ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities
ELS-JISH (E-ISSN: 2621-0835 | P-ISSN: 2621-0843) is a journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities: Linguistics, Literature, Language Teaching, Translation, and Culture, a scholarly peer-reviewed international scientific journal published quartely by the Faculty of Cultural Sciences Hasanuddin University, focusing on theories, methods, and materials in Linguistics, Literature, Language Teaching, Translation, and Culture (study and research). It provides a high profile, leading edge forum for academics, professionals, educators, consultants, practitioners and postgraduate students in the field of English Language Studies (ELS) to contribute and disseminate innovative new work on the disciplines. JISH was started in 2017 and first published in 2018. It invites original, previously unpublished, research and survey articles, plus research-in-progress reports and short research notes, on both practical and theoretical aspects of Linguistics, Literature, Language Teaching, Translation, and Culture.
Illocutionary Speech Acts in the Lyrics of “Mathasibnish” Based on Searle’s Theory
Song lyrics as a form of poetic text not only serve an aesthetic function but also contain a communicative dimension that reflects the speaker’s attitudes, intentions, and emotional states within interpersonal relationships. In the context of modern popular Arabic music, themes of betrayal and disappointment are frequently represented through language rich in pragmatic meaning. This study aims to examine the realization of illocutionary speech acts in the lyrics of “Mathasibnish” written by Amir Teima and popularized by Sherine Abdel Wahab. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach, drawing on speech act theory proposed by J. L. Austin and further developed by John Searle, which classifies illocutionary acts into representative, directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative categories. The data consist of utterances in the song lyrics, collected through documentation techniques and analyzed through processes of identification, classification, and interpretation of their pragmatic functions. The findings reveal that four types of illocutionary speech acts are present in the lyrics, namely representatives, directives, commissives, and expressives, while declaratives are not identified. The dominance of expressive acts emphasizes that the song discourse is oriented toward the expression of emotion, particularly feelings of disappointment and inner pain resulting from betrayal. Meanwhile, representative, directive, and commissive acts function to reinforce the speaker’s position and decisions within the relationship.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ashfa Sabila Zahro, Ahmad Kholil https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Function of Affixes in Augmented Triliteral Verbs of the Fa''ala Pattern in the Arba'in Hadith
This study examines the role of affixes (al-lawāṣiq) in augmented triliteral verbs following the fa‘‘ala (فَعَّلَ ) pattern as found in Hadith Arba‘in An-Nawawiyah by Imam An-Nawawi. The main focus of this research is to identify the types and semantic functions of affixes within the verbal structures of Hadith Arba‘in and to explain their morphosyntactic roles. The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach using the distributional method (al-tawzī‘ī) through deletion and substitution techniques. The research data are derived from the original text of Hadith Arba‘in containing verbs in the fa‘‘ala pattern, such as ‘allama, ṣaddaqa, and raddada. The findings indicate that affixes in the fa‘‘ala pattern function to express transitivity (al-ta‘diyah), intensification or frequency (lil-takthīr), and removal or negation (lil-salb), which transform the characteristics of the base verb into stronger, causative, or repetitive meanings. This analysis demonstrates that affixation functions not only as a mechanism of word formation but also enriches the theological dimension of hadith meaning. The study confirms that the analysis of affix functions in augmented triliteral verbs of the fa‘‘ala pattern plays a crucial role in understanding the grammatical and semantic meanings of Hadith Arba‘in, and reveals the close relationship between Arabic morphological structure and the reinforcement of normative messages that are educational, moral, and spiritual in nature.
