Peran Investasi Agrikultur Sebagai Penguat Ketahanan Pangan dari Krisis Iklim
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Abstrak
Kondisi kelaparan dunia sangat timpang pada setiap benua. Benua Asia merupakan benua yang memiliki daerah kelaparan serius setelah Benua Afrika. Hal tersebut diperparah dengan krisis pangan akibat kenaikan harga pangan dunia yang diakibatkan oleh pandemi Covid-19 dan konflik antara Rusia dan Ukraina yang merupakan salah satu pemasok minyak bunga matahari, jangung, dan gandum dunia. FAO telah mengerakan upaya untuk meningkatkan ketahanan pangan dan mengurangi kelaparan. Akan tetapi dalam meningkatkan produksi pangan juga menghadapi tantangan krisis iklim. Dalam menghadapi tantangan tersebut FAO telah menyarankan untuk meningkatkan investasi agrikltur. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh krisis iklim dan investasi agrikultur di negara-negara Asia dengan menggunakan produk domestik bruto dan inflasi pangan sebagai variabel kontrol. Untuk menyelidiki pengaruh investasi agrikultur dan krisis iklim terhadap ketahanan pangan, peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan data balanced panel untuk 42 negara pada Benua Asia untuk periode 2002-2022 menggunakan regresi panel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa krisis iklim dengan indikator perubahan suhu dan itensitas peristiwa ekstrim seperti kekeringan dan banjir berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap ketahanan pangan, akan tetapi perubahan pola curah hujan tidak berpengaruh terhadap ketahanan pangan. Hasil lain menunjukkan bahwa investasi agrikultur berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap ketahanan pangan.
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