Potency and Carrying Capacity of Rice Straw for Beef Cattle Feeding in East Kalimantan

Authors

H. Mayulu Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mulawarman, Jl. Paser Belengkong Kampus Gunung Kelua Samarinda 75123
Suhardi Suhardi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mulawarman, Jl. Paser Belengkong Kampus Gunung Kelua Samarinda 75123

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20956/jitp.v4i3.1226

Abstract

Utilization of rice straw instead of green fodder is very potential to meet the scarcity of green fodder in the dry season. Low nutrient content and bulky characteristic of rice straw can be anticipated through treatment. Optimal utilization of rice straw provides opportunities for a waste-free production concept of low external input sustainable agriculture (LEISA). The research was conducted in two stages: 1) survey using purposive sampling techniques to determine the potential quantity of rice straw in three districts; and 2) a laboratory experiment, aimed to determine the potential nutritional quality of rice straw. Surveys in the form of data collection on the extent of paddy rice crops, the number of beef cattle population as the basis for determining the carrying capacity of rice straw in providing the feed. Laboratory experiments included sample preparation of rice straw through the enumeration, drying, determination of dry matter (DM), and proximate analysis. The results showed that average yield of rice straw in the area of research during the last five years was +9.799; +8.302; +7.079; +8.714; and +6.432 tons/year, respectively. The average population was 1.264, 1.616, 1.842, 1.683, and 1.919 animal unit (AU)/year, respectively. The average feed requirement for beef cattle was 44.609, 23.719, 20.225, 24.897, and 18.377 tons/year, respectively. On the average, carrying capacity per year was 54.07, 78.91, 20.16, 65.91, and 16.58 AU/year, respectively. Chemical composition of rice straw according to proximate analysis was DM=87.85%, crude protein=4.86%, ether extract=0.91%, crude fibre = 41.07%, Nitrogen free extract = 36.98%, and Total digestible nutrient = 46.65%. In conclusion, in terms of quantity and quality, rice straw has the potential to meet the needs of beef cattle feed in Penajam Paser Utara, Kutai Kartanegara and Berau.

References

Adiwimarta, K. I. S. 2012. Pengukuran Kualitas Pakan Sapi. Citra Aji Parama, Yogyakarta.

Akhadiarto, S. 2009. Pengaruh pemberian ransum limbah jerami padi dan onggok melalui perlakuan cairan rumen terhadap performa domba. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 10 (2): 215–221.

Diwyanto, K. 2008. Pemanfaatan sumber daya lokal dan inovasi teknologi dalam mendukung pengembangan sapi potong di Indonesia. Pengembangan Inovasi Pertanian 1 (3): 173-188.

Elly, F. H., B. M. Sinaga, S. U. Kuntjoro dan N. Kusnadi. 2008. Pengembangan usaha ternak sapi rakyat melalui integrasi sapi-tanaman di Sulawesi Utara. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian, 27 (2): 63–68.

Hartadi, H., S.. Reksohadiprodjo dan A.D. Tilman. 1997. Tabel Komposisi Pakan untuk Indonesia. Cetakan ke-4. Gajah Mada Press, Jakarta.

Kusnadi, U. 2008. Inovasi teknologi peternakan dalam sistem integrasi tanaman-ternak untuk menunjang swasembada daging. Pengembangan Inovasi Pertanian 1 (3): 189–205.

Mathius, I. W dan A. P. Sinurat. 2001. Pemanfaatan bahan pakan inkonvensional untuk ternak. Wartazoa 11 (2): 20–31.

Mayulu, H. 2012. Optimalisasi Sumberdaya Pakan Ruminansia Berbasis Agrosistem Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Melalui Teknologi Complete Feed. [Disertasi] Program Doktor Ilmu Peternakan Program Pasca Sarjana Universitas Diponegoro Semarang, Semarang.

Mayulu, H., Sunarso., C. I. Sutrisno dan Sumarsono. 2010. Kebijakan pengembangan peternakan sapi potong di Indonesia. Jurnal Litbang, 29 (1): 34–41.

Mayulu, H. 2008. Pengaruh Penggunaan Complete Feed Berbasis Jerami Padi Amoniasi-Fermentasi Terhadap Produktivitas dan Kelayakan Usaha Sapi Potong. [Tesis] Program Magister Ilmu Peternakan Program Pascasarjana Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang.

National Research Council. 2000. Nutrient Reguirements of Beef Cattle. Oklahoma Cooperative Extention Service, Oklahoma State University.

Riady, M. 2004. Tantangan dan peluang peningkatan produksi sapi potong menuju 2020. Dalam: Setiadi B. et al., Editor. Prosiding Lokakarya Nasional Sapi Potong. Yogyakarta 8–9 Oktober 2004. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Peternakan. Bogor. hal: 3-6.

Sumarsono. 2008. Tanaman Pakan pada Intervensi Sistem Pertanian Berwawasan Lingkungan (Pidato Pengukuhan Guru Besar Universitas Diponegoro tanggal 15 Maret 2008). Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro Semarang, Semarang.

Sunarso, L. K. Nuswantara, A. Setiadi and Budiyono. 2011. The performance of beef cattle fed by complete feed. International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET-IJENS 11 (01): 260–263.

Sunarso. 2003a. Konsep zero waste dalam sistem integrasi ternak tanaman pangan (Pidato ilmiah disampaikan dalam acara Dies Natalis XVI Universitas Semarang 28 Januari 2003). Universitas Semarang, Semarang.

Sunarso. 2003b. Pakan ruminansia dalam sistem integrasi ternak-pertanian (Pidato Pengukuhan Guru Besar Universitas Diponegoro 10 September 2003). Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro Semarang, Semarang.

Sutardi, T. 2001. Revitalisasi peternakan sapi perah melalui penggunaan ransum berbasis limbah perkebunan dan suplemen mineral organik. Penelitian RUT VIII.1. Kementerian Negara Riset dan Teknologi bersama Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Bogor.

Sutrisno, C. I. 2009. Pemanfaatan sumberdaya pakan lokal terbarui. Dalam: Sumarsono, L. D. Mahfudz, D. W. Widjajanto, M, Karno, E. Pangestu, L. N. Kustiawan, T. A. Sarjana dan Surono. Editor. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Kebangkitan Peternakan 20 Mei 2009.Universitas Diponegoro. hal. 30–43.

Sutrisno, C. I. 2001. Integrasi rekayasa teknologi dan implementasinya. Jurnal pengembangan Peternakan Tropis. Edisi Spesial: KS 1-9.

Tangendjaja, B. 2009. Teknologi pakan dalam menunjang industri peternakan di Indonesia. Pengembangan Inovasi Pertanian 2 (3): 192–197.

Utomo, R. 2004. Review hasil-hasil penelitian pakan sapi potong. Wartazoa, 14 (3): 116–124.