Copyright (c) 2026 Neng Nurmaltuffah, Ihin Solihin, Dayudin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Humanitarian Facts In Fahad Alammari’s Film Alkhallat+: A Study Of Lucien Goldmann's Genetic Structuralism
The film Alkhallat+ by Fahad Alammari is a social reflection of modern Saudi Arabian society, rich in human values. This study aims to analyze aspects of humanity, both individually and socially, using Lucien Goldmann's genetic structuralism theory. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative, with a dialectical analysis technique between the structure of the film text and the social context of contemporary Arab society. Previous studies show that the film Alkhallat+ a study of lucien goldmann’s genetic structuralism has been analyzed through various approaches, such as structural functionalism, pragmatics, and gender deconstruction. However, there has been no study that specifically focuses on the human aspects within the framework of genetic structuralism. Therefore, this study makes an original contribution by revealing the relationship between the individual conflicts of the characters and the collective worldview of society. The results of the study show that this film contains human facts that include moral conflicts, family tensions, gender bias, and social pressures that represent the reality of modern Arab society.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Azizah Arifin, Muhammad Nurhasan, Maman Abdul Djaliel https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
An Analysis Of Teachers’ Strategy In Teaching Reading Comprehension Of Senior High School At Kecamatan Dampelas
This study aimed to find the strategies used by English teachers in teaching reading comprehension at senior high schools and to identify the most frequently used strategies. This study employed a descriptive qualitative research design, collecting data through questionnaires and interviews with 4 English teachers. The results showed that teachers used various strategies in teaching reading comprehension, and scaffolding, QARs, monitoring comprehension, and memorizing were the most frequently used strategies. These strategies were highly effective in helping students understand reading texts and improving their reading abilities. This study also revealed that scaffolding and QARs strategies enabled teachers to provide appropriate assistance and support to students who did not understand reading texts, allowing students to better comprehend the texts. The findings of this study were expected to be used as a reference for English teachers in developing effective reading comprehension teaching strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Endang Puspita Sari, Darmawan, Wahyudin, Muhammad Arid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Gaza Theory: Writing from Beneath the Rubble
In a global context where suffering is often reduced to fleeting headlines and the voice of the oppressed is increasingly marginalized, Gaza Theory: Writing from Beneath the Rubble emerges as a contemporary literary and critical framework for reading texts produced under siege, occupation, and destruction. While rooted in the Palestinian experience, the theory transcends geography, proposing a universal lens through which literature written from within human catastrophe can be interpreted. Gaza, in this theory, is not merely a location—it is a symbolic and existential condition. The theory introduces key concepts such as "emergency language," "the besieged self," and "explosive realism," redefining aesthetics not as ornamentation, but as the act of persisting in language amid collapse. It affirms that resistance literature is not propaganda but a profound human and artistic expression of survival, identity, and dignity. The theory also deliberately avoids rigid methodologies, leaving space for interpretive multiplicity and encouraging readers and scholars to engage literature from within lived experience and ethical responsibility.
Copyright (c) 2026 Safaa Haqi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Expressive Function Of Figurative Language In The Novel Katarsis By Anastasia Aemilia: A Stylistic Study
Figurative language is not merely an aesthetic ornament, but a means of expressing psychological meaning in literary works. This study aims to examine the form and function of figurative language in Anastasia Aemilia's novel Katarsis through a stylistic approach. By connecting linguistic and aesthetic aspects, this study focuses on understanding the relationship between language, context, and emotional effects on readers. Using a qualitative descriptive method with the Simak and Catat techniques, as well as data in the form of quotations containing elements of metaphor, personification, simile, synesthesia, anatomicia, and metonymy, the data was analyzed based on the stylistic theories of Henry Guntur Tarigan and Gorys Keraf. Data in the form of quotations from the novel containing figurative language elements, such as metaphors, personification, similes, synesthesia, anatomicia, and metonymy, were analyzed based on the stylistic theories of Henry Guntur Tarigan and Gorys Keraf. This study used a qualitative descriptive method with observation and note-taking techniques. The results show that the use of figurative language in the novel Katarsis is very dominant and plays an important role in shaping the characters, building the atmosphere, and describing the inner conflicts and past traumas of the main characters. Metaphors and similes are the most frequently used figures of speech to express extreme emotions, inner turmoil, and tension in the storyline, both explicitly and implicitly. These findings confirm that figurative language in this novel is a medium for conveying complex psychological messages to readers, while also contributing to the development of modern literary stylistics studies in understanding the aesthetic and expressive functions of narrative prose.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fataya Azzahra, Rurani Adinda, Fairuz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Language Style Used on the Caption of @ecobites.official Instagram Account: A Stylistic Study
The language style used in captions is one of the advertising strategies to attract audiences. Captions, as a linguistic aspect, play an important role in supporting the effectiveness of advertising on Instagram. Through using this language style, Ecobites, as an eco-friendly product can create advertisements that can spread awareness about the importance of using eco-friendly products. This aims to persuade the audience to choose ECOBITES. Therefore, examining Instagram captions as advertising tool is worth to studying. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify the types of the language style used in the Instagram captions of the @ecobites.official account. The theory that was used in this study is Keraf’s (2007) theory. This study uses qualitative method, with documentation technique to collect the data. The subjects are 15 captions from the @ecobites.official Instagram account. The results show that @ecobites.official Instagram captions used varied language styles, they are 1) Based on the word choice, @ecobites.offficial Instagram captions were dominated by conversational language style; 2) @ecobites.official Instagram captions were dominated by intermediate language style when viewed based on tone; 3) Based on the sentence structure, Ecobites’ Instagram captions were dominated by climax and repetition language style; and 4) Language style based on the direct and indirect meaning that used in Ecobites’ Instagram captions were dominated by rhetorical language style.
