Intensitas Curah Hujan Memicu Tanah Longsor Dangkal di Sulawesi Selatan
Downloads
The rainfall induced landslides including shallow landslides have resulted in substantial property damage as well as loss of human lives. In recent years, the South Sulawesi province has been affected by numerous shallow landslide phenomena caused by particularly intense rains. The main objective of this study was to analyze the shallow landslides caused by intense rain that took place between 3rd and 4th May 2011 in the province of South Sulawesi and to determine rainfall thresholds for shallow landslides warning. The findings showed that rainfall intensity over 50 mm/hr might cause shallow landslides that could cause damage to property including loss of human lives. The threshold, as defined by the lower boundary of the points representing shallow landslides-triggering rainfall events, is expressed as I=52D-0.79. The threshold rainfall for shallow landslides could be very important information to develop the warning system in the study area.
Aleotti, P., 2004. A warning system of rainfall-induced shallow failure, Engineering Geology, Vol. 73, pp. 247–265.
Blong, R.J. and Dunkerley, D.L., 1976. Landslides in the Razorback area, New South Wales, Australia, Geogr.Ann, Vol. 58A, pp. 139–149.
Brand, E.W., Premchitt, J. and Phillipson, H.B., 1984. Relationship between rainfall and landslides in Hong Kong. Proc. of the IV International Symposium on Landslides, Toronto, Vol. 1, pp. 377–384.
Caine, N., 1980. The rainfall intensity–duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows, Geografiska Annaler, Vol. 62A, pp. 23–27.
Campbell, R.H., 1975. Soil slips, debris flows, and rainstorms in the Santa Monica Mountains and vicinity, Southern California, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 851, pp. 1–20.
Cancelli, A. and Nova, R., 1985. Landslides in soil debris cover triggered by rainstorm in Valtellina (Central Alps, Italy), Proc. Of the IV International Conference on Landslides, Tokyo, Vol. 1, pp. 267– 272.
Cannon, S.H. and Ellen, S.D., 1985. Rainfall conditions for abundant debris avalanches, San Francisco Bay region, California, California Geology, Vol. 38, No.12, pp. 267– 272.
Ceriani, M., Lauzi, S. and Padovan, N., 1992. Rainfall and landslides in the Alpine area of Lombardia Region, central Alps, Italy, Proceedings, Interpraevent Int. Symp, Bern, Vol. 2, pp. 9–20.
Cotecchia, V., 1978. Systematic reconnaissance mapping and registration of slope movements, Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology, Vol. 17, pp.5–37.
Crosta, G., 1998. Regionalization of rainfall threshold: an aid to landslide hazard evaluation, Environmental Geology, Vol. 35, pp. 131–145.
Crosta, G. and Frattini, P., 2001. Rainfall thresholds for triggering soil slips and debris flow, Proc. of EGS 2nd Plinius Conference 2000, Mediterranean Storms, Siena, pp. 463–488.
Crozier, M., 1999. Prediction of rainfall-triggered landslides: a test of the antecedent water status model, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Vol. 24, pp. 825– 833.
Dahal, R.K. and Hasegawa, S., 2008. Representative rainfall thresholds for landslides in the Nepal Himalaya, Geomorphology, Vol. 100, p. 429–443.
Gardland, G.G. and Olivier, M.J., 1993. Predicting landslides from rainfall in a humid, subtropical region. Geomorphology 8, 165– 173.
Glade, T., 2000. Modelling landslide triggering rainfall thresholds at a range of complexities. Proc of the VIII International Symposium on Landslides, Cardiff, vol. 2. Telford, London, pp. 633– 640.
Guzzetti, F., Cardinali, M., Reichenbach, P., Cipolla, F., Sebastiani, C., Galli, M. and Salvati, P., 2004. Landslides triggered by the 23 November 2000 rainfall event in the
Imperia Province, Western Liguria, Italy, Engineering Geology, Vol. 73, pp. 229–245.
