Main Article Content
Abstract
Latar Belakang: Body shaming merupakan stresor sosial yang kerap dinormalisasi dalam relasi dekat dan berpotensi memicu distress serta coping berisiko pada remaja perempuan usia 18–24 perempuan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini mengeksplor body shaming sebagai stresor pada remaja perempuan di Kota Palu melalui proses primary–secondary appraisal, strategi coping, dan dampak psikologisnya. Metode: Penelitian kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus menggunakan kerangka Transactional Model of Stress and Coping. Informan berjumlah 17 remaja perempuan usia 18–24 tahun yang pernah mengalami body shaming, direkrut secara purposive dan snowball sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam semi-terstruktur dan dianalisis dengan analisis tematik. Hasil: Body shaming dialami sebagai stresor relasional yang berulang, terutama dari teman sebaya dan keluarga. Pada primary appraisal, pengalaman awal dimaknai sebagai candaan namun berkembang menjadi ancaman terhadap harga diri ketika terjadi berulang. Secondary appraisal menunjukkan keterbatasan sumber daya coping, sehingga strategi yang digunakan didominasi emotion-focused coping, dengan sebagian informan melakukan problem-focused coping berupa kontrol tubuh pada spektrum adaptif hingga maladaptif. Dampak yang muncul meliputi distress berkelanjutan, ruminasi, gangguan tidur dan pola makan, serta penarikan sosial. Kesimpulan: Body shaming berfungsi sebagai stresor sosial persisten yang membentuk lintasan appraisal coping menuju luaran psikologis merugikan. Perlunya intervensi promotif-preventif melalui penguatan norma anti–body shaming serta dukungan sebaya dan konseling ramah remaja guna mendorong coping adaptif.
Keywords
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References
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- Deviantony F, Fitria Y, Rondhianto R, Pramesuari NKT. An in Depth Review of Body Shaming Phenomenon Among Adolescent: Trigger Factors, Psychological Impact and Prevention Efforts. South African Journal of Psychiatry. 2024;30:2341.
- https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2341
- WHO. Mental Health of Adolescents. World Health Organization; 2025. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-mental-health
- Martínez-González MB, Pérez-Pedraza DC, Alfaro-Álvarez J, Reyes-Cervantes C, González-Malabet M, Clemente-Suárez VJ. Women Facing Psychological Abuse: How Do They Respond to Maternal Identity Humiliation and Body Shaming. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(12):6627. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/12/6627
- Chen YL, Huang KJ, Scoglio AAJ, Borgogna NC, Potenza MN, Blycker GR, et al. A Network Comparison of Sexual Dysfunction, Psychological Factors, and Body Dissociation between Individuals with and without Sexual Trauma Histories. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation. 2024;25(1):62–82. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15299732.2023.2231915
- Hong D, Tang C, Barnhart WR, Cui S, He J. Testing the Associations Between Internalized Cisgenderism, Self-Objectification, Body Shame, and Mental Health Correlates in the Framework of the Pantheoretical Model of Dehumanization: A Study in Chinese Transgender Adults. Body Image.2023;46:62–72.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1740144523000645
- Kalantzis MA, Braden AL, Haidar A. Disordered Eating and Emotional Eating in Arab, Middle Eastern, and North African American Women. Eating Behaviors. 2024;53:101868. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1471015324000278
- Araaf. Hubungan antara Body Shaming dengan Body Image pada Remaja Akhir Perempuan di Kota Makassar. Journal of Correctional Issues (JCI). 2023;034. https://journal.poltekip.ac.id/jci/article/view/355
- Jim J, Jes D, Rodr S, Javier V. The Association of Body Image Perceptions with Behavioral and Health Outcomes among Young Adults. Nutrients. 2024;16(9):1–13. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/9/1281
- Lomeli-rodriguez M, Parrott E, Bernardino A, Rahman A, Direzkia Y, Joffe H, et al. Psychological Resilience Following Disasters: A Study of Adolescents and Their Caregivers. Journal of Loss and Trauma.2025;30(4):483–514. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15325024.2024.2391903
- Mini Y, Sudargo T, Tsani AFA, Huriyati E. Citra Tubuh dan Perilaku Makan sebagai Faktor Risiko Overweight Remaja Putra di SMA Negeri Kota Palu. Jurnal Dunia Gizi. 2019;2(2):101–117. https://ejournal.helvetia.ac.id/index.php/jdg/article/download/4389/311
- Arif S, Syam S, Krisnasari S, Napirah MR, Suwendro NI. Bullying Behavior in Generation Z Youth: Case Study at Palu City DP3A Children’s Forum. Journal of Health and Nutrition Research. 2023;2(3):200–209. https://journalmpci.com/index.php/jhnr/article/view/216
- Obbarius N, Fischer F, Liegl G, Obbarius A, Rose M. A Modified Version of the Transactional Stress Concept According to Lazarus and Folkman Was Confirmed in a Psychosomatic Inpatient Sample. Frontiers in Psychology. 2021;12:1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.584333
- Hagan K, Leenaerts N, Walsh BT, Ranzenhofer L. Applying Machine Learning to Ecological Momentary Assessment Data to Identify Predictors of Loss-of-Control Eating and Overeating Severity in Adolescents: A Preliminary Investigation. Appetite. 2025;207:107900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2025.107900