Copyright (c) 2026 Putri Wulan Septiani, Lina Purwaning Hartanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Musicalization (الإيقاع) of Meaning in the Poetry of Nusantara Scholars: A Study of 'Arūd by Kyai Syuhud Zayyadi
This study aims to answer how prosodic structures specifically the bahr, taf‘īlah, and metrical variations such as zihāf and ‘illah are applied in the poem Ila Tabatal Hasna’ by Kiai Syuhud Zayyadi. This research is grounded in the theory of ‘ilm al ‘arūḍh as formulated by Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi, the founding figure of classical Arabic prosody, which provides a systematic framework for analyzing poetic meter through rhythmic patterns and morphological changes. The novelty of this research lies in its detailed analysis of a Nusantara scholar’s Arabic poem, an area rarely explored despite adhering to the strict rules of classical Arabic prosody. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the study employs textual analysis, including transcription into khat ‘arūdī, scansion, identification of the governing bahr, recognition of taf‘īlah patterns, and observation of metrical variations. The findings reveal consistent use of a specific bahr and the presence of zihāf, particularly the form qabdl, while no ‘illah is detected in the analyzed verses. These results demonstrate that the poetic craftsmanship of Nusantara scholars aligns with the precision of classical Arabic poetry. This study contributes to expanding prosodic research within the pesantren tradition and opens opportunities for further exploration of Arabic literary production in the Indonesian context.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kafia Azzahro, Halimi Zuhdy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Study On The Use Of Retelling Story Technique In Teaching Speaking Skill
Retelling story is widely used as a technique to support students’ speaking development in English language classrooms. This study aims to describe how the retelling story technique is implemented in speaking classes and to examine its effects on students’ speaking skills at different academic levels. This study employed a qualitative library research design by analyzing five previous research studies that investigated the use of retelling story in teaching speaking skills. The selected studies were conducted at different educational levels and were reviewed to identify instructional procedures, supporting media, and reported learning outcomes. The results of the analysis show that all five studies applied the retelling story technique through three main stages: pre-retelling activities, during-retelling activities, and post-retelling activities. These stages were consistently referred to as before, during, and after retelling activities. The implementation of the technique was often supported by additional media and methods, such as YouTube videos, picture series, and guided questions, to help students understand and retell stories more effectively. Furthermore, the findings indicate that students at different academic levels showed improvement in their speaking skills after the application of the retelling story technique. Students became more active in classroom interaction and demonstrated increased confidence in expressing ideas orally. The reviewed studies also reported that students were more motivated and independent when retelling stories. Overall, the findings suggest that the retelling story technique has a positive effect on students’ speaking skills and can be considered an effective strategy for teaching speaking in EFL classrooms.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rivaldo Barani, Darmawan, Wahyudin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Difficulties Of Grade X Students In Writing Descriptive Texts At SMA Negeri 3 Palu
This study aims to identify and describe the specific difficulties experienced by Grade X students at SMA Negeri 3 Palu in writing descriptive texts in English. More specifically, the study seeks to examine students’ understanding of the generic structure of descriptive texts, their use of vocabulary, and their application of grammatical rules in writing. A qualitative descriptive research design was employed to provide a detailed picture of students’ writing problems based on their own responses. Data were collected through an online questionnaire distributed to Grade X students who had learned descriptive text writing in their English classes. The findings reveal that students face several challenges when writing descriptive texts. Many students had difficulty distinguishing between the identification and description parts of the text, which often resulted in unclear or incomplete descriptions. Students also reported limited vocabulary, making it difficult for them to express ideas clearly and vary their word choices. In addition, grammatical problems, particularly in the use of tenses and sentence structure, were frequently identified as major obstacles in their writing. These results are consistent with previous studies that report similar difficulties among EFL learners in writing descriptive texts. Limited mastery of vocabulary, grammar, and text organization has been widely recognized as a key factor affecting students’ writing performance. The findings suggest that students need more structured guidance and practice to develop these skills. Therefore, this study recommends that English teachers provide focused instruction and targeted training to help students better understand text structure, expand their vocabulary, and improve grammatical accuracy in descriptive writing.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pelangi Putri Rahayu, Mawardin M. Said, Budi, Mukrim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
An Analysis of Organizational Behavior and Teacher Performance Satisfaction in Private Madrasah Aliyah (MAS), South Tangerang City, Banten
This study aims to analyze organizational behavior and its impact on teacher performance satisfaction at Private Madrasah Aliyah (MAS) in South Tangerang City. The main issue addressed in this research is the extent to which communication, leadership, organizational culture, and organizational structure contribute to the level of job satisfaction and teacher performance. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews, observations, questionnaires, and document analysis. The research subjects included principals, teachers, and educational staff from two private madrasahs, namely MA Jamiyyah Islamiyah and MA Al-Ikhwaniyah. The findings indicate that organizational behavior in both madrasahs falls into a good category, with a high overall average score. Effective communication, participative leadership, harmonious relationships among teachers, as well as institutional support and recognition are dominant factors that enhance teacher job satisfaction and performance. On the other hand, the balance between workload and welfare, as well as the alignment between salary and job responsibilities, still require further attention. Overall, healthy organizational behavior creates a conducive work environment, strengthens teacher motivation and loyalty, and directly contributes to improving the quality of education in the madrasah.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nuryati Djihadah, Zehan, Estiningsih Trihandayani, Ersam Mahendrawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Integrating Literature in EFL to Foster Moral Growth and Character Development: A Study of The Jungle Book
Education plays an important role in shaping human character and the selection of appropriate learning materials significantly contributes to students’ personal and moral development. This study attempts to explore the integration of Rudyard Kipling’s The Jungle Book in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom, focusing on its potential to foster moral literacy through ethical sensitivity, logical reasoning, and moral imagination. Using a qualitative descriptive methodology and drawing on Nancy Tuana’s framework of Moral Literacy, the research seeks to examine how the novel’s themes can contribute to the moral growth of the junior high school students. The findings reveal how the ethical sensitivity is conveyed through its themes of brotherhood and acts of heroism, while moral reasoning is exemplified by the emphasis on gratitude and the consequences of revenge. Additionally, the moral imagination is demonstrated through camaraderie and self-preservation efforts. Therefore, the study concludes that The Jungle Book offers valuable material for promoting moral literacy, making it a rich pedagogical resource in EFL contexts. Besides, it emphasizes the dual role of literature in both enhancing language skills and promoting moral values, thereby offering a holistic approach to education that nurtures both linguistic competence and ethical development of the young learners.
