Sexual Behavior of Adolescents: Risk Factors in Rural Areas
Abstract
The percentage of adolescents who have actively engaged in sexual behavior before marriage is 4.92%. Adolescents living in rural areas are more likely to be exposed to risky behavior than those who live in urban areas. This study aims to identify the factors that influence risky sexual behavior among adolescents in rural areas. This study used a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Data were collected using in-depth interview techniques on 12 participants consisting of 7 adolescents and 5 parents in rural areas. The samples were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The validity of the data was carried out using source triangulation and peer debriefing. The thematic analysis was carried out using Open code 4.03 software. This study showed that perception is a factor that can influence adolescents to engage in risky sexual behavior. It includes perceptions of risky sexual behavior such as dating, the definition of risky sexual behavior, risk factors, sexual relationships, and sexually transmitted diseases. In addition, adolescents' perceptions of risky sexual behavior in health, psychology, education, and the future are also the factors that influence risky sexual behavior. Apart from the perception, other factors include discomfort feeling at home, sexual experience, the influence of social media, the influence of friends, love from partners, and environmental influences. Based on our results, the better the adolescent's perception of risky sexual behavior is, the lower the risk of adolescents engaging in risky behavior will be.
References
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23. Sari SN. Keluarga, Teman Sebaya dan Perilaku Seksual Remaja. Prophetic: Professional, Empathy and Islamic Counseling Journal. 2019;2(2):177. http://dx.doi.org/10.24235/prophetic.v2i2.5765
24. Delker E, East P, Blanco E, et.al. Associations Among Household Chaos, School Belonging and Risk Behaviors in Adolescents. The Journal of Primary Prevention. 2020;41(4): 383–396. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-020-00592-2
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https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539519860732
26. Putri S, Shaluhiyah Z, Prabamurti PN. Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Perilaku Seksual Remaja yang Tinggal di Lingkungan Resosialisasi Argorejo Kota Semarang. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2017;5(5):1092–1101. https://doi.org/10.14710/jkm.v5i5.19254
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https://doi.org/10.36376/bmj.v7i2.160
31. Cahyaningsih O, Sulistyowati I, Alfiani N. Keterpaparan Media Sosial yang Berkonten Pornografi dengan Gaya Berpacaran. Jurnal Ilmiah Permas: Jurnal Ilmiah STIKES Kendal. 2021;11(1):81–88. https://doi.org/10.32583/pskm.v11i1.1115
32. Landry M, Turner M, Vyas A, Wood S. Social Media and Sexual Behavior Among Adolescents: Is there a Link?. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance. 2017;3(2):28-37. https://doi.org/10.2196/publichealth.7149
33. Setiawati L, Febriyanto K. Hubungan Lingkungan dengan Perilaku Seksual Berisiko Pada LSL (Lelaki Seks Lelaki) di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Temindung. Borneo Student Research (BSR). 2020; 1(2):1177–1182. https://journals.umkt.ac.id/index.php/bsr/article/view/414
34. Purwatiningsih S. Perilaku Seksual Remaja dan Pengaruh Lingkungan Sosial pada Anak-Anak Keluarga Migran dan Nonmigran. Populasi. 2019;27(1):1–16. https://doi.org/10.22146/jp.49521
35. Sukun H, Kusmiyanti M. Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Perilaku Seksual Remaja Usia 15-17 Tahun di SMA X Bekasi 2018. Jurnal Antara Kebidanan. 2019;2(4):25–37. https://ojs.abdinusantara.ac.id/index.php/antarakebidanan/article/view/99/90
36. Bozzini AB, Bauer A, Maruyama J, Simões R, Matijasevich A. Factors Associated with Risk Behaviors in Adolescence: A Systematic Review. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry. 2021;43(2): 210–221. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0835
37. Lukmana CI, Yuniarti FA. Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja pada Siswa SMP di Yogyakarta. IJNP (Indonesian Journal of Nursing Practices). 2017;1(3):115–123. https://doi.org/10.18196/ijnp.1369
38. Gayatri S, Shaluhiyah Z, Indraswari R. Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Frekuensi Akses Pornografi dan Dampaknya Terhadap Perilaku Seksual pada Remaja di Kota Bogor (Studi Di SMA ‘X’ Kota Bogor). Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2020;8(3): 410–419. https://doi.org/10.14710/jkm.v8i3.26456
39. Supriyanto, Isyanawulan G, Yusuf S. Persepsi Siswa Terhadap Perilaku Seksual Remaja di Kota Palembang. Jurnal Emprika. 2018;3(1):39-54. https://doi.org/10.47753/je.v3i1.54
40. Lumentah P, Yauri I. Eksplorasi Persepsi Remaja Tentang Seks Pranikah pada Remaja di Kecamatan Kema Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. OSF Preprints. 2021. https://ejurnal.poltekkes-manado.ac.id/index.php/ps2017/article/view/495
41. Santosa H, Yusuf S, Ilfiandra I. KRR Sebagai Program Pengembangan Perilaku Seksual Sehat Remaja pada Revolusi Industri 4.0. Indonesian Journal of Educational Counseling. 2019;3(3):233–242. https://doi.org/10.30653/001.201933.104
42. Andorson S, Asmiyati, Hamid. Gambaran Pengetahuan Remaja Tentang Perilaku Seksual Pranikah di Sekolah Menengah Atas. Jurnal Medika Hutama. 2021;2(02):439–447. https://www.jurnalmedikahutama.com/index.php/JMH/article/view/109
43. Nadiarenita AA, Hidayah N. Analisis Teori Ekspresi Cinta Remaja Sebagai Pencegahan Perilaku Seksual Berisiko dengan Menggunakan Strategi Penekanan Ekspresif. Indonesian Journal of Educational Counseling. 2018;2(2):151–162.