- Fathnezhad-Kazemi A, Ahmadi-Geshlag M, Ranjbar M. The Link Between the Perception of Body Privacy and Situational Anxiety: A Study of Women’s Attitudes Toward Gynecological Examinations. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2025;46(1):2582409. https://doi.org/10.1080/0167482x.2025.2582409
- UNICEF. Bullying in Indonesia. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Indonesia; 2020. https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/media/5606/file/Bullying.in.Indonesia.pdf
- Brown DM, Muir C, Gammage KL. Muscle Up: Male Athletes’ and Non-Athletes’ Psychobiological Responses to, and Recovery From, Body Image Social-Evaluative Threats. American Journal of Men’s Health. 2023;17(1):15579883231155088. https://doi.org/10.1177/15579883231155089
- Chan RCH, Suen YT, Wong EMY. Effects of Gay Community Stress on Self-Objectification and Psychological Distress Among Sexual Minority Men: Intraminority Differences by Sexual Orientation, Gender Expression, Body Size, and Socioeconomic Status. Body Image. 2025;55:101954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101954
- Barnhart WR, Xiao Y, Li Y, Gaggiano C, Jiang Z, Wu S, et al. Beyond Age, BMI, Gender Identity, and Gender Minority Stress, Weight Bias Internalization Is Uniquely Associated with More Eating and Body Image Disturbances and Poor Physical and Mental Health in Chinese Gender-Diverse Adults. International Journal of Eating Disorders. 2024;57(11):2246-2259. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.24278
- Barnhart WR, Cui S, Xu Y, Cui T, Tan C, Zhao Y, et al. Self-Objectification in Chinese Pregnant Women: The Mixed Role of Functionality Appreciation. Body Image. 2024;49:101698. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1740144524000202?via%3Dihub
- Hernández JC, Perez M, Hoek HW. Update on The Epidemiology and Treatment of Eating Disorders Among Hispanic/Latinx Americans in the United States. Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 2022;35(6):379-384. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000819
- Mensinger JL. Traumatic Stress, Body Shame, and Internalized Weight Stigma as Mediators of Change in Disordered Eating: A Single-Arm Pilot Study of the Body Trust® Framework. Eating Disorders. 2022;30(6):618–646. https://doi.org/10.1080/10640266.2021.1985807
- Brichacek AL, Neill JT, Murray K, Rieger E, Watsford C. The Effectiveness of Body Image Flexibility Interventions in Youth: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Adolescent Research Review. 2025;10:455-486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-024-00256-w
- Reumers L, Bekker M, Hilderink H, Jansen M, Helderman JK, Ruwaard D. Qualitative Modelling of Social Determinants of Health Using Group Model Building: The Case of Debt, Poverty, and Health. International Journal for Equity in Health. 2022;21(1):72. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-022-01676-7
- Lok KYW, Choi MSL, Ko RWT, Chau PPH, Lam CCO, Chang YS, et al. Effectiveness of a Home-Based Peer Support Programme for Chinese Mothers with ow Breastfeeding Self-efficacy to Increase the Exclusivity and Duration of Breastfeeding: Study Protocol of a Randomised Control Trial. BMJ Open. 2024;14(7): e081897. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081897
- Artigues-barberà E, Tort-nasarre G, Pollina-pocallet M. Key Factors in Supporting Adolescents to Achieve High Self-Esteem and A Positive Body Image: A Qualitative Community-Based Study. PLOS One. 2025;1–20. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318989
- Nowak B, Grajek M. The Impact of Social Media on Body Image Perception in Young People. Nutrients. 2025;17(9):1455. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091455
- Sebastian J, Jana N, Lucie K, René V, Kamil S. Exploring the Negative Consequences of Online Body Shaming: A Study of Czech Adolescents. Journal of Child and Family Studies. 2025;1268-1282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-025-03032-z
- Soponaru C, Cuza I. Body Image, Stress and Coping Strategies in Adolescence. Global Journal of Guidance and Counseling in Schools: Current Perspectives. 2020;10(2):86–94. https://doi.org/10.18844/gjgc.v10i2.5313
- Santoniccolo F, Trombetta T, Paradiso MN, Rollè L. The Role of LGBTQ+ Vicarious Trauma in Eating Disorder Risk-A Psychological Parallel Mediation Model. Behavioral Sciences. 2025;15(10):1343. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/15/10/1343
- Bahrami A, Zamaninasab Z, Khorasanchi Z, Zarban A, Asadian AH, Ferns GA, et al. The Relationship Between Adherence to the MIND Diet and Maternal Anxiety and Sleep Disorders. Maternal and Child Health Journal. 2025;29(7):954-961. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-025-04119-1
References
Adams MS, Enichen E, Demmig-Adams B. Reframing Diabetes Prevention: From Body Shaming to Metabolic Reprogramming. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 2025 Feb;19(2):168–191. https://doi.org/10.1177/15598276231182655
Santoniccolo F, Rollè L. The Role of Minority Stress in Disordered Eating: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Eating and Weight Disorders. 2024;29(1):41. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40519-024-01671-7
Deviantony F, Fitria Y, Rondhianto R, Pramesuari NKT. An in Depth Review of Body Shaming Phenomenon Among Adolescent: Trigger Factors, Psychological Impact and Prevention Efforts. South African Journal of Psychiatry. 2024;30:2341.
