ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities

The Washback of Intensive TOEFL Training Program (ITTP) on Student’s Learning Motivation

Ahmed Sardi, Zulkifli Surahmat, Sahril Nur — Fri, 23 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This study attempts to quantify the washback effect of the intense TOEFL training program in order to inspire students' learning through improved test scores. The TOEFL results can then be used for academics objectives and faculty requirements. The study was experimental and included a paired-sample t-test and qualitative descriptive design through interviews (a mixed method). Forty (40) students were chosen from any of the departments at IAIN Parepare to participate, and this was done through pretest, treatments, and posttest. The pre-test and post-test employed in the research procedure were both used to determine the students' beginning scores as well as their final scores. The paired-sample t-test in SPSS is then used to assess the data gathered from the pre-test and post-test. The participants are questioned based on the program's experiences in order to acquire information about the students' learning motivation. The outcome revealed that there were sizable variations between the pre-test and post-test scores of the students. It was evident that participants' total TOEFL scores had improved as a result of the intense training. Also, the data from interview illustrated that the students were well-motivated during the training program. This program can enable the participants to have good self-study, nice self-learning preparation, and more desirably confident to learn English or TOEFL.

Language on Bemo in Kupang: A Landscape Linguistic Approach

Daniel F. Kamengko, Alfred Snae, Nanian N Benu — Fri, 23 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This article discusses signs in the form of writing in public spaces, especially found on bemo (public transportation) in Kupang city through a linguistic landscape approach. The topics discussed are the language used, the form of the language, the dominance of the language, and the perception of the people. Data were obtained from photographs with digital cameras and interviews with informants and then analyzed qualitatively. As a result, the language used on the bemo is multilingual and dominated by English in the form of words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and acronyms. English dominates in each lingual unit except in the form of acronyms. Regarding the use of language in public spaces, especially the written language found on bemo, people feel happy if they find their language visible in public spaces. Therefore, the respondent expected and suggested that it is important to maintain their language. However, they are aware that their mother tongue cannot help in terms of the economy, therefore, government intervention through local language policies is needed for the language survival.

The Role of Money and Fashion in Character Building in Confession of A Shopaholic Movie

Nimas Kharisma Mahanani, Johny Alfian Khusyairi — Fri, 23 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This article discusses the film Confession of A Shopaholic, directed by P.J. Hogan based on Georg Simmel's sociology of money to dismantle the role of money and fashion in the formation of the main character's character. The purpose of this article is to formulate how money problems can change individual character. Georg Simmel's sociology of money points discussed in this article cover two things, namely money as an institution that supports social stratification and the financial system as part of the evolution of society. Simmel's view of fashion is used to support this research. Research data is taken from scenes or dialogues of the main characters in shopping, including when faced with choices. There is a deep connection between money, fashion, social stratification, and the results of the evolution of society which play a role in building the mentality of society itself. Childhood experiences also shape the individual's passion to fulfill his desires as an adult. The results of the study show that the cooperation between money and goods offered by the market is able to drive the emotional side of the individual and the role of the environment to support individuals in finding awareness

Analysis of Hero's Journey in Jack London's "The Call of The Wild"

Julius, Robby Satria — Fri, 23 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This research has the purpose to identify the stages of hero’s journey in Jack London’s novel entitled “The Call of the Wild”, experienced by the main character as the hero. “The Call of the Wild” is a novel that has heroic aspect as the story develops. This novel talks about adventure of a dog that went from a domesticated life into a wild beast. The dog went through sequence of event which then led him to a noble ending. Hero’s journey is a sequence of heroism where experience have distinct characteristic, in which Campbell (2008)mentioned that the pattern is prominent in heroic fiction referred as monomyth. This research applied the design of descriptive qualitative in order to explore detail process of the analysis. The used method to collect data is by using the method of library research by Ratna (2004), and the data analysis used the method of descriptive analysis by Ratna (2004). The result of the research has showed that Buck, the main character of the novel has gone through three stages of hero’s journey with the eight steps of it, they are four steps out of five in departure stage, three steps out of six in initiation stage, and one step out of six in return stage. This leads to the conclusion of hero’s journey is often following the same pattern as theorized and mentioned in the theory of Joseph Campbell.

