Peningkatan (Upgrading) Rantai Nilai Sektor Pertanian Indonesia: Kajian Teori dan Hasil-hasil Empiris
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Rantai nilai sektor pertanian negara berkembang, termasuk Indonesia, merupakan bagian dari rantai nilai global, terutama untuk rantai nilai produk perkebunan yang diperdagangkan secara global (misalnya kopi, kakao, teh, dan kelapa sawit). Banyak peneliti menggunakan perspektif rantai nilai global dengan fokus mengevaluasi hubungan antara perusahaan multinasional (yang dianggap sebagai aktor utama) dan aktor lain (termasuk produsen dan konsumen) dalam perdagangan internasional. Namun, argumen bahwa negara berkembang perlu memiliki kendali lebih besar atas rantai nilai global patut mendapat perhatian. Oleh karena itu, studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi strategi-strategi potensial untuk meningkatkan rantai nilai secara keseluruhan dan dengan cara yang lebih sistematis; sehingga memperkuat posisi dan pengaruhnya dalam rantai nilai global. Tujuan penelitian dicapai dengan meninjau literatur secara khusus tentang rantai nilai, tetapi juga dengan memperluas tinjauan ke literatur tentang politik, ekonomi dan manajemen. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga diperkuat dengan hasil penelitian empiris sebagai 'kasus' atau 'contoh' terkait dengan strategi yang diusulkan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan rantai nilai dicapai melalui kombinasi strategi, misalnya peningkatan nilai tambah produk dan perbaikan tata kelola rantai. Selain itu, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa di era pasar liberalisasi, peran pemerintah seharusnya lebih terlihat. Pasar yang diliberalisasi tidak selalu mencapai ekuilibrium yang optimal, oleh karena itu pemerintah harus dapat memperbaikinya dengan peraturan dan/atau kebijakan yang relevan.
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