UPAYA PENCEGAHAN ANEMIA PADA KEHAMILAN MELALUI PENYULUHAN KESEHATAN PADA IBU HAMIL DAN KADER DI PUSKESMAS KASSI KASSI KOTA MAKASSAR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20956/pkrg1d09Keywords:
Anemia dalam Kehamilan, Edukasi Kesehatan, PencegahanAbstract
Prevalensi anemia pada ibu hamil saat ini masih cukup tinggi. Ini dipengaruhi oleh rendahnya asupan zat besi, ketidakpatuhan dalam konsumsi tablet tambah darah (Fe), serta kurangnya pengetahuan dan kesadaran ibu hamil mengenai pencegahan anemia. Penyuluhan kesehatan yang melibatkan ibu hamil dan kader kesehatan merupakan salah satu strategi promotif dan preventif yang efektif untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan mendorong perubahan perilaku pencegahan anemia. Metode yang digunakan adalah ceramah interaktif dan diskusi partisipatif serta pre-test dan post-test dengan pendekatan potong lintang sebagai metode evaluasi yang dilaksanakan pada Desember 2025 di Puskesmas Kassi Kassi. Peserta penyuluhan adalah ibu hamil dan kader di wilayah kerja Puskesmas yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Kegiatan penyuluhan meliputi pre-test, presentasi interaktif mengenai perencanaan kehamilan dan skrining antenatal care, sesi tanya jawab, serta post-test di akhir kegiatan. Mayoritas responden berpartisipasi aktif selama proses penyuluhan hingga sesi diskusi. Evaluasi efektivitas penyuluhan dilakukan dengan membandingkan skor pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah. Uji Shapiro-Wilk digunakan untuk menilai normalitas distribusi data, sedangkan uji Wilcoxon digunakan untuk menganalisis perbedaan nilai pre-test dan post-test. Hasil pengabdian: sebanyak 30 responden yang berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan penyuluhan ini. Rerata nilai pre-test sebesar 7,1 ± 1,4, sedangkan nilai post-test meningkat menjadi 9,1 ± 0,75. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan yang signifikan setelah penyuluhan (p<0,001). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa penyuluhan kesehatan dengan metode ceramah interaktif dan diskusi partisipatif merupakan pendekatan yang efektif dan aplikatif dalam meningkatkan literasi kesehatan ibu hamil terkait pencegahan anemia.
Kata kunci: Anemia kehamilan, edukasi kesehatan, pencegahan.
ABSTRACT
Anemia in pregnancy remains a major maternal health problem that contributes to an increased risk of pregnancy and childbirth complications, as well as higher Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR). The high prevalence of anemia among pregnant women is influenced by inadequate iron intake, non-adherence to iron (Fe) supplementation, and limited knowledge and awareness regarding anemia prevention. Health education involving both pregnant women and community health cadres represents an effective promotive and preventive strategy to improve knowledge and encourage behavioral changes related to anemia prevention. This activity using a pre-test and post-test method with a cross-sectional approach and was conducted in December 2025 at Puskesmas Kassi Kassi. Participants consisted of pregnant women and health cadres within the Puskesmas service area, selected using purposive sampling. The educational intervention included a pre-test, an interactive presentation on pregnancy planning and antenatal care screening, a question-and-answer session, and a post-test at the end of the activity. The effectiveness of the intervention was evaluated by comparing knowledge scores before and after the education session. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess data normality, while the Wilcoxon test was applied to analyze differences between pre-test and post-test scores. The results of the activity total of 30 respondents participated in this educational activity. The mean pre-test score was 7.1 ± 1.4, which increased to 9.1 ± 0.75 in the post-test. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant improvement in knowledge following the intervention (p < 0.001). Most respondents actively participated throughout the education process, including during the discussion session. These findings indicate that health education using interactive lectures and participatory discussions is an effective and practical approach to improving health literacy among pregnant women regarding anemia prevention.
Keywords: Anemia in pregnancy, health education, prevention.
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