Copyright (c) 2026 Md. Jobaar Talukder, Shahadat Hossain Azad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Exploring Multimodality in Teaching Writing: A Narrative Inquiry of an English Teacher in an Indonesian Senior High School
Using multimodality in teaching second language writing allows English teachers to creatively combine two or modes in describing what goes on at each stage of the writing process. Studies confirmed that multimodality in teaching English as a foreign language could help to activate classroom atmosphere and inspiring students’ motivation. However, studies focusing on multimodality in teaching writing are still limited. Thus, this study aims at exploring the modes employed by the teacher in teaching writing and investigating how the teacher combined those methods in describing each stage of the writing process. By using narrative inquiry, the researchers obtained the data mainly by using the semi-structured interview. The participant of this study was an English teacher in a high school. The findings stated that a teacher employed modes like visual display, classroom layout, voice quality, gesture, and body movement in teaching writing. The teacher then combined those modes in describing stages of the writing process by designing some activities involving students’ active participation and group work. This study has implications for teachers and researchers interested in exploring multimodality in teaching English particularly in writing and generally in other skills, listening, speaking, and reading.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anjar Nur Cholifah, Doni Alfaruqy, Harits Setyawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Use Of The Fishbowl Technique In Teaching English Speaking Skills: A Library Research Study
This study aims to analyze previous research on the implementation of the Fishbowl Technique in teaching speaking skills. Specifically, the study seeks to examine how the Fishbowl Technique is applied in speaking instruction across different educational levels and to identify its effects on students’ speaking performance. This research employed a qualitative library research design by reviewing five scientific studies published between 2019 and 2025. The selected studies were analyzed to identify common practices, variations in implementation, and reported outcomes related to the use of the Fishbowl Technique. The results of the analysis indicate that the Fishbowl Technique was implemented in similar ways across the reviewed studies, although minor differences were found in classroom procedures and student grouping. In general, the technique provided structured opportunities for students to speak actively while other students observed and learned from the interaction. The findings show that the Fishbowl Technique had a positive impact on students’ speaking skills, particularly in improving fluency, participation, and confidence. Students became more willing to express their ideas and engage in classroom discussions. Overall, the reviewed studies demonstrate that the Fishbowl Technique effectively promotes active speaking practice and enhances classroom interaction, making it a beneficial strategy for teaching speaking skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Stesia Abigael Tombo, Darmawan, Wahyudin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Reinventing Grammar Pedagogy through Mobile-Assisted Learning: Busuu-Assisted Tense Mastery in an Indonesian Madrasah Tsanawiyah
This research addresses the persistent challenge of tense instruction in Indonesian madrasah tsanawiyah, where grammar learning is often perceived as rule-heavy and detached from meaningful practice. The study aims to examine the extent to which Busuu-assisted learning can enhance eighth-grade students’ English tense mastery and to outline a feasible classroom integration model within a realistic school timetable. A pre-experimental one-group pre-test–post-test design was employed with qualitative approach. The participants were 23 eighth-grade students at MTs DDI Tuppu Pinrang selected from an intact class; however, complete matched pre- and post-test scores were available for 22 students and were used for analysis. Students completed a 30-item multiple-choice grammar test on simple present, simple past, and simple future tenses before and after six weekly Busuu-assisted treatments (two class periods per meeting). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a paired comparison, applying the Wilcoxon signed-rank test due to non-normal gain scores. The results showed a substantial increase in students’ tense mastery from pre-test (M = 20.18) to post-test (M = 28.23), with a significant pre–post difference (p < .001) and a very large effect (r ≈ 0.88). The findings suggest that structured mobile-assisted practice through Busuu, combined with teacher guidance and error-focused review, can serve as a practical strategy for revitalizing grammar pedagogy in Islamic junior high school contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sepia Sepia, Kalsum Kalsum, Abdul Haris Sunubi, Munawir Munawir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Women’s Language In Media: A Study Of Blackpink’s Interview On Zach Sang Show Podcast