https://doi.org/10.30653/001.201822.28
44. Fendri M, Mobonggi A, Kaawoan S. Dampak Pergaulan Bebas Terhadap Peningkatan Angka Putus Sekolah di Desa Kuala Utara Kecamatan Kaidipang Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Utara. Pekerti. 2020;2(1):1–14. https://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/pekerti/article/view/1261
45. Masturoh, Naharani AR. Analisis Pengetahuan Remaja Tentang Kesehatan Reproduksi Terhadap Perilaku Pencegahan Kehamilan Pra Nikah pada Remaja di Kabupaten Tegal. Semnaskes. 2019. https://semnaskes.unipasby.ac.id/prosiding/index.php/semnaskes-2019/article/view/12
https://www.who.int/southeastasia/health-topics/adolescent-health
2. Singh JA, Siddiqi M, Parameshwar P, Chandra Mouli V. World Health Organization Guidance on Ethical Considerations in Planning and Reviewing Research Studies on Sexual and Reproductive Health in Adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2019;64(4):427–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.01.008
3. UNICEF. Adolescents Statistics: Investing in a Safe, Healthy, and Productive Transition from Childhood to Adulthood is Critical in 2019. United Nations Children's Fund. https://data.unicef.org/topic/adolescents/overview/
4. BPS. Statistik Indonesia 2019. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik; 2019. bps.go.id/publication/2019/07/04/daac1ba18cae1e90706ee58a/statistik-indonesia-2019.html
5. Suwarni L, Fitrian H, Hernawan A. Model IMB (Information, Motivation, Behavioral Skills) Sebagai Prevensi Primer Seks Pranikah Remaja. Jurnal Endurance. 2019;4:622-629. https://doi.org/10.22216/jen.v4i3.4383
6. BPS. Statistik Pemuda Indonesia 2019. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik; 2019. https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2019/12/20/8250138f59ccebff3fed326a/statistik-pemuda-indonesia-2019.html
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8. Puspikawati SI, Megatsari H. Pengaruh Pendidikan Sebaya Terhadap Pengetahuan Kesehatan Repoduksi Remaja di Karang Taruna Kabupaten Banyuwangi. JPH Recode. 2018;1(2):80-88. https://doi.org/10.20473/jphrecode.v1i2.16236
9. Alpiani D, Widianti E, Kosim K. Persepsi Remaja Tentang Seks Pranikah di Sekolah Menengah Atas. Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa (JKJ): Persatuan Perawat Nasional Indonesia. 2021;9(1):161–170. https://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/JKJ/article/view/6633
10. BPS. Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan: Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja. Kabupaten Kolaka: Badan Pusat Statistik; 2017. https://kolakakab.bps.go.id/news/2017/07/04/16/survei-demografi-kesehatan-indonesia--sdki--2017.html
11. Hasanah DN, Utari DM, Chairunnisa C, Purnamawati D. Faktor Internal dan Eksternal yang Mempengaruhi Perilaku Seksual Pranikah Remaja Pria di Indonesia (Analisis Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia 2017). Muhammadiyah Public Health Journal. 2020:1(1):1-9. https://doi.org/10.24853/mphj.v1i1.7018
12. Thompson EL, Mahony H, Noble C, et.al. Rural and Urban Differences in Sexual Behaviors Among Adolescents in Florida. Journal of Community Health. 2018;43(2):268–272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-017-0416-6
13. Ali MM, Merdad L, Bellizzi S. Socioeconomic Variations in Risky Sexual Behavior among Adolescents in 14 Sub-Saharan African Countries Who Report Ever Having Had Sex. International Journal for Equity in Health. 2021;20(1):11 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-01352-8
14. Triyanto E, Prabandari YS, Yuniarti KW, Werdati S. Faktor-Faktor Multisistem yang Memengaruhi Perilaku Seksual Remaja. Journals of Ners Community. 2019;10(2):197-210. https://doi.org/10.55129/jnerscommunity.v10i2.913
15. Kusuma NI, Bantas K. Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Perilaku Seksual Pranikah Remaja Wanita dan Pria di Indonesia. Jurnal Health Sains. 2021;2(4):508–519. https://doi.org/10.46799/jhs.v2i4.155