Student’s Experience of New Learning System in Covid-19 Pandemic

Firmansyah Firmansyah, Salmia Syarifuddin, Yetty Yetty, Susi Astiantih — Fri, 23 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The Covid-19 had changed the educational system in Indonesia. The students must be survived with the change of educational system. They are required to use the internet-based media and technology during covid-19 pandemic. This study aimed to explore how the students experience of the change of learning system from face to face learning to online learning and finding deep information from the students who life in the rural area. The present study applied qualitative research to explore how the students in Maluku Utara survive in distance learning by examine how their experience in online learning. The result of this study gives several contributions about the how the students experience in online learning in Maluku Utara. The first, in conducting online learning the students must struggle with the condition of network in Maluku Utara. There were some areas that is not supported by the network so the students must go to the area that has a good network. This phenomenon becomes the main problem of the students in having online learning. The second, the process of online learning conducted both synchronous and asynchronous. They use social media as the media of communication, giving information and instruction. The third, most of the students used smartphone as the device in conducting online learning. However, in some school the student who does not have smartphone used I-pad from their school. The last, the students from Maluku Utara were easy to adapt the new system of learning.

Positive Politeness Strategies Used by Parents in Peppa Pig Official YouTube Channel

Natasha Ayalus Yoan Yola Yolanda, Barli Bram — Fri, 23 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Parents are the first ones responsible for their children’s speech. Bad and good children’s speech behavior in society would be considered the results of their parents’ teachings. This research was conducted to analyze this phenomenon by exploring the positive politeness used by parents while communicating in front of their children. It showed how parents construct their speech to exemplify good speech behavior to their children. This research used qualitative research, specified to content analysis method to analyze the data. The data were collected from the video entitled “Peppa Pig Official Channel, Peppa Pig Adds Pineapple in Her Pizza” from Peppa Pig Official YouTube Channel. The results showed that the most strategy used was the ‘include both speakers and hearers in the activity’ which appeared in 36 out of 319 utterances. It showed Daddy Pig’s and Mommy Pig’s efforts to promote the politeness of appreciating others’ existence through their speech to their children. Furthermore, all the positive politeness strategies were used by Daddy Pig and Mommy Pig as the parents in Peppa Pig Video. Therefore, this video was recommended for parents to see how they can construct their language politely while speaking with their children. It will help children to get used to speaking politely and appropriately.

Study of Church Name in Kupang City: Linguistic Landscape Approach

Adriana Tunliu, Seprianus A. Nenotek, Naniana N. Benu — Fri, 23 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This article is an ecclesionomatic study in the framework of linguistics landscape discussing the categories and language of church names in Kupang city, Indonesia. Data were obtained from signboards in Kupang City through photographic techniques in September 2021. The results showed that the names of churches in the city of Kupang were divided into 7 categories, namely biblical terms, names of people, names of places, churches as residences, topographic, names of plants and animals. From the language used, there are 7 languages in the church name, namely Indonesian, Hebrew, Greek, Latin, English, Aramaic, and Dawan languages. The use of a foreign language other than English in church names is not related to literacy or congregational culture but has a symbolic function that contains values and ideology because these names are taken from the Bible and have meaning. Meanwhile, English follows developments and shows the internationality of the church. In addition, the Dawan language is the only language used in the name of the church to show the locality of culture and as a marker of identity in the area.

Chinese-American Liminality in Everything, Everywhere All at Once (2022)