This study examines women’s language features in global media discourse by analyzing Blackpink’s interview on the Zach Sang Show podcast. It explores how Lakoff’s theory operates in the context of multilingualism and global celebrity status. Using a descriptive qualitative method, data were collected from the transcription of Blackpink’s 2019 podcast interview and analyzed using Lakoff’s framework, and the stages of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing proposed by Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña (2014). The findings show that eight out of ten women’s language features were identified in the conversation. Lexical hedges and fillers appeared most frequently (36%), while the second most frequently intensifiers (32%). And rising intonation, empty adjectives, precise color terms, super polite form, avoidance of strong swear words, and emphatic statement occurred less frequently. These results suggest that women’s language features function as strategic linguistic choices shaped by multilingualism and celebrity identity. By integrating Lakoff’s theory to global media and celebrity discourse, this study contributes to the development of sociolinguistic research.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nazmi Fawwaziah, Abd. Hannan, Hasbi Assiddiqi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Noble Values In The Culture Of "Angngaru” Oral Traditions Of Makassar
This article explores the noble values embedded within the "Angngaru" oral tradition of the Makassar culture, which serves as an important element of the region's intangible cultural heritage. "Angngaru" is a traditional form of oral expression practiced in Makassar society, characterized by poetic recitations that convey principles of honor, bravery, loyalty, and social harmony. Through a cultural and anthropological approach, this study aims to elucidate the symbolic meanings and philosophical insights that “Angngaru” imparts, reflecting the deeply rooted values of Makassar’s collective identity. The findings demonstrate that “Angngaru” not only strengthens communal bonds but also functions as a medium for transmitting ethical teachings and local wisdom across generations. By preserving “Angngaru”, Makassar society maintains a cultural foundation that supports moral integrity and resilience amid modernity's challenges. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how oral traditions serve as vehicles for moral and ethical teachings in Indonesian cultural landscapes, specifically within the context of Makassar.
Copyright (c) 2026 Surjasni, Sirajuddin Kamal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Review On The Implementation Of Picture Series In Teaching Writing Skills
This library research reviews recent studies on the use of picture series to improve students’ writing skills in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms. Writing is often difficult for students because they have trouble finding ideas, organizing sentences, and using correct grammar. Many teachers and researchers have tried different ways to help students write better. One popular technique is using picture series as visual aids. This study collected data from five recent articles published between 2019 and 2024. The reviewed studies used different methods, including experimental research, classroom action research, and qualitative reviews. All studies reported positive results. Students who learned writing through picture series were more motivated, could organize their ideas better, and wrote more creatively. Even students with low English skills improved when teachers used pictures to support their writing. However, some teachers reported challenges, such as preparing good picture materials and managing large classes during picture-based activities. Despite these challenges, the findings strongly suggest that picture series are an effective and engaging tool for teaching writing. They help students become more confident and reduce the fear of writing in English. This research recommends that teachers use picture series more often, especially in EFL contexts, and that future studies explore digital picture tools to make this technique even more practical in modern classrooms.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rahmat Agung Wibowo, Darmawan, Anjar Kusuma Dewi, Mashuri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Constructing The State’s Financial Identity: A Critical Discourse Analysis Of The Indonesian Government’s Fiscal Narrative In Sri Mulyani Indrawati’s 2025 Budget Speech
This study analyzes how the Indonesian government constructs its fiscal narrative and financial identity through Sri Mulyani Indrawati’s 2025 Budget Speech. Using Fairclough’s three-dimensional Critical Discourse Analysis, it examines linguistic features, production processes, and the socio-political context surrounding the speech. The qualitative analysis focuses on lexical choices, modality, rhetorical structuring, intertextual references, and the institutional setting of the national budgeting process. The findings show that the speech functions as more than a fiscal report; it strategically shapes public understanding of state finance. Technical economic terminology is interwoven with greetings, moral cues, and nationalist references to project authority, responsibility, and cultural legitimacy. Institutional framing and references to established economic doctrines further reinforce credibility. The speech ultimately serves two purposes: to legitimize fiscal decisions before lawmakers and to cultivate public trust by stressing stability, resilience, and collective responsibility. This demonstrates how budget speeches construct coherent narratives that support policy direction and state authority.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Alim Akbar Nasir, M. Bahri Arifin, Wilma Prafitri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