16. Alimoradi Z, Kariman N, Simbar M, Ahmadi F. Contributing Factors to High-Risk Sexual Behaviors among Iranian Adolescent Girls: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Community Based Nursing and Midwifery. 2017;5(1):2–12. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28097173/
17. Ernawati, Heny. Pengetahuan Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja di Daerah Pedesaan. Indonesian Journal for Health Sciences 2018;2(1):58-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24269/ijhs.v2i1.820
18. Alpiani D, Widianti E, Kosim K. Persepsi Remaja Tentang Seks Pranikah di Sekolah Menengah Atas. Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa (JKJ): Persatuan Perawat Nasional Indonesia. 2021;9(1):161–170. https://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/JKJ/article/view/6633
19. Nurhapipa N, Alhidayati A, Ayunda G. Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Perilaku Seksual. JOMIS (Journal of Midwifery Science). 2017;1(2):54–65. http://jurnal.univrab.ac.id/index.php/jomis/article/view/200
20. Ibnu IF, Wahjuni CU, Devy SR. Narrative Stories of High Risk Sexual Behaviors among Adolescents in Makassar City. Journal of Public Health Research. 2020;9(2):156-159. https://doi.org/10.4081%2Fjphr.2020.1830
21. Masni M, Hamid SF. Determinan Perilaku Seksual Berisiko Pada Remaja Makassar (Studi Kasus Santri Darul Arqam Gombara Dan SMAN 6). Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia. 2018;14(1):68-77. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v14i1.3699
22. Sewanyana D, Mwangala PN, Marsh V, et.al. Young People’s and Stakeholders’ Perspectives of Adolescent Sexual Risk Behavior in Kilifi County, Kenya: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Health Psychology. 2018;23(2):188–205. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105317736783
23. Sari SN. Keluarga, Teman Sebaya dan Perilaku Seksual Remaja. Prophetic: Professional, Empathy and Islamic Counseling Journal. 2019;2(2):177. http://dx.doi.org/10.24235/prophetic.v2i2.5765
24. Delker E, East P, Blanco E, et.al. Associations Among Household Chaos, School Belonging and Risk Behaviors in Adolescents. The Journal of Primary Prevention. 2020;41(4): 383–396. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-020-00592-2
25. Valencia ML, Tran BT, Lim M, et.al. Association between Socioeconomic Status and Early Initiation of Smoking, Alcohol Drinking, and Sexual Behavior Among Korean Adolescents. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health. 2019;31:443–453.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539519860732
26. Putri S, Shaluhiyah Z, Prabamurti PN. Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Perilaku Seksual Remaja yang Tinggal di Lingkungan Resosialisasi Argorejo Kota Semarang. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2017;5(5):1092–1101. https://doi.org/10.14710/jkm.v5i5.19254
27. Runtuwene DR, Tucunan AAT, Korompis GEC. Hubungan Antara Peran Keluarga dan Teman Sebaya dengan Perilaku Seksual Pranikah pada Siswa di SMA Negeri 3 Manado. Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sam Ratulangi. 2019;8(6):225-231. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/kesmas/article/view/25595
28. Suyuti S, Nurgahayu N, Sani A. Hubungan Peran Teman Sebaya dan Ketaatan Beragama dengan Perilaku Seksual Berisiko pada Mahasiswa FKM UMI. Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan Suara Forikes. 2020;12(1):31–35. https://forikes-ejournal.com/index.php/SF/article/view/sf12108/12108
29. Blegur J. Preferensi Perilaku Seksual Remaja. Proyeksi: Jurnal Psikologi. 2018;12(2):9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jp.12.2.9-20
30. Nababan S. Perilaku Pacaran dan Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Seks Pranikah pada Remaja di Sikka Flores: Dating Behavior and Factors Affecting Premarital Sex in Adolescents in Sikka Flores. Bali Medika Jurnal. 2020;7(2):224–233.