Hiura, H., Kaibori, M., Suemine, A., Yokoyama, S. and Murai, M., 2005. Sediment related disasters generated by typhoons in 2004. In: Senneset, K., Flaate, K., Larsen, J.O. (Eds.), Landslides and Avalanches ICFL 2005 Norway, pp.157–163.
Jakob, M. and Weatherly, H., 2003. A hydroclimatic threshold for landslide initiation on the North Shore Mountains of Vancouver, British Columbia, Geomorphology, Vol. 54, pp. 137–156.
Kim, S.K., Hong, W.P. and Kim, Y.M., 1991. Prediction of rainfall triggered landslides in Korea. In: Landslides (Bell, D.H. Ed.), Rotterdam: A.A, Balkema, Vol. 2, pp. 989– 994.
Keefer, D.K.,Wilson, R.C., Mark, R.K., Brabb, E.E., Brown,W.M., Ellen, S.D., Harp, E.L., Wieczorek, G.F., Alger, C.S. and Zatkin, R.S., 1987. Real time landslide warning system during heavy rainfall. Science 238, 921–925.
Larsen, M.C. and Simon, A., 1993. A rainfall intensity–duration threshold for landslides in a humid- tropical environment, Puerto Rico, Geografiska Annaler, Vol. 75, pp. 13–23.
Li, T. and Wang, S., 1992. Landslide hazards and their mitigation in China, Science Press, Beijing, pp.84.
Montgomery, D.R. and Dietrich, W.E., 1994. A physically based model for the topographic control on shallow landsliding, Water Resources Research, Vol. 30, pp. 1153–1171.
Onodera, T., Yoshinaka, R. and Kazama, H., 1974. Slope failures caused by heavy rainfall in Japan. Proc. of the II International Congress International Association of Engineering Geology, Sao Paulo, Brasil, vol. 11, pp. 1 – 10.
Premchitt, J., 1997. Warning system based on 24-hour rainfall in Hong Kong. Manual for zonation on areas susceptible to raininduced slope failure. Asian Technical Committee on Geotechnology for Natural Hazards in International Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, pp. 72– 81.
Rahardjo, H., Li, X.W., Toll, D.G. and Leong, E.C., 2001. The effect of antecedent rainfall on slope stability, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, Vol. 19, pp. 371–399.
Sirangelo, B. and Braca, G., 2001. L’individuazione delle condizioni di pericolo di innesco delle colate rapide di fango. Applicazione del modello FlaIR al caso di Sarno. Atti del Convegno: ‘‘Il dissesto idrogeologico: inventario e prospettive’’, Roma.
Terlien, M.T.J., 1998. The determination of statistical and deterministic hydrological landslide-triggering thresholds, Environmental Geology, Vol. 35, pp. 124–130.
Wieczorek, G.F., Morgan, B.A. and Campbell, R.H., 2000. Debris flow hazards in the Blue Ridge of Central Virginia, Environmental and Engineering Geoscience, Vol. 6, pp.3–23.
Wieczorek, G.F., Guzzetti, F., 1999. A review of rainfall thresholds for triggering landslides. Proc. of the EGS Plinius Conference, Maratea, Italy October 1999, pp. 407– 414.
Wilson, R.C. and Wieczorek, G.F., 1995. Rainfall thresholds for the initiation of debris flow at La Honda, California. Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 1 (1), 11 – 27.
Wilson, R.C., Mark, R.K., and Barbato, G.E., 1992. Operation of realtime warning system for debris flows in the San Francisco Bay area, California. In: Shen, H.W., Wen, F. (Eds.), Hydraulic Engineering ’93. Proceedings of the 1993 Conference, Hydraulics Division, 1993, vol. 2. American Society of Civil Engineers, San Francisco, CA, pp. 1908– 1913.
Yano, K., 1990. Studies on deciding rainfall threshold from warning and evacuating from debris flow disaster by improving the decision method of preceding rainfall. Journal of Japan Erosion Control Society, Vol. 43, No.4, pp. 3–13 (in Japanese).
Yatabe, R., Yagi, N. and Enoki, M., 1986. Prediction of slope failure based on the amount of rainfall, Japanese Society of Civil Engineers,Vol. 376, pp. 297–305 (in Japanese).