An Analysis Of Metaphors Found In Aku Ini Binatang Jalang By Chairil Anwar
This research aims to analyze the types and meanings of metaphors found in selected poems by Chairil Anwar based on Goatly’s theory of metaphor. The objectives of this study are to identify the kinds of metaphors used and to interpret their meanings in each poem. This research employed a qualitative descriptive method. The data were collected from ten selected poems, namely Aku, Sajak Putih, Diponegoro, Penghidupan, Suara Malam, Catetan Tahun 1945, Aku Berada Kembali, Cintaku Jauh di Pulau, Senja di Pelabuhan Kecil, and Derai-derai Cemara. The data were analyzed by classifying the metaphors into active metaphor, subjective metaphor, asymmetric metaphor, dead metaphor, and mimetic metaphor according to Goatly’s framework. The findings show that Chairil Anwar dominantly uses active metaphors to express strong emotions, rebellion, struggle, and existential awareness. Subjective metaphors are frequently used to convey personal feelings and psychological conditions. Asymmetric metaphors reflect power relations, conflict, and life struggles, while dead metaphors indicate expressions that have become conventional in meaning. Mimetic metaphors are used to create imaginative and dramatic imagery in the poems. The analysis reveals that metaphors play an important role in strengthening meaning, emotional intensity, and poetic expression in Chairil Anwar’s works. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of metaphor analysis in literary studies, especially in Indonesian poetry. It is expected that this research can enrich readers’ comprehension of figurative language and provide references for future researchers who are interested in metaphor studies using Goatly’s theory.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lendawati Manurung, Yessy Otaviana, Usman Sidabutar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Cultural-Based Educational Policy Strategy in Revitalizing the Betawi Language in Elementary and Junior High Schools in Jakarta
This study aims to analyze the implementation of revitalizing the Betawi language at the elementary school (SD) and junior high school (SMP) levels in Jakarta through the integration of local culture in educational activities. The study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method to describe the practices of using the Betawi language in school learning contexts. Data were collected through classroom observations, interviews with teachers and students, and analysis of learning documents and school cultural activities. The results show that the policy of revitalization of the Betawi language is more effective when integrated into project-based learning, school cultural activities, and creative activities that incorporate elements of Betawi culture, such as art performances, role-playing, and daily communication practices. This approach has proven capable of increasing students’ interest, participation, and awareness of the Betawi language as part of their local cultural identity. However, its implementation of the revitalization program still faces several challenges, including the absence of a specific curriculum, limited teaching materials, lack of teacher training, and the influence of popular and global languages in students’ daily lives. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a strategy to include a structured curriculum or local content program, provide relevant teaching materials, improve teacher capacity, and utilize digital technology and social media as learning media. Sustainable policy support and collaboration among schools, government, and communities are essential factors in strengthening the revitalization of the Betawi language and maintaining the sustainability of local language as part of Jakarta’s cultural identity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nana Yuliana, Tadjuddin Nur, Somadi Sosrohadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Translation Techniques Of English Translation On Umpasa And Umpama In Batak Toba Wedding Ceremonies
This research investigates the complex interplay between traditional oral literature and digital linguistics. Specifically, it analyzes the translation techniques applied to Umpasa and Umpama the ritualistic proverbs and poetry of the Batak Toba culture translated into English within the socio-cultural context of traditional wedding ceremonies. The study aims to describe the representation of cultural meanings and evaluate the maintenance or shift of traditional values when processed through the Large Language Model, Gemini AI. Adopting a descriptive qualitative approach, a corpus of 48 units of oral literature was meticulously collected through field observations in Samosir Regency and further validated by Raja Parhata to ensure cultural authenticity. The findings reveal 63 occurrences of specific translation techniques, with Established Equivalence emerging as the most dominant method (16 findings). This indicates a strategic priority toward functional clarity for a global audience. The analysis concludes that while a linguistic shift from esoteric, metaphorical language to explicit meanings is inevitable, the core philosophical pillars of Batak life Hagabeon, Hamoraon, and Hasangapon remain successfully preserved in the digital translation process.
