Dengue Antiviral Activity of n-Hexane and Acetone Extract of X. testudinaria’s Rhizome from Spermonde Islands, South Sulawesi

Abstract

DHF is a disease that continues to spread in Indonesia and often causes death to sufferers. DHF is caused by the dengue virus which is transmitted by A. aegypty and A. albopictus mosquitoes. Even though there is a vaccine available in Indonesia, its use is still very limited and requires a very large cost, so a solution is needed to find a drug that is effective in inhibiting the dengue virus. The research conducted was related to the assessment of dengue antiviral activity from the sponge extract X. testudinaria originating from the waters of the Spermonde Islands, South Sulawesi. The research stage included the extraction process with the maceration method using alternating n-hexane and acetone solvents, the extract phytochemical test, the extract's toxic activity test against vero cells and the dengue antiviral activity test (DENV2) from the extract. The results of the study obtained evidence that the extract contains steroid and flavonoid compounds. The extract of n-hexane and acetone X. testudinaria had toxic activity against vero cells where the acetone extract with a lower CC₅₀ value of 2.1 μg/mL had stronger toxic properties to cells compared to n-hexane extract with a CC₅₀ value of 21 μg/mL. While the n-hexane extract had very strong inhibitory activity against dengue virus with a low IC₅₀ value of 3.11 μg / mL, and stronger than acetone extract with an IC₅₀ value of 73.1 μg/mL. The SI values ​​of n-hexane and acetone extract respectively showed that the n-hexane extract was more selective with an SI greater than 3, namely 6.75 compared to acetone extract with SI 0.028. This means that the n-hexane extract has more potential to be used as an antiviral drug than the acetone extract