Alexei Wahyudiputra, Antonius Rahmat Pujo Purnomo — Sat, 24 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Diasporas are often said to live in “two worlds”. The conflicting relationship between their physical and mental states results in a fissure where symbolic and physical violence become the main drive for diaspora to survive. This violence comes not only due to these diaspora’s own inner conflicts, but also due to the discrepancies between their native and internalized culture with the external norms and values that surround them in their current stay. The theme of diaspora and violence has been recurrent in American cinematic representation. As the most recent example, an independent film entitled Everything, Everywhere All at Once delves into this issue by incorporating a storyline of a Chinese-diasporic family in the United States who encounters various problems regarding their cultural differences to their surroundings. This article seeks to examine the cultural dynamics only of Evelyn, Waymond, and Joy in the film’s storyline amidst the abundance of multiversal plot points that serve as the pivotal exposition in the film. The analyses are textually grounded based on Homi Bhabha’s notion of liminality and contextually on the differing conception of violence in Chinese and American contexts respectively. This article draws from a Taoist concept of Wu wei to interpret the latter point. This study finds that the film represents diasporic characters within a liminal space that forces them to produce their own “maneuver” in order to survive. The parental problems that Evelyn has with Joy as well as her familial and ideological problems with Waymond are found to be propelled by such culturally-laden maneuvers. The film then can be read as an allegory of Chinese-American diaspora’s liminal experience in the United States. This allegory contains an ethical stance where the idea of non-violence (wu wei) becomes the utopian message of the film.

The Local Wisdom on Language Politeness Education in the Use of PO-5 Philosophy in Buton Community: Ethnopedagogical Study

Ridwan Amsyah, Mochammad Rizki Juanda — Sat, 24 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to reveal the relationship between the concept of politeness from experts and the concept of politeness in the PO-5 philosophy along with its implementation and language evidence for the implementation of the PO-5 philosophy. This descriptive qualitative research used 10 conversations as the data of the study. The data collection was carried out in three ways, they are literature study, interview, and observation. The results of this research indicated that the philosophy of PO-5 is part of the local wisdoms of the Buton Islands Community where the findings consisted of 3 data of Pobhinci-bhinciki kuli, 6 data of pomae-maeaka, 4 data of pomaa-masiaka, 2 data of popia-piara, and 1 data of poangka-angkataka. The PO-5 philosophy contains many moral educations for community, one of them is related to language politeness. Philosophy of PO-5 has similarities with the maxim model of Geoffrey Leech (1993). The similarities are found between maxim of tact and Pobhinci-bhinciki kuli, maxim of generosity and pomae-maeaka, maxim of sympathy and Pomaa-maasiaka, maxim of agreement and popia-piara, and maxim of approbation and poangka-angkataka

Institutionalization, Organizational Commitment, and Hope for Personal Fulfillment in The Shawshank Redemption

Chia-Li Lin, Ya-huei Wang — Sun, 25 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Institutionalization is a socialization process through which the values, beliefs, policies, and practices of an organization are instilled within the members of that organization that they might collectively adopt these values or rules and commit themselves to that organization. However, those being institutionalized under authoritarian discipline may lose the freedom of their soul and a personal level of self. In order to raise readers’ awareness of the impact of institutionalization and commitment on the individual or collective actors, this study intends to use the film The Shawshank Redemption as a case study, using content analysis as a qualitative research technique to analyze the symbolic scenes in the film in order to reveal how commitment and stability via institutionalization can be brought into the organization. To achieve this goal, the study uses Scott’s institutional theory and Meyer and Allen’s organizational commitment model to demonstrate how commitment may greatly impact people. Those being institutionalized, like Brooks in The Shawshank Redemption, may lose their ability to think and act independently and thus lose their hope for fulfillment. However, those like Andy and, later, Red, choosing to hold on to freedom of the soul and a personal level of self, can deinstitutionalize themselves; break free of the shackles, either physically or spiritually, of the organization; and make a commitment toward their own inner development.

Local Plant Treasures and Functions of Pantun Batobo

Alvi Puspita, Raja Syamsidar, TM. Sum — Tue, 27 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Pantun Batobo is a type of pantun in the Kampar area, Riau Province. This pantun is hummed when doing batobo activities. Batobo is a mutual cooperation activity in working on the fields, starting from the process of planting to harvesting. This study examines the pantun batobo by focusing on two aspects, namely the treasures of local plants found in the pantun and the function of the pantun. Data collection methods used are interview methods and recording techniques. The data analysis method uses descriptive analysis method. The theory used is Alan Dundes' Function Theory and Ecocritical Theory. The results obtained from this study are that from an eco-critic perspective, the batobo pantun is rich in knowledge of local plant treasures stored in the rhyme sampirans. This shows the close kinship between the people who own the pantun and the nature around it. In terms of function, this pantun has a function as a fun escape from reality and turns boring work into a game. The pantun batobo is not only a pantun muda-mudi filled with feelings, but it contains the perspective of the people who own the pantun about macrocosm and microcosm.