Copyright (c) 2026 Berlianta B. Sinaga, Yessy Octaviana, Nurhayati Sitorus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Shifting Values in Global Children’s Literature: A Comparative Thematic Analysis from 2001 to 2025
Children’s literature reflects how societies teach younger generations moral reasoning, empathy, and cultural identity. Over the past two decades, global children’s literature has undergone significant shifts in theme and form, reflecting broader social and technological changes. This study examines the evolution of ethical functions, representation, and narrative media in children’s literature across three phases: 2001–2009, 2010–2019, and 2020–2025. Using a qualitative comparative design and reflexive thematic analysis, the research examines award-winning and internationally circulated works to identify shifting values and patterns in storytelling practices. Findings indicate that the literary works of the early 2000s, dominated by fantasy and dystopia, deliver the moral laboratories where young readers practiced ethical judgment within imagined worlds. The 2010s redirected this focus toward realism, inclusion, and social participation, highlighting the rise of own-voices authors and multimodal formats such as verse and graphic novels. In the 2020s, children's literature has increasingly engaged with real-world crises—pandemics, racial justice, climate anxiety, and mental health—transforming stories into tools for recovery, empathy, and digital literacy. Across these three periods, children’s literature moves from imagining moral choices to enabling real ethical action, from representing diversity to institutionalizing it, and from textual storytelling to interactive, cross-media experiences. This evolution demonstrates that children’s literature is no longer a passive reflection of cultural change but actively shapes global empathy and civic awareness among young readers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Desy Eva Laila Rokhmah, Abdurrahman Shaleh Reliubun, Arin Mantara Anggawirya, Reski Amalia S https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
An Analysis of Ellipsis as a Translation Strategy Found in Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Novel This Earth of Mankind
This study investigates the use of ellipsis as a translation strategy in the English translation of the novel This Earth of Mankind by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. The research aims to identify the types of ellipsis and examine how ellipsis is realized as a translation strategy in the target text. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method by comparing the Indonesian source text with its English translation. The analysis is based on the ellipsis framework proposed by M.A.K. Halliday and Ruqaiya Hasan and the translation techniques proposed by Molina and Albir, as well as translation principles by Peter Newmark. A total of 135 instances of ellipsis were identified in the analyzed data. The findings reveal that three types of ellipsis occur in the translation, namely clausal, verbal, and nominal ellipsis, with clausal ellipsis appearing as the most dominant type. In terms of translation techniques, reduction is the most frequently applied strategy, indicating that the translator tends to condense recoverable linguistic elements rather than completely deleting them. The findings also show that communicative translation is the dominant translation principle, emphasizing readability and naturalness in the target language. These results suggest that ellipsis functions as an important strategy for achieving textual cohesion, narrative efficiency, and stylistic naturalness in literary translation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gracella Matovani Sirait, Yessy Octaviana, Febrika Dwi Lestari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Eurocene and the Myth of Development in Helon Habila’s Oil on Water and Chimeka Garricks’ Tomorrow Died Yesterday
This paper is an in-depth analysis of Helon Habila’s Oil on Water and Chimeka Garricks’ Tomorrow Died Yesterday. The study aims at showing the paradox of oil wealth in the Niger Delta. It argues that Eurocene and the myth of development intersect, in both novels, as an awful ideology of western corporations to get huge profit from exploitation, under the martial control of environment. Using a postcolonial ecocritical framework and qualitative textual analysis, the paper explores three major findings. First, Eurocene is not a distant epoch, but a current reality that links capitalism, ecological destruction, and social oppression. Second, the myth of development is rhetoric device to deceive local populations and legitimize ecological exploitation while enriching corrupt elites and western companies. Third, instead of prosperity, oil activities leave local communities with oil spills, gas flares, health hazards, the collapse of traditional livelihoods, worsening living conditions, and the displacement of entire communities. By dramatizing the social, cultural, and ecological costs of oil exploitation, Habila and Garricks contribute to a literary tradition that challenges oppression. The study concludes that African literature functions as a space of resistance, exposing the destructive colonial legacies, advocating, therefore, for ecological justice and for more equitable visions of development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alvie Dieu-Mercy Mouzita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Code-switching and Its Relation to Language Acquisition : A Study of L1 Indonesian and L2 English
This study examines the role of Indonesian–English code-switching in the process of second-language acquisition by synthesizing findings from previous research using a qualitative library method. The analysis shows that code-switching is a prominent linguistic practice in Indonesian educational and social contexts, serving multiple pedagogical, cognitive, and pragmatic functions. The findings reveal that code-switching operates as a cognitive scaffold, helping learners comprehend difficult English input by linking new information to familiar linguistic structures. It also reduces anxiety and increases classroom interaction, enabling students to participate more confidently during English lessons. In addition, frequent exposure to bilingual communication facilitates incidental vocabulary learning and contributes to the development of pragmatic competence, particularly through digital and peer interactions. However, the study also identifies potential drawbacks of excessive switching, including reduced English immersion and the emergence of hybrid morphological forms that may hinder grammatical accuracy. These findings highlight the complex and dual nature of code-switching: it is beneficial when used strategically but may become a barrier when overused. Overall, the study concludes that effective English language pedagogy in Indonesia requires a balanced approach that recognizes the supportive role of L1 while ensuring adequate exposure to English for long-term acquisition.
