Socioeconomic Determinants of Climate Change Adaptation in Rice Farming: Evidence from OPLAH Areas in West Kalimantan
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Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana karakteristik sosioekonomi membentuk strategi adaptasi perubahan iklim di kalangan petani padi yang mengolah lahan OPLAH di Kalimantan Barat menggunakan survei penjelasan kuantitatif terhadap 95 rumah tangga yang dianalisis melalui statistik deskriptif dan tabulasi silang. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa petani sebagian besar berada pada usia produktif, memiliki pendidikan dasar-menengah, pengalaman bertani yang panjang, rasio ketergantungan yang moderat, dan pendapatan tingkat menengah, kondisi yang secara umum mendukung kapasitas adaptasi. Strategi adaptasi yang paling banyak diterapkan menggabungkan varietas padi tahan banjir, praktik budidaya spesifik konteks untuk kondisi banjir-kekeringan, dan pengelolaan pupuk yang selaras dengan pedoman yang direkomendasikan, sedangkan adopsi sistem pengelolaan air yang lebih baik masih terbatas. Tabulasi silang menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan yang lebih tinggi, pengalaman bertani yang lebih lama, tenaga kerja keluarga yang lebih banyak, dan pendapatan yang lebih tinggi secara konsisten dikaitkan dengan implementasi teknologi adaptasi iklim yang lebih besar, sementara petani yang lebih tua, kurang berpendidikan, dan lebih miskin tertinggal. Keberadaan tingkat adopsi adaptasi varietas dan agronomi yang relatif tinggi bersamaan dengan rendahnya penerapan praktik pengelolaan air menunjukkan bahwa intensitas modal, persyaratan tindakan kolektif, dan dukungan kelembagaan merupakan hambatan kritis. Kebijakan harus memprioritaskan intervensi terpadu yang secara bersamaan memperkuat irigasi tersier dan drainase di lahan pertanian dalam skema OPLAH, menargetkan penyuluhan dan subsidi untuk varietas tahan banjir dan agronomi cerdas iklim kepada kelompok rentan, serta mendorong organisasi petani untuk mengurangi kendala koordinasi dan investasi dalam sistem padi berbasis rawa.
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