Pencegahan Gangguan Keseimbangan dan Peningkatkan Kualitas Motorik Melalui Pemeriksaan Keseimbangan, Edukasi, dan Pemberian Intervensi Home Based Exercise pada Anak Sekolah Dasar di Desa Lebih Gianyar

Abstract

The background of this community service is the shift in physical activity patterns among children in the digital era. Children now spend more time in static positions, negatively impacting their gross motor development. In Indonesia, prevalence data regarding the impact of this sedentary lifestyle show concerning figures. According to a recent study by Ma’arif (2022), it was found that approximately 25.98% of students fall into the low physical activity category, and a similar percentage (25.98%) was identified in the overweight/obese category. In response to these findings, the subsequent impact of inactivity and increased Body Mass Index (BMI) leads to a decline in vital biomotor components, specifically postural balance. Paradoxically, balance function has been proven to correlate with spatial ability and proportional reasoning, which support a child's academic performance. To address this, the offered solutions include: (1) early detection of balance disorders using the One-Legged Stance Test (OLST), (2) health education on the importance of physical activity, and (3) Home-Based Exercise training. The implementation was conducted through direct visits to SDN 1, SDN 2, and SDN 3 in Lebih Village, Gianyar, between July and August 2024. The participants consisted of 170 students (aged 9–12 years). The examination results showed that the majority of students fell into the "Excellent" category, totaling 164 students (96.5%), followed by the "Above Average" category (1.2%) and the "Average" category (2.4%). This program successfully enhanced the students' understanding of the importance of maintaining physical balance through independent exercise.

Latar belakang pengabdian ini adalah adanya pergeseran pola aktivitas fisik pada anak di era digital yang cenderung sedentary (minim gerak). Anak-anak kini lebih banyak menghabiskan waktu dalam posisi statis, yang berdampak negatif pada perkembangan motorik kasar mereka. Di Indonesia data prevalensi mengenai dampak gaya hidup kurang gerak ini menunjukkan angka yang mengkhawatirkan. Berdasarkan penelitian terdahulu eridentifikasi bahwa sekitar 25,98% pelajar masuk dalam kategori aktivitas fisik rendah, dan angka yang sama (25,98%) juga ditemukan pada kejadian kategori gemuk (overweight/obese). Dampak lanjutan dari fenomena inaktivitas dan peningkatan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) ini bermuara pada penurunan komponen biomotorik vital, yaitu keseimbangan tubuh (balance). Padahal, fungsi keseimbangan terbukti memiliki korelasi dengan kemampuan spasial dan penalaran proporsional anak yang mendukung performa akademis Solusi yang ditawarkan meliputi: (1) deteksi dini gangguan keseimbangan menggunakan One Legged Stance Test (OLST), (2) edukasi kesehatan mengenai pentingnya aktivitas fisik, dan (3) pelatihan Home Based Exercise. Metode pelaksanaan dilakukan melalui kunjungan langsung ke SDN 1, SDN 2, dan SDN 3 Desa Lebih, Gianyar pada bulan Juli–Agustus 2024. Peserta kegiatan berjumlah 170 siswa (usia 9–12 tahun). Hasil pemeriksaan menunjukkan mayoritas siswa memiliki keseimbangan kategori "Sangat Baik" sebanyak 164 siswa (96,5%), diikuti kategori "Di atas Rata-rata" (1,2%) dan "Rata-rata" (2,4%). Kegiatan ini berhasil meningkatkan pemahaman siswa tentang pentingnya menjaga keseimbangan fisik melalui latihan mandiri.