Copyright (c) 2026 Khanandya Nila Ulfah, Alemina Br.Perangin-angin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Learning English through Storytelling: Using Let’s Read Digital Picture Books for First Graders
Teaching English to first graders in EFL classroom will meet challenges because the students are still in the phase of transition from kindergarten school to elementary school. In a situation where first graders still struggle to read and write in Indonesian language, an English teacher requires an effective way to help the students be interested in learning this language. Since the characteristics of young learners are active, learn through sensory, and focus on concrete things, storytelling can be chosen to teach English for first graders. Let’s Read as a digital picture book can be used for storytelling for its beautiful illustration and levels of reading difficulty that can be adjusted based on the ages of the readers. This research aims to investigate the role of Let’s Read in helping first graders learn English through storytelling and how it boosts the students’ productive skills. The method used was case study. The participants were 18 first graders and the data was collected from classroom observation, documentation during storytelling and making a picture book, and teacher’s reflection. The results showed Let’s Read as a learning media helped young learners in learning English because of its interesting features and it boosted the students’ productive skills through a picture book making.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hana Ristami https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Taboo Language in Daily Conversations of English Education Students at HKBP Nommensen University
This study aims to identify the types of Indonesian taboo language used by fifth-semester students of the English Education Study Program at HKBP Nommensen University and to analyze the contextual factors influencing their use in daily conversations. Taboo language frequently appears in informal communication and reflects social interaction patterns among students. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method. The data were collected through natural observation and audio recordings of students’ conversations around the ground floor area of Building L at HKBP Nommensen University. A total of 193 taboo expressions were identified from 35 speech events. The data were analyzed using the classification of taboo language proposed by Edwin L. Battistella, while the contextual analysis was interpreted through the SPEAKING model developed by Dell Hymes. The findings reveal that epithets are the most frequently used type of taboo language in students’ conversations. These expressions are commonly used in informal interactions to express emotions, humor, and solidarity among peers. The study indicates that taboo language in this context functions not only as offensive language but also as a strategy for maintaining social bonding among students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sahlan Tampubolon, Aroon Fritz Ogest Malau, Susanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
English Language Education Students’ Perceptions On The Use Of AI Technology As An Academic Tool At Tadulako University
This research examines the perceptions of English Language Education students at Tadulako University regarding the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as an academic support tool. The study employed a qualitative descriptive design. Data were collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews involving active students in the 2024/2025 academic year. The findings indicate that most students have positive perceptions of AI in academic learning. Students perceive AI as useful for generating ideas, improving writing accuracy, supporting personalized learning, and providing real-time feedback. These features help students complete academic tasks more efficiently and increase their learning motivation. This finding suggests that AI can support students in overcoming common academic difficulties, particularly in writing and independent learning. The results are consistent with the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which emphasizes perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use as key factors influencing technology acceptance. In this study, students accepted AI mainly because it is easy to use and provides immediate benefits in their academic activities. When students find a technology helpful and simple, they are more likely to integrate it into their learning process. However, the study also reveals several concerns. Some students expressed worries about over-dependence on AI, inaccurate information, and ethical issues such as plagiarism and loss of originality. These concerns indicate that while AI offers many advantages, its use also presents potential risks if not properly guided. Despite these challenges, most students demonstrated a good level of ethical awareness. They emphasized that AI should be used as a supporting tool rather than a replacement for their own thinking and academic effort. This shows that students understand the importance of maintaining academic integrity while using AI.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arfiyah Eka Putri, Hasna, Abraham, Mochtar Marhum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
From Oral Tradition To Digital Media: The Recontextualization Of Betawi Culture From Lotman’s Semiotic Perspective In The Works Of Tadjuddin Nur
This article examined the transformation of Betawi oral culture in the digital age through a semiotic analysis of the works of Tadjuddin Nur. Oral culture, which previously existed in the form of live performances, is now shifting to audio-visual digital platforms, such as YouTube. This study employed a semiotic approach by combining Charles Sanders Peirce’s triadic theory of signs and Yuri Lotman’s cultural semiotics perspective to understand how meaning is produced, represented, and reinterpreted in a digital context. Research methods included netnography and multimodal analysis of verbal, visual, and performative elements in Tadjuddin Nur’s YouTube content. The findings revealed that digitization functions as a space for recontextualization, generating new, more interactive, and multimodal forms of oral tradition, where Tadjuddin Nur acts as a cultural mediator bridging oral traditions with digital technology within a dynamic semiosphere. In addition, the study shows that digital media make Betawi oral traditions more accessible to a wider audience. At the same time, these platforms allow the culture to adapt and remain relevant in today’s modern society.
Copyright (c) 2026 Somadi Sosrohadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pedagogical Approaches For Intercultural Awareness: A Qualitative Inquiry Into EFL Teaching Practice In Bima
Intercultural awareness is becoming important in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teaching, especially students will interact with people from different cultural backgrounds in the future. However, This gap can be understood through the lens of intercultural communicative competence (ICC) proposed by Michael Byram, which emphasizes not only linguistic skills but also attitudes, knowledge, and skills for interpreting and relating across cultures. This study investigates how five EFL teachers in Bima integrate cultural elements into their lessons and challenges in their teaching. A qualitative approach was used, involving classroom observations, interviews, and an analysis of lesson documents. The findings show that teachers do include cultural ideas in their teaching, but these moments are usually brief and not fully developed. Teachers often begin with local cultural to help students understand the cultures from other countries, and they adjust their teaching based on students’ reactions. Despite their efforts, teachers face several difficulties, such as students’ limited exposure to global cultures, strict curriculum requirements, sensitive cultural issues, and a lack of training and appropriate materials. Overall, the study shows that intercultural teaching in Bima is present but it does not consistent or deeply developed. More support, training, and resources are needed to help teachers promote intercultural awareness more effectively.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hadijah, Syarifuddin Dollah, Munir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0