Author Guidelines
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Types of Papers
Original Paper
Original papers present the results of original research that contribute significantly to the advancement of knowledge in the field of plant protection. Manuscripts should include clear objectives, detailed materials and methods, results, and discussion. The length of the manuscript is typically between 6–15 pages (including figures and tables).
Review Paper
Review papers provide a critical and comprehensive analysis of recent developments on specific topics relevant to plant protection. They should summarize, analyze, and synthesize previous studies, highlighting current progress, challenges, and future directions. The length of the manuscript is typically between 10–20 pages.
Submission Preparation Checklist
As part of the submission process, authors must ensure that their submission complies with the following. These items will also appear as checkboxes during submission.
- The submission has not been previously published, nor is it before another journal for consideration (or an explanation has been provided in Comments to the Editor).
- The submission file is in Microsoft Word (.docx) document file format.
- Where available, URLs for the references have been provided.
- The text is single-spaced; uses a 12-point font; employs italics rather than underlining (except with URL addresses); and all illustrations, figures, and tables are placed within the text at the appropriate points, rather than at the end.
- The text adheres to the stylistic and bibliographic requirements outlined in these Author Guidelines.
Manuscript Structure
Title
The title of the paper should be concise and informative. Avoid abbreviations and formulas where possible. It should be written clearly and concisely describing the contents of the research
Abstract
The abstract should be a single paragraph with a maximum of 250 words, providing a concise yet comprehensive summary of the study. For research articles, it must offer a clear and relevant overview of the work. Authors are strongly encouraged to follow a structured format without explicit headings, covering the following key aspects: 1) Background – Present the research question in a broader context and emphasize the study’s purpose; 2) Methods – Briefly describe the primary methods or treatments applied. 3) Results – Summarize the study’s main findings. 4) Conclusions – Highlight the key interpretations and implications. The abstract should provide an accurate and objective summary of the article, ensuring that all included results are presented and substantiated in the main text.
Introduction
The introduction should provide a broad context for the study, emphasizing its importance and significance. It should define the research purpose and outline how the study contributes to the field. A concise review of the current state of research should be included, citing key publications and addressing any existing controversies or diverging hypotheses when relevant. The objectives of the study should be clearly stated, ensuring that the background information is sufficient without becoming an extensive literature review or a summary of results. Additionally, the introduction should explain the research problem and how it is addressed, guiding readers—especially those outside the specific field—toward understanding the study's relevance. Finally, the main aim of the research should be briefly introduced, along with an indication of the principal conclusion.
Materials and Methods
The Materials and Methods section should provide enough detail for replication, including the time and location of the study. All materials, chemicals, treatments, and experimental designs must be clearly described. Well-established methods can be briefly outlined with citations, while new methods should be explained in detail. Authors must ensure the availability of all materials, data, and protocols. Any restrictions should be disclosed at submission. For large datasets in public repositories, accession numbers must be provided before publication. For studies involving humans, animals, or ethically sensitive research, the ethical approval authority and approval code must be stated. If applicable, a theory section should expand on the background, while a calculation section should apply theoretical principles to the study.
Results
This section may be divided by subheadings. It should provide a concise and precise description of the experimental results, their interpretation, as well as the experimental conclusions that can be drawn.
3.1. Subsection
3.1.1. Subsubsection
Bulleted lists look like this:
- First bullet;
- Second bullet;
- Third bullet.
Numbered lists can be added as follows:
- First item;
- Second item;
- Third item.
The text continues here.
Discussion
The Discussion section should interpret the study’s results in relation to previous research and the initial hypotheses. Authors should analyze the findings critically, comparing them with existing literature to highlight similarities, differences, and potential explanations. The broader implications of the results should be explored, emphasizing their significance within the field. Additionally, any limitations of the study should be acknowledged where relevant. Future research directions may be suggested to address remaining questions or expand on the current findings.
Conclusion
The Conclusion section is optional but may be included if the discussion is particularly long or complex. It should provide a clear and concise summary of the study’s key findings and their significance. The conclusion should not simply repeat the discussion but instead highlight the main takeaways, emphasizing their broader implications. Where relevant, recommendations for future research may also be suggested.
Author Contributions
For research articles with several authors, a short paragraph specifying their individual contributions must be provided. The following statements should be used “Conceptualization, X.X. and Y.Y.; Methodology, X.X.; Software, X.X.; Validation, X.X., Y.Y. and Z.Z.; Formal analysis, X.X.; Investigation, X.X.; Resources, X.X.; Data curation, X.X.; Writing—original draft preparation, X.X.; Writing—review and editing, X.X.; Visualization, X.X.; Supervision, X.X.; Project administration, X.X.; Funding acquisition, Y.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript”. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.” Authorship must be limited to those who have contributed substantially to the work reported.
Funding
Please add: “This research received no external funding” or “This research was funded by NAME OF FUNDER, grant number XXX” and “The APC was funded by XXX”. Check carefully that the details given are accurate and use the standard spelling of funding agency names at https://search.crossref.org/funding. Any errors may affect your future funding.
Acknowledgments
In this section, you can acknowledge any support given which is not covered by the author contribution or funding sections. This may include administrative and technical support, or donations in kind (e.g., materials used for experiments).
Conflicts of Interest
Declare conflicts of interest or state “The authors declare no conflicts of interest.” Authors must identify and declare any personal circumstances or interest that may be perceived as inappropriately influencing the representation or interpretation of reported research results. Any role of the funders in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results must be declared in this section. If there is no role, please state “The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results”.
References
The References section must follow American Psychological Association (APA) 7th edition formatting for both in-text citations (including those in tables and figure legends) and the reference list at the end of the manuscript. To ensure accuracy and consistency, authors are encouraged to use bibliography management software such as Mendeley, EndNote, or Reference Manager to prevent typographical errors and duplicate entries. Additionally, DOIs should be included for all references where available.
Journal Article (with DOI)
Format:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of the article. Title of the Journal, Volume(Issue), Page range. https://doi.org/xxxxx
Example:
In-text citation: (Brugman & Mario, 2024) or Brugman & Mario (2024)
In reference list: Brugman, E., & Mario, M. B. (2024). Mycoflora associated with stored rice from storage facilities in Makassar and Maros, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 25(3), 1089–1096. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d250323
Book
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the book (Edition, if applicable). Publisher.
Example:
In-text citation: (Johnson & Triplehorn, 2020) or Johnson & Triplehorn (2020)
In reference list: Johnson, N. F., & Triplehorn, C. A. (2020). Borror and Delong’s introduction to the study of insects 7th edition. Thompson Brooks/Cole.
Edited Book Chapter
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the chapter. In B. B. Editor & C. C. Editor (Eds.), Title of the book (pp. xx–xx). Publisher.
Example:
In-text citation: (Wilbur, 1971) or Wilbur (1971)
In reference list: Wilbur, D. A. (1971). Stored grain insect. In R. E. Pfadt (Ed.), Fundamentals of applied entomology (Second, pp. 495–522). Macmillan Publishing.
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