https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2341
WHO. Mental Health of Adolescents. World Health Organization; 2025. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-mental-health
Martínez-González MB, Pérez-Pedraza DC, Alfaro-Álvarez J, Reyes-Cervantes C, González-Malabet M, Clemente-Suárez VJ. Women Facing Psychological Abuse: How Do They Respond to Maternal Identity Humiliation and Body Shaming. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(12):6627. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/12/6627
Chen YL, Huang KJ, Scoglio AAJ, Borgogna NC, Potenza MN, Blycker GR, et al. A Network Comparison of Sexual Dysfunction, Psychological Factors, and Body Dissociation between Individuals with and without Sexual Trauma Histories. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation. 2024;25(1):62–82. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15299732.2023.2231915
Hong D, Tang C, Barnhart WR, Cui S, He J. Testing the Associations Between Internalized Cisgenderism, Self-Objectification, Body Shame, and Mental Health Correlates in the Framework of the Pantheoretical Model of Dehumanization: A Study in Chinese Transgender Adults. Body Image.2023;46:62–72.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1740144523000645
Kalantzis MA, Braden AL, Haidar A. Disordered Eating and Emotional Eating in Arab, Middle Eastern, and North African American Women. Eating Behaviors. 2024;53:101868. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1471015324000278
Araaf. Hubungan antara Body Shaming dengan Body Image pada Remaja Akhir Perempuan di Kota Makassar. Journal of Correctional Issues (JCI). 2023;034. https://journal.poltekip.ac.id/jci/article/view/355
Jim J, Jes D, Rodr S, Javier V. The Association of Body Image Perceptions with Behavioral and Health Outcomes among Young Adults. Nutrients. 2024;16(9):1–13. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/9/1281
Lomeli-rodriguez M, Parrott E, Bernardino A, Rahman A, Direzkia Y, Joffe H, et al. Psychological Resilience Following Disasters: A Study of Adolescents and Their Caregivers. Journal of Loss and Trauma.2025;30(4):483–514. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15325024.2024.2391903
Mini Y, Sudargo T, Tsani AFA, Huriyati E. Citra Tubuh dan Perilaku Makan sebagai Faktor Risiko Overweight Remaja Putra di SMA Negeri Kota Palu. Jurnal Dunia Gizi. 2019;2(2):101–117. https://ejournal.helvetia.ac.id/index.php/jdg/article/download/4389/311
Arif S, Syam S, Krisnasari S, Napirah MR, Suwendro NI. Bullying Behavior in Generation Z Youth: Case Study at Palu City DP3A Children’s Forum. Journal of Health and Nutrition Research. 2023;2(3):200–209. https://journalmpci.com/index.php/jhnr/article/view/216
Obbarius N, Fischer F, Liegl G, Obbarius A, Rose M. A Modified Version of the Transactional Stress Concept According to Lazarus and Folkman Was Confirmed in a Psychosomatic Inpatient Sample. Frontiers in Psychology. 2021;12:1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.584333
Hagan K, Leenaerts N, Walsh BT, Ranzenhofer L. Applying Machine Learning to Ecological Momentary Assessment Data to Identify Predictors of Loss-of-Control Eating and Overeating Severity in Adolescents: A Preliminary Investigation. Appetite. 2025;207:107900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2025.107900
Fathnezhad-Kazemi A, Ahmadi-Geshlag M, Ranjbar M. The Link Between the Perception of Body Privacy and Situational Anxiety: A Study of Women’s Attitudes Toward Gynecological Examinations. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2025;46(1):2582409. https://doi.org/10.1080/0167482x.2025.2582409
UNICEF. Bullying in Indonesia. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Indonesia; 2020. https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/media/5606/file/Bullying.in.Indonesia.pdf
Brown DM, Muir C, Gammage KL. Muscle Up: Male Athletes’ and Non-Athletes’ Psychobiological Responses to, and Recovery From, Body Image Social-Evaluative Threats. American Journal of Men’s Health. 2023;17(1):15579883231155088. https://doi.org/10.1177/15579883231155089