Machine Translation: Source-Oriented and Target-Oriented Approaches

Ni Made Ayu Widiastuti, Ni Ketut Sri Rahayuni — Tue, 27 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Machine translation has become one of the important features in social media especially on Instagram. This case study investigates the English-Indonesian translations of sentences as the caption on Instagram, as well as analyses the source-oriented and target-oriented translations shown by the target language structures and styles. The frequency of occurrence is also calculated in order to analyze the different parts of sentences that are translated by applying source-oriented and target-oriented approaches. The data were collected from an Instagram account that has a long caption consisting twenty-nine sentences and also one phrase in English and their translations in Indonesian. The data were classified into the language expressions types and then analyzed based on the source-oriented and target-oriented translation approaches (Toury, 1980, 2012). The results show that there are three types of language expressions, they are common expressions, idiom, and phrasal verbs. In terms of the frequency of occurrence, 62% of all parts of sentences are translated based on the target-oriented approach. It reveals that the TL is good enough for the target readers to understand the messages and meanings of the original language. The common expressions are the most frequent parts of sentences that are translated based on the target-oriented approach. Idiom and phrasal verbs do not represent the analyzed data to draw the conclusion as there are only one idiom and four phrasal verbs out of twenty-six data (19%) found.

Keywords: source-oriented, target-oriented, machine translation, English-Indonesian, Instagram caption

Languange Learning Adapatation Model In The Era of Society 5.0

Mon, 09 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This article aims to explain the adaptation model of language learning in the 5.0 society era. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The data used a library study on various studies of Language learning in the 5.0 era of society. The data were then identified and analyzed to build an understanding of the adaptation model of language learning in the 5.0 era as a form of response to future learning. The results of this study indicate that the adaptation model of Language learning to the era of society 5.0 is closely related to mastery of the field of Language which is integrated with mastery of the latest Information Technology, and mastery of 21st-century skills, namely creative thinking, critical thinking and problem solving, communication, and collaboration. However, the adaptation process and its results are largely determined by the ability of lecturers, students, and supporting facilities and infrastructure so that they can run well.

Variations of Relative Clause Translation from Indonesian to English

Tyas Gita Atibrata — Fri, 30 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Relative clauses are clauses that explain a noun in order to define or explain a noun further, articles, adjectives, or relative clauses are often used. In an effort to translate from the source language into the target language there is often a strategy used in translating these relative clauses. There are differences in realization in translating these relative clauses, making the researcher wanted to know on how the variations in the equivalent translation of Indonesian relative clauses into English are. There is a novel and its translation used in this research design. The novel that will be used as a source of data in this study is Bumi Manusia by Pramoedya Ananta Toer and its translation ‘The Earth of Mankind’. Data collection was carried out by listening (observing method) and noting (note-taking method) the relative clauses of data on novels in the Indonesian language as the source language and their translation into the target language. The data were then analyzed to find equivalent relative clause variants in Indonesian in English. By analysisng the data it can be found that the variations of relative clause translation from Indonesian to English are (1) relative clauses (with relative pronoun who, which, that, whose, whom), (2) adjectives, (3) present participle, (4) past participle, (5) noun phrase, (6) prepositional phrase, (7) noun class, and (8) verb.

Improving Students’ Critical Thinking through Guided Discovery Learning Method in Argumentative Texts Reading

Henny Dwi Iswati, Oikurema Purwati — Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

To effectively satisfy the 21st century learning capabilities, students' critical thinking abilities must be improved, especially in higher education. When learning to read, this can be performed. In this instance, the students should employ their critical reading strategies. students can employ critical reading practices to develop their critical thinking abilities. In this study, an argumentative text was chosen since students in higher education should be able to write scientific papers like theses and journal articles. This study aims to apply the Guided Discovery Learning method in critical reading classes using argumentative texts. This research was conducted on third semester students of the English Education study program, Surabaya State University. Data collection was obtained through observation, tests, and questionnaires. The results of the study show that the reading of argumentation texts becomes more in-depth and critical after the Guided Discovery Learning method is applied. This increase is partly due to the existence of elements of experience and concrete situations that make it easier for students to understand problems and make decisions in a comprehensive manner.

