Compatibility study of Trichoderma sp. with Chemical Fungicides Commonly Used by Nepalese Farmers, Under In-Vitro Condition
Keywords:
Biocontrol, poisoned food technique, soil-borne disease, integrated disease managementAbstract
The excessive use of synthetic fungicides has led to the emergence of
fungicide-resistant strains of pathogens, raising concerns about human health and
environmental impact. Trichoderma spp., an endophytic and versatile
opportunistic plant symbiont, has recently gained popularity as a biocontrol
agent. Integrated use of Trichoderma with compatible fungicides gives better
disease management and causes less harm to the environment in the long run.
This study aimed to evaluate the compatibility of six fungicides commonly used by
Nepalese farmers at concentrations of 250, 500, and 1000 ppm with Trichoderma
sp. using the poisoned food technique in-vitro. The experiment was conducted in
a completely randomized design with four replications for each treatment, and
data were taken at 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after incubation. Among the
fungicides tested, Mancozeb was compatible at all concentrations from the start
and exhibited the highest compatibility at 72 hours, with a growth inhibition
percent of 0.39%. Metalaxyl+Mancozeb at 250 and 500 ppm, and Copper
oxychloride at 250 ppm showed good compatibility. However, Carbendazim,
Hexaconazole, and Carbendazim+Mancozeb resulted in 100% growth inhibition of
Trichoderma sp. throughout the experiment. While all treatments significantly
reduced mycelial diameter, Mancozeb and Metalaxyl+Mancozeb showed a
gradual decrease in growth inhibition percent over time, indicating increased
compatibility. In contrast, Copper oxychloride demonstrated variable growth
inhibition percent over time. So, the fungicides Mancozeb, Metalaxyl+Mancozeb
and Copper oxychloride at compatible concentrations can be used with
Trichoderma sp. in integrated disease management to control soil and seed-borne
pathogens.
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