Chan RCH, Suen YT, Wong EMY. Effects of Gay Community Stress on Self-Objectification and Psychological Distress Among Sexual Minority Men: Intraminority Differences by Sexual Orientation, Gender Expression, Body Size, and Socioeconomic Status. Body Image. 2025;55:101954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2025.101954
Barnhart WR, Xiao Y, Li Y, Gaggiano C, Jiang Z, Wu S, et al. Beyond Age, BMI, Gender Identity, and Gender Minority Stress, Weight Bias Internalization Is Uniquely Associated with More Eating and Body Image Disturbances and Poor Physical and Mental Health in Chinese Gender-Diverse Adults. International Journal of Eating Disorders. 2024;57(11):2246-2259. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.24278
Barnhart WR, Cui S, Xu Y, Cui T, Tan C, Zhao Y, et al. Self-Objectification in Chinese Pregnant Women: The Mixed Role of Functionality Appreciation. Body Image. 2024;49:101698. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1740144524000202?via%3Dihub
Hernández JC, Perez M, Hoek HW. Update on The Epidemiology and Treatment of Eating Disorders Among Hispanic/Latinx Americans in the United States. Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 2022;35(6):379-384. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000819
Mensinger JL. Traumatic Stress, Body Shame, and Internalized Weight Stigma as Mediators of Change in Disordered Eating: A Single-Arm Pilot Study of the Body Trust® Framework. Eating Disorders. 2022;30(6):618–646. https://doi.org/10.1080/10640266.2021.1985807
Brichacek AL, Neill JT, Murray K, Rieger E, Watsford C. The Effectiveness of Body Image Flexibility Interventions in Youth: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Adolescent Research Review. 2025;10:455-486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-024-00256-w
Reumers L, Bekker M, Hilderink H, Jansen M, Helderman JK, Ruwaard D. Qualitative Modelling of Social Determinants of Health Using Group Model Building: The Case of Debt, Poverty, and Health. International Journal for Equity in Health. 2022;21(1):72. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-022-01676-7
Lok KYW, Choi MSL, Ko RWT, Chau PPH, Lam CCO, Chang YS, et al. Effectiveness of a Home-Based Peer Support Programme for Chinese Mothers with ow Breastfeeding Self-efficacy to Increase the Exclusivity and Duration of Breastfeeding: Study Protocol of a Randomised Control Trial. BMJ Open. 2024;14(7): e081897. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081897
Artigues-barberà E, Tort-nasarre G, Pollina-pocallet M. Key Factors in Supporting Adolescents to Achieve High Self-Esteem and A Positive Body Image: A Qualitative Community-Based Study. PLOS One. 2025;1–20. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318989
Nowak B, Grajek M. The Impact of Social Media on Body Image Perception in Young People. Nutrients. 2025;17(9):1455. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091455
Sebastian J, Jana N, Lucie K, René V, Kamil S. Exploring the Negative Consequences of Online Body Shaming: A Study of Czech Adolescents. Journal of Child and Family Studies. 2025;1268-1282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-025-03032-z
Soponaru C, Cuza I. Body Image, Stress and Coping Strategies in Adolescence. Global Journal of Guidance and Counseling in Schools: Current Perspectives. 2020;10(2):86–94. https://doi.org/10.18844/gjgc.v10i2.5313
Santoniccolo F, Trombetta T, Paradiso MN, Rollè L. The Role of LGBTQ+ Vicarious Trauma in Eating Disorder Risk-A Psychological Parallel Mediation Model. Behavioral Sciences. 2025;15(10):1343. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/15/10/1343
Bahrami A, Zamaninasab Z, Khorasanchi Z, Zarban A, Asadian AH, Ferns GA, et al. The Relationship Between Adherence to the MIND Diet and Maternal Anxiety and Sleep Disorders. Maternal and Child Health Journal. 2025;29(7):954-961. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-025-04119-1