Keywords: Critical Thinking, Guided Discovery Learning, Argumentative text.

The Impact of Literature for Indonesian Sustainable Tourism

Waode Surya Darmadali — Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Literature plays an important role in promoting sustainable tourism. Depicting the uniqueness of its culture and society with all the surroundings where literature grows, develops, and impacts. Literary Tourism established the relationship between literature and tourism where it illustrates a form of travel that occupy under the types of tourism, describing an instrument designed for the conservational purposes of specific category of cultural heritage such as the current case objectives, locations, events related to different aspects of literature. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the impact of literature for sustainable tourism in Indonesia. The method is used is exploratory qualitative research where it identifies existent resources of literature to foster Indonesian sustainable tourism through utilizing literature from various sources including media, website to obtain data related to literature, tourism, and tourist attraction. This paper offers an interdiciplinary approach that combines literary studies and tourism studies and the strong relation between literature and sustainable tourism and vice versa.

Keywords: Literary tourism,sustainable, Indonesia, Culture, Society

Marvel Comics in The Context of Literary Tourism

Diana Budi Darma, Nur Chakim, Fithriyah Inda Nur Abida — Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims at discussing Marvel comics as a part of literary tourism. Marvel comics play an important role in supporting tourism development. The worldwide popularity of Marvel comics has also increased the popularity of the places that used as the setting in the comics. This study used literature review with a qualitative descriptive approach. The data is identified, classified and then interpreted based on a literary tourism and literary events. The results of the study shows that the representation of places in comic books can pique readers' interest in visiting those places. This popularity has an effect on rising tourism-related factors, monetary gains, state income, and the promotion of regional culture.

Singing Formula of Kelong Jaga (Kajang Oral Tradition)

A. Tenrinia Asmanur — Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This study focuses on the formula of Kelong Jaga. This study used a descriptive qualitative method in which data were the lyrics of Kelong Jaga then analyzed based on theory of Lord (1981). The result shows that singers of Kelong Jaga use ready common repeated pattern from tradition but in some certain part they usually have to improvise the lyric. The way of learning of Kelong Jaga starts from listening the performance in every opportunity, then practicing in leisure time, and finally trying to get the opportunity to perform in front of the real audience. The formula is distinguished in some parts, namely line analysis, parallel sense, and filler occurred in the Kelong Jaga. It is involved by some ideas that generally mean having good attitude to others, as a guest and as a host. It is involved some ideas namely, 1) Respecting ada’; 2) Party or feast; 3) Telling story about a single girl; 4) Unity and kinship; 5) Giving the best service to the guest; 6) Acting the best attitude to the host; and 7) Keeping earth or environment. It is suggested to youth to learn and perpetuate kelong jaga as oral tradition in Kajang community, thus extinction threat could be avoided.

Keywords: Singing formula, Kelong Jaga, oral tradition, Kajang community.

Interpersonal Meaning in the Gettysburg Address (Systemic Functional Analysis)

Andi Risang Qinthar Latunra — Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to uncover the types of mood and modality used in the Gettysburg Address and how Abraham Lincoln uses them to give dedication and emphasize the struggle to achieve union and equality. This study employed descriptive qualitative research design in analyzing the data. the data were collected from the text of the Gettysburg Address. After the data were collected, they were categorized into their proper interpersonal meaning elements classification. Then, the writer determined whether the data are in declarative mood, imperative mood, or interrogative mood, and revealed the type, orientation, and value of the modalities. Finally, the writer explained the mood and modality used by the speaker to give dedication and emphasize the struggle to achieve union and equality. The result shows that declarative mood occurs the most compared to the imperative mood. By using declarative mood, the speaker explains that they are struggling to win the war, they are going to give dedication for the fallen soldiers, and they are continuing their unfinished work to achieve union and equality. Meanwhile, the speaker uses imperative mood to command the listener that they must dedicate a portion of the aftermath field for their fallen soldiers who struggled to achieve union and equality. In using modality, the speaker positions their messages in the degree of Probability, Obligation, Inclination, and usuality. Most of them are in a high value and the rest are in median and low value.

