Moderasi Islam, Salafisme, dan Reformasi Kerajaan Arab Saudi oleh Muhammad Bin Salman
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20956/jna.v21i2.35055Abstract
Penelitian ini mengkaji penggunaan istilah moderat dan moderasi Islam dalam berbagai isu sosial dan politik di dunia Islam, khususnya di Arab Saudi. Istilah moderasi Islam (wasathiyah) menjadi populer setelah peristiwa 9/11 pada tahun 2001 yang mengubah peta gerakan Islam kontemporer. Dalam konteks kekuasaan, istilah moderasi Islam digunakan oleh pemerintah Arab Saudi sebagai salah satu strategi kekuasaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan memanfaatkan informasi yang diperoleh melalui media sosial di dunia Islam yang dianalisis secara kritis sebagai diskursus (wacana). Teori Governmentality Foucault (1980) digunakan sebagai alat analisis untuk menelaah penggunaan istilah moderasi Islam dalam berbagai kepentingan kekuasaan. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa istilah moderasi Islam digunakan sebagai strategi kekuasaan oleh pemerintah Arab Saudi yang dijalankan oleh Muhammad bin Salman (MBS). Dengan wacana moderasi Islam, MBS dapat mengontrol kekuasaan termasuk meminggirkan ulama yang tidak sepaham dengannya. MBS juga menggunakan wacana moderasi Islam untuk mendapatkan dukungan dari masyarakat, khususnya dari kalangan yang awalnya mungkin skeptis terhadap agenda reformasi dalam Visi Saudi 2030.
Kata kunci: Moderasi Islam, Arab Saudi, Visi Saudi 2030, Governmentality
References
Ad-Dzuhaili, Wahbah. 2010. Mausu’ah Al-Fiqh Al-Islamiy walqadhaya Al-Mua’shirah, vol 13, Damaskus: Daarul Fikr.
Al-Qaradhawi, Yusuf. 1983. al-Khashaish al-‘Ammah li al-Islam, Beirut: Mu’assasah ar-Risalah,1404/1983.
Al-Rasheed, Madawi. 2011. Counter-Revolution: Saudi Responses to the Arab Spring, Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism: Vol. 11, No. 3.
As-Shalabi, Ali Muhammad Muhammad. 2001. al-Wasathiyyah fi Al-Qur’an. Kairo: Maktabat at-Tabi’in.
Alternan, Jon B. and William McCants. 2019. Saudi Arabia: Islamist Rising and Falling, Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) Joint Project of the Middle East Program and Transnational Project Accessed on: https://www.csis.org/ .
Azra, A. 1994. Jaringan ulama: Timur Tengah dan kepulauan Nusantara abad XVII dan XVIII: melacak akar-akar pembaruan pemikiran Islam di Indonesia. Mizan Publising.
Chalik, A. 2016. The Position of Islam Nusantara in Geopolitical Dynamics of Islamic World. Miqot: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman. https://doi.org/10.30821/miqot.v40i2.311
Christomy, Tommy. 2002. Indonesia, tanda yang retak. Jakarta : Wedatama Widya Sastra.
El-Mawa, M. (2015). Teks dan Karakter Islam Nusantara.. https://www.nu.or.id/post/read/58821/teks-dan-karakter-islamnusantara
Hoffman, Jonathan. Religion, State, and Politics in Saudi Arabia. 2019. Middle East Policy, Vol. XXXVI, No. 3.
Hasyim, S. 2013. State and Religion: Considering Indonesian Islam as Model of Democratisation for the Muslim World. Friedrich - Naumann-Stiftung für die Freiheit.
Jahroni, Jajang.2012. The Political Economy of Knowledge Shariah and Saudi Scholarship in Indonesia. Journal of Indonesian Islam, the Institute for the Study of Religion and Society (LSAS) and the Postgraduate Program (PPs), IAIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya.
Kovacs, A. 2014. Saudi Arabia Exporting Salafi Education and Radicalizing Indonesia’s Muslim. GIGA Focus. Leibniz-Institut Fur Globale Und Regionale Studien.
Lacroix, Stephane. 2011. Awakening Islam: The Politics of Religious Dissert in Contemporary Saudi Arabia, Harvard University Press: Cambridge, Massachusetts London.
