Koike, S., Krapac, I. G., Lin, Y. F., Yannarell, A. C., ... & Aminov, R. I. (2009). Fate and transport of antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance genes following land application of manure waste. Journal of environmental quality, 38(3), 1086-1108.
  8. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. (2016). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, 26th ed. Method M100S. Wayne, Pennsylvania: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA.
  9. Destoumieux-Garzón, D., Mavingui, P., Boetsch, G., Boissier, J., Darriet, F., Duboz, P., ... & Paillard, C. (2018). The one health concept: 10 years old and a long road ahead. Frontiers in veterinary science, 5, 14.
  10. Dias, C., Borges, A., Oliveira, D., Martinez-Murcia, A., Saavedra, M. J., & Simões, M. (2018). Biofilms and antibiotic susceptibility of multidrug-resistant bacteria from wild animals. PeerJ, 6, e4974.
  11. Dolejska, M., & Literak, I. (2019). Wildlife is overlooked in the epidemiology of medically important antimicrobial resistant bacteria. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, AAC-01167.
  12. Ferri, M., Ranucci, E., Romagnoli, P., & Giaccone, V. (2017). Antimicrobial resistance: a global emerging threat to public health systems. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 57(13), 2857-2876.
  13. Giedraitienė, A., Vitkauskienė, A., Naginienė, R., & Pavilonis, A. (2011). Antibiotic resistance mechanisms of clinically important bacteria. Medicina, 47(3), 19.
  14. Hawkey, P. M. (2008). The growing burden of antimicrobial resistance. Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 62(suppl_1), i1-i9.
  15. Holt, J. G., Krieg, N. R., Sneath, P. H., Staley, J. T., & Williams, S. T. (1994). Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology. 9th. Baltimor: William & Wilkins.
  16. Jobbins, S. E., & Alexander, K. A. (2015). From whence they came—antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in African wildlife. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 51(4), 811-820.
  17. Juhas, M. (2015). Horizontal gene transfer in human pathogens. Critical reviews in microbiology, 41(1), 101-108.
  18. Landers, T.F., Cohen, B., Wittum, T.E. & Larson, E.L., 2012. A review of antibiotic use in food animals: Perspective, policy, and potential. Public Health Rep. 127, 4-22.
  19. Manaia, C. M. (2017). Assessing the risk of antibiotic resistance transmission from the environment to humans: non-direct proportionality between abundance and risk. Trends in microbiology, 25(3), 173-181.
  20. Mercat, M., Clermont, O., Massot, M., Ruppe, E., de Garine-Wichatitsky, M., Miguel, E., & Caron, A. (2016). Escherichia coli population structure and antibiotic resistance at a buffalo/cattle interface in southern Africa. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 82(5), 1459-1467.
  21. Mishra, K. N., Aaggarwal, A., Abdelhadi, E., & Srivastava, D. P. C. (2010). An efficient horizontal and vertical method for online DNA sequence compression. International Journal of Computer Applications, 3(1), 39-46.
  22. Moyane, J. N., Jideani, A. I. O., & Aiyegoro, O. A. (2013). Antibiotics usage in food-producing animals in South Africa and impact on human: Antibiotic resistance. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 7(24), 2990-2997.
  23. Nolte, O. (2014). Antimicrobial resistance in the 21st century: a multifaceted challenge. Protein and Peptide letters, 21(4), 330-335.
  24. Oliver, J. P., Gooch, C. A., Lansing, S., Schueler, J., Hurst, J. J., Sassoubre, L., ... & Aga, D. S. (2019). Invited review: Fate of antibiotic residues, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and antibiotic resistance genes in US dairy manure management systems. Journal of Dairy Science.
  25. Singer, A. C., Shaw, H., Rhodes, V., & Hart, A. (2016). Review of antimicrobial resistance in the environment and its relevance to environmental regulators. Frontiers in microbiology, 7, 1728.
  26. Sørum, H., & Sunde, M. (2001). Resistance to antibiotics in the normal flora of animals. Veterinary research, 32(3-4), 227-241.
  27. Van den Honert, M. S., Gouws, P. A., & Hoffman, L. C. (2018). Importance and implications of antibiotic resistance development in livestock and wildlife farming in South Africa: A Review. South African Journal of Animal Science, 48(3), 401-412.
  28. Ventola, C. L. (2015). The antibiotic resistance crisis: part 1: causes and threats. Pharmacy and therapeutics, 40(4), 277.
  29. Vittecoq, M., Godreuil, S., Prugnolle, F., Durand, P., Brazier, L., Renaud, N., ... & Thomas, F. (2016). Antimicrobial resistance in wildlife. Journal of Applied Ecology, 53(2), 519-529.
  30. Von Wintersdorff, C. J., Penders, J., van Niekerk, J. M., Mills, N. D., Majumder, S., van Alphen, L. B., Wolffs, P. F. (2016). Dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in microbial ecosystems through horizontal gene transfer. Frontiers in microbiology, 7, 173.
  31. Woolhouse, M., Ward, M., van Bunnik, B., & Farrar, J. (2015). Antimicrobial resistance in humans, livestock and the wider environment. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 370(1670), 20140083.
  32. World Health Organization. (2007). The world health report 2007: a safer future: global public health security in the 21st century.
  33. Zhang, Y., Fu, B., & Zhang, X. (2012, June). DNA cryptography based on DNA Fragment assembly. In 2012 8th International Conference on Information Science and Digital Content Technology (ICIDT2012) (Vol. 1, pp. 179-182). IEEE.
Read More

Author Biographies

Harry Asena Musonye, Kenyatta University
Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology
Ezekiel Mugendi Njeru, Kenyatta University
Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology
Ahmed Hassanali, Kenyatta University
Department of Chemistry
Lydia Mali Langata, Kenyatta University
Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology
James Nonoh, Kenyatta University
Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology
Download this PDF file
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 247 Download : 49

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.