“Sleep” Subtype of Rest Verbs in English and Buginese: Dixon’s Theoritical Framework

Wahyuningsi Fahrah, Abdul Hakim Yassi, Sukmawaty Sukmawaty — Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The aims of this research are (1) To identify rest verbs in English and Buginese based on Dixon's classification of sleep subtypes. (2) To examine the distinctions and equivalences between the English and Buginese Sit subtypes of Rest verbs in terms of semantics and grammatical structure. While the data for Buginese were gained from field research through the process of observation and in-depth interview, the data for English were taken from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). Both sets of data were evaluated using qualitative and descriptive methods. This study's findings demonstrate that (1) there are six rest verbs of Sleep subtype in English, they are sleep, nap, doze, siesta, drowse, catnap, and beauty sleep. While in Buginese, there are many verbs that refers to rest verb, they are Tinro’, lewu’, makkapeddeng’,cakkaruddu’, mappalempu’, moppang’, lengeng’, nDitti’, manippi’, mappasau’ tengngeng’, maggalelu’ mangkangulu’, makkadukku’, maggalengkeng’, mappalangka’, mabboco’, ma’ranjang, maggalampang’, rebba’-rebba’, lesso’, mammauneng’, mangoro’and mabbenni’. (2) Clause structure and stance of resting are two areas where the main distinctions between rest verbs in English and Buginese based on the Sleep subtype may be recognized. According to clause structure, an NP in English is followed by a VP, however in Buginese it is acceptable for a VP to be followed by an NP that is denoted by the prefix Ma'- in VP. From the perspective of the resting aspect, cultural background has a significant impact on the different rest verb forms. Keywords: Preposition, locus, culture, rest verbs, semantic verb kinds.

An Error Analysis on the Use of Simple Present Tense in Descriptive Text

Hikmanisa Bahtiar, Muh. Yusuf Liza — Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The aims of this research include: (1) to identify the types of errors made by 12th grade of the students SMAN 13 Bone in their writing descriptive text, (2) to find out the dominant type of error, (3) to discover the source of error. This research used mix method. The instrument used in collecting the data was writing test. The test was given twice to the students. The population of this research was the 12th grade of the students SMAN 13 Bone. The sample was the 10% of the whole population which consisted of 42 students. In analyzing the data, the researcher found that the students made errors in using simple present tense in writing a descriptive text. The types of errors discovered, namely omission errors, addition errors, misformation errors, and misordering errors. The omission and misformation errors found to be the dominant errors in the students’ writing descriptive text. The sources of errors include Inter-lingual and Intra-lingual transfer.

Utilizing Online Dictionary Game to Empower Students’ Vocabulary Acquisition at Junior Secondary School: A Case Study at SMP Negeri 12 Tamalanrea Makassar

Abidin Pammu — Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract

Vocabulary acquisition has been the main concern of the researchers around the globe but still little can be reported about what best strategies to enhance vocabulary learning. The main concern of the present study is improvement of vocabulary learning by means of online dictionary game one of the leading secondary schools in Makassar. The main objective is to help teacher empower their teaching aids in order to strengthen the ability of learners in improving their own lexical items beyond school instruction. A mixed-method research design was utilized in undertaking the research. Thirty (30) students were randomly selected out of a 120 total population of the second grade as the sample of the study. The quantitative method was obtained from pre-test and post-test result. Meanwhile, the qualitative method was obtained from the results of in-depth interview analysis. The results confirm that almost all students make a significant increase on the achievement of vocabulary acquisition after the intervention. This study confirms very strong assurance that online vocabulary learning utilizing dictionary provides a substantial basis for EFL successful teaching and learning in Indonesian context.The research bears significant pedagogical implications for Indonesian teachers to constantly push their students to use dictionary, notably online dictionary that they can easily access through their mobile phone.