Lacroix, Stephane. 2004. Between Islamists and Liberals: Saudi Arabia’s New Islamo-Liberal Reformists. Middle East Journal. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4330029
Lacroix, Stephane. 2014. Saudi Arabia’s Muslim Brotherhood predicament. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/ news/monkey-cage/wp/2014/03/20/saudi-arabias-muslim-brother- hood-predicament/?utm_term=.f3b04fe78fc2
Moleong, Lexy J. 2005. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif . Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Nurdin, Fauziah. 2021. Moderasi Beragama menurut Al-Qur’an dan Hadist, Jurnal Ilmiah Al Mu’ashirah: Media Kajian Al-Qur'an dan Al-Hadits Multi Perspektif.
Pew Research (2013). The Worlds Muslim Relegion Politic Society Overview: https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2013/04/30/the-worlds-muslims-religion-politics-society-overview/
Qodir, Z. 2016. Islam Nusantara as Moderate and Tolerant Islam: a Literature Research. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 5(1), 69–84. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpi.2016.51.69-84
Qandil, Mohammad Mokhtar (2018). The Muslim Brotherhood and Saudi Arabia: From Then to Now. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/fikraforum/view/the-muslim-brotherhood-and- saudi-arabia-from-then-to-now
Saifuddin, Lukman Hakim. 2019. Moderasi Beragama. Jakarta: Badan Litbang dan DiklatKementerian Agama RI.
Schmid, A. P. 2013. Radicalisation, De-Radicalisation, Counter- Radicalisation: A Conceptual Discussion and Literature Review. Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism Studies. https://doi.org/10.19165/
Schmid, A. P. 2017. Moderate Muslims and Islamist Terrorism: Between Denial and Resistance. ICCT Research Paper. https://doi.org/ 10.19165/2017.1.09
Tim Komisi Dakwah dan Pengembagngan Masyarakat-MUI. 2019. Islam Wasathiyah, . Jakarta: Komisi Dakwah dan Pengembagngan Masyarakat-MUI.
Van Es, Margaretha A, Nina ter Laan & Erik Meinema. 2021. Beyond ‘radical’ versus ‘moderate’? New perspectives on the politics of moderation in Muslim majority and Muslim minority settings. Religion, 51:2, 161-168, DOI: 10.1080/0048721X.2021.1865616
Wahyudhi, Nostalgiawan. 2019. Problematika Kekuatan Islam Politik di Arab Saudi (dalam buku: Politik Islam Arab Saudi, Kuwait dan Uni Emirat Arab. ed: Muhamamd Fakhry Ghafur. Jakarta: LIPI Press.
Zamimah, Iffati. 2018. Moderatisme Islam dalam Konteks Keindonesiaan (Studi Penafsiran Islam Moderat M. Quraish Shihab), Jurnal Institut Ilmu Al-Qur’an (IIQ) Volume 1, Nomor 1, Juli 2018.
Sumber berita:
Al-Jazeera (2017). Saudi and the Brotherhood: From Friends to Foe. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/6/23/saudi-and-the-brotherhood-from-friends-to-foes, diakses 20 Februari 2024.
Arab News (2017). Full Transcript: Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman interview with Saudi journalist Abdullah Al-Mudaifer: https://www.arabnews.com/node/1850146/media, diakses 2 Maret 2024.
Al-Arabiya (2017). MBS Ingin Timur Tengah Jadi New Eropa (Arabic). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dmck4kNGjpg, diakses 24 Februari 2024.
Foreign Policy (2019). Mohammed Bin Salmans Fake Anti-Extremist Campaign. https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/06/13/mohammed-bin-salmans-fake-anti-extremist-campaign/, diakses 10 Maret 2024.
The Guardian (2017). I Will Return Saudi Arabia Moderate : Crown Prince. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/24/i-will-return-saudi-arabia-moderate-islam-crown-prince, diakses 13 Maret 2024.
Washington Post (2018). Saudi prince denies Kushner is ‘in his pocket’. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/saudi-prince-denies-kushner-is-in-his-pocket/2018/03/22/701a9c9e-2e22-11e8-8688-e053ba58f1e4_story.html, diakses 15 Maret 2024.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All right reserved. The articles in this journal are under copyright of journal Nady al-Adab and the author of the article. No part of the articles may be reproduced without permission of the journal management