https://doi.org/10.36376/bmj.v7i2.160
31. Cahyaningsih O, Sulistyowati I, Alfiani N. Keterpaparan Media Sosial yang Berkonten Pornografi dengan Gaya Berpacaran. Jurnal Ilmiah Permas: Jurnal Ilmiah STIKES Kendal. 2021;11(1):81–88. https://doi.org/10.32583/pskm.v11i1.1115
32. Landry M, Turner M, Vyas A, Wood S. Social Media and Sexual Behavior Among Adolescents: Is there a Link?. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance. 2017;3(2):28-37. https://doi.org/10.2196/publichealth.7149
33. Setiawati L, Febriyanto K. Hubungan Lingkungan dengan Perilaku Seksual Berisiko Pada LSL (Lelaki Seks Lelaki) di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Temindung. Borneo Student Research (BSR). 2020; 1(2):1177–1182. https://journals.umkt.ac.id/index.php/bsr/article/view/414
34. Purwatiningsih S. Perilaku Seksual Remaja dan Pengaruh Lingkungan Sosial pada Anak-Anak Keluarga Migran dan Nonmigran. Populasi. 2019;27(1):1–16. https://doi.org/10.22146/jp.49521
35. Sukun H, Kusmiyanti M. Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Perilaku Seksual Remaja Usia 15-17 Tahun di SMA X Bekasi 2018. Jurnal Antara Kebidanan. 2019;2(4):25–37. https://ojs.abdinusantara.ac.id/index.php/antarakebidanan/article/view/99/90
36. Bozzini AB, Bauer A, Maruyama J, Simões R, Matijasevich A. Factors Associated with Risk Behaviors in Adolescence: A Systematic Review. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry. 2021;43(2): 210–221. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0835
37. Lukmana CI, Yuniarti FA. Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja pada Siswa SMP di Yogyakarta. IJNP (Indonesian Journal of Nursing Practices). 2017;1(3):115–123. https://doi.org/10.18196/ijnp.1369
38. Gayatri S, Shaluhiyah Z, Indraswari R. Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Frekuensi Akses Pornografi dan Dampaknya Terhadap Perilaku Seksual pada Remaja di Kota Bogor (Studi Di SMA ‘X’ Kota Bogor). Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2020;8(3): 410–419. https://doi.org/10.14710/jkm.v8i3.26456
39. Supriyanto, Isyanawulan G, Yusuf S. Persepsi Siswa Terhadap Perilaku Seksual Remaja di Kota Palembang. Jurnal Emprika. 2018;3(1):39-54. https://doi.org/10.47753/je.v3i1.54
40. Lumentah P, Yauri I. Eksplorasi Persepsi Remaja Tentang Seks Pranikah pada Remaja di Kecamatan Kema Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. OSF Preprints. 2021. https://ejurnal.poltekkes-manado.ac.id/index.php/ps2017/article/view/495
41. Santosa H, Yusuf S, Ilfiandra I. KRR Sebagai Program Pengembangan Perilaku Seksual Sehat Remaja pada Revolusi Industri 4.0. Indonesian Journal of Educational Counseling. 2019;3(3):233–242. https://doi.org/10.30653/001.201933.104
42. Andorson S, Asmiyati, Hamid. Gambaran Pengetahuan Remaja Tentang Perilaku Seksual Pranikah di Sekolah Menengah Atas. Jurnal Medika Hutama. 2021;2(02):439–447. https://www.jurnalmedikahutama.com/index.php/JMH/article/view/109
43. Nadiarenita AA, Hidayah N. Analisis Teori Ekspresi Cinta Remaja Sebagai Pencegahan Perilaku Seksual Berisiko dengan Menggunakan Strategi Penekanan Ekspresif. Indonesian Journal of Educational Counseling. 2018;2(2):151–162.
https://doi.org/10.30653/001.201822.28
44. Fendri M, Mobonggi A, Kaawoan S. Dampak Pergaulan Bebas Terhadap Peningkatan Angka Putus Sekolah di Desa Kuala Utara Kecamatan Kaidipang Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Utara. Pekerti. 2020;2(1):1–14. https://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/pekerti/article/view/1261
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Authors
Waliyanti, E. ., Dewantari, R. A. ., Puspita, D. ., & Primastuti, H. I. . (2023). Sexual Behavior of Adolescents: Risk Factors in Rural Areas. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 19(2), 61-72. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v19i2.21663
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