Keywords: Vocabulary, Improve, Game, Online, Acquisition

Need Analysis on Lexical Units of Reading Material in An ELT Textbook

Ro'ifah, Waode Hamsia — Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Learning source is one of essential learning aspects for learning foreign or second language. Using learning sources is hoped to be able to enable learners increase the learners’ language mastery exclusively in terms of vocabulary. The learning sources especially reading materials used in the teaching learning activity must be designed for accomplishing lexical units needed by the learners based on the learning objectives, satisfactory vocabulary in the relations of number and range. This research aims to evaluate whether the learning materials especially reading materials of the textbook, Developing English Competencies 3 fulfill can the learners’ need on vocabulary acquisition. A descriptive quantitative study with the specific linguistic field, corpus was designed for this research. RANGE and FREQUENCY, a computational device as instruments created by Nation in 2001 and then, advanced by Heatley, Nation, and Coxhead in 2002 was used to count the lexical units. By comparing to general frequency list, Michael West’s GSL (1953), it was found that the book was accomplishing the lexical needed by the learners of high school level in vocabulary quantity and range in the reading materials because of the amount of 5,064 tokens and 1,434 types only with the unfair distribution based on Nation ‘s three ranges. In brief, the book looks like very distant from the frame of the learners’ needs. In addition, it is restricted to propose the possible comprehensive situations where the learners can present in the daily communication.

Dixon’s Framework Model of Think Verbs in English and Wawonii Language

Mirdad Mirdad, Harlina Sahib, Karmila Mokoginta — Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the current study is to examine the employment of the Think verbs in English and Wawonii language, employing Dixon’s framework model of semantic and grammatical relations. In analyzing the phenomenon of the Think verbs in English and Wawonii, this study uses a descriptive qualitative methodology. The data for English is taken from a corpus of contemporary American English (COCA), including the definition of the conceptual meaning of the Think verbs in a thesaurus dictionary and Journals. The Wawonii language data is obtained through depth online interviews. The participants are 10 indigenous Wawonii people in Kabupaten Konawe Kepulauan, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Several procedures are applied to analyze the data; first, the data for the English language from COCA is constructed with the data of the Wawonii language that had been collected. Then, presenting both of the data based on Dixon’s framework model. The final step is concluding the data reflecting the main point of the analysis relying on Dixon’s framework model. This study discovered that (1) There are three Thinking verbs of the Think subtype in English they are Think of, Think over, and Think about, while in the Wawonii language, there are six Think verbs; Mepikiri Kanaampe, Pepikiri kida, Tepikiri kio, Kohawa-hawa Kanaampe, Momaana, and Mompatudu. (2) Dixon’s five framework model of Think verbs is employed in both languages. This study contributes to the language and society to enrich a variety of works of literature that can be used to learn English and the Wawonii language.

The Reasons for EFL University Students Employ Hedges during Their Speaking Class

Imran Trista Udin, Zulkhaeriyah, Fiviyanti Hasim — Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Communication is important in language schools because it connects the meaning of a person's thoughts. As a result, as foreign language learners, students must grasp how to engage effectively with other students. In this regard, the researcher believed it was critical to explore English Foreign Language (EFL) university students' communication styles during their speaking class, which included hedges. The research aims were to discover the sorts of hedges used by EFL university students during their speaking class in an academic context, as well as the reasons why EFL university students used hedges during their speaking class. This study was conducted at Politeknik LP3I Makassar and it was focused on the students in the first semester in subject Basic Speaking with the total participants were 23 students of one class. The method used was descriptive qualitative method. There were 6 recordings in the interview sections the theory from Riekkinen and Svarova (2009) was used to analyze the data gained. After transcribing and analyzing the data, the results showed that the students employ hedges for some reasons. The first reason was to express a personal evaluation or a suggestion to put into practice for a current situation, the second reason was markers of vagueness that will enable students to express uncertainty, the third reason gained in interview section was to apply a need in a situational context such as request, seek permission, and giving advice, and the last reason was to apply politeness in requesting the attention of the hearer.