Program Penanggulangan Kemiskinan Perkotaan: Pengalaman Kota Bandung
Keywords:
Program, Penanggulangan Kemiskinan dan PerkotaanAbstract
Masalah sosial yang dihadapi masyarakat Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh kondisi kemiskinan, seperti kekurangan makanan, pendidikan, kesehatan, pengangguran, gizi buruk, dan lain-lain. Kemiskinan merupakan masalah pembangunan yang kompleks dan multidimensi sehingga untuk mengatasinya diperlukan suatu upaya kolektif dari pemerintah dan masyarakat dalam menyusun dan menerapkan strategi yang komprehensif, terpadu, terarah, dan berkelanjutan. Untuk wilayah perkotaan, upaya itu diwujudkan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia dengan Program Penanggulangan Kemiskinan di Perkotaan (P2KP). P2KP hadir untuk melaksanakan amanat Program Pembangunan Nasional yang menempatkan penanggulangan kemiskinan sebagai prioritas mendesak untuk segera ditangani. P2KP membawa paradigma baru bahwa untuk menanggulangi kemiskinan secara berkelanjutan diperlukan suatu pendekatan yang berbasis pada prinsip prinsip pemberdayaan komunitas sehingga dalam proses pelaksanaan program perlu dilakukan upaya upaya tertentu yang harus dilakukan oleh komunitas itu sendiri dengan sasaran utama adalah masyarakat miskin di tingkat kelurahan di perkotaan. Usaha mendorong kemandirian dan kemitraan masyarakat bersama Pemerintah Daerah dalam menanggulangi kemiskinan di perkotaan Indonesia telah dilakukan melalui P2KP tahap pertama, kedua, dan ketiga, yang kemudian dilanjutkan menjadi Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (PNPM) Mandiri Perkotaan.
Abstract
The social problems faced by the Indonesian people are affected by poverty conditions, such as food shortage, education, health, unemployment, malnutrition, and others. Poverty is a complex and multidimensional development problem. Thus, in order to overcome poverty, a collective effort needs to be done by involving the government and society in developing and implementing comprehensive, integrated, effective, and sustainable strategies. In urban areas, such effort is realized by the Indonesian Government by way of Urban Poverty Program (P2KP). P2KP is present to carry out the mandate of the National Development Program that puts poverty alleviation as an urgent priority for to be addressed immediately. P2KP brings a new paradigm in tackling poverty in sustainable manner by making use of an approach based on the principles of community empowerment so that the program implementation process should contain specific efforts that are done by the community with the primary target is the urban poor people in kelurahan. Several efforts to encourage self-reliance and partnership between community and regional government in elevating urban poverty in Indonesia have been conducted through P2KP in three stages, continued as the National Community Empowerment Program for Urban Community (PNPM Mandiri Perkotaan).
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