Abstrak
Traditional authority remains a central component of governance and policy mediation across Africa, where culturally grounded legitimacy often complements formal state institutions. This study examines how traditional institutions contribute to electoral governance through the case of the 2023 general elections in the Bida Emirate, Niger State, Nigeria. Guided by Hybrid Governance Theory and Institutional Pluralism, the research explores how indigenous authority structures interact with formal institutions to promote democratic legitimacy, peace, and civic participation. Using a descriptive survey design, data were collected from 299 respondents and analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics, including the Chi-square test. The analysis reveals that traditional leaders in the Bida Emirate played significant roles in electoral peacebuilding through dialogue, community sensitization, and collaboration with security agencies. Findings highlight how traditional legitimacy complements formal electoral institutions by fostering trust, moral authority, and compliance with peaceful conduct during elections. The study contributes to the policy integration of traditional institutions by demonstrating that hybrid governance can enhance electoral credibility and conflict prevention in plural political environments. It recommends that electoral management bodies institutionalize structured consultations with traditional councils as part of election planning, voter education, and dispute resolution mechanisms. In doing so, African electoral systems can strengthen democratic legitimacy by embedding indigenous authority within the architecture of public administration and governance reform.
Referensi
Abdulmalik, A., & Mustapha, H. (2020). Traditional institutions and governance in northern Nigeria: The case of Bida Emirate. Journal of African Governance Studies, 7(2), 44–58.
Adamolekun, L. (2020). Public administration in Africa: Main issues and selected country studies. New York, NY: Routledge.
Adeola, O., & Adedeji, S. O. (2023). Traditional leadership and social stability in Nigeria’s plural society. African Journal of Governance and Development, 12(1), 67–84.
Adeyemo, T. A. (2023). Hybrid governance and the rethinking of public administration in Africa. Public Policy and Management Review, 15(4), 102–118.
Akinyemi, F. E. (2024). Traditional institutions and electoral governance in sub-Saharan Africa: An institutional gap analysis. Governance and Society, 9(1), 33–51.
Ajayi, K., & Ojo, E. (2020). Indigenous peacebuilding mechanisms and electoral violence prevention in Nigeria. Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 38(1), 88–104.
Arowolo, D. E. (2023). Revisiting the place of traditional authority in Nigeria’s democracy. Journal of African Administration, 6(2), 72–88.
Asante, K., & Yeboah-Assiamah, E. (2021). Chieftaincy and local governance in Ghana: Revisiting traditional roles in modern administration. Journal of African Political Studies, 14(2), 141–160.
Ayee, J. R. A. (2021). Traditional authority and electoral governance in Ghana: Reflections on chieftaincy and democracy. African Journal of Political Science, 30(2), 45–62.
Birch, S., & Muchlinski, D. (2023). Electoral integrity and moral legitimacy in emerging democracies. Electoral Studies, 87, 102615.
Bierschenk, T., & de Sardan, J. P. O. (2020). States at work: Dynamics of African bureaucracies. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.
Boafo-Arthur, K. (2021). Traditional authority and state formation in Ghana: The resilience of chieftaincy institutions. African Affairs, 120(479), 332–351.
Boege, V., Brown, A., Clements, K., & Nolan, A. (2009). On hybrid political orders and emerging states: State formation in the context of “fragility.” Berlin, Germany: Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management.
Daily Trust. (2023, March 5). Etsu Nupe urges political actors to shun violence. Retrieved from https://dailytrust.com
Dlakavu, S., & Mahlalela, M. (2024). Polycentric governance and the relevance of traditional authority in South Africa’s democratic state. Journal of African Political Economy, 19(2), 112–128.
Dube, T., & Mutasa, F. (2024). Local legitimacy and hybrid governance in Southern Africa: Reassessing the state-chief relationship. African Affairs, 123(491), 487–509.
Ekeh, P. (2002). Colonialism and the two publics in Africa: A theoretical statement. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 17(1), 91–112.
Emordi, E. C., & Osiki, O. (2021). Kingship, tradition, and governance in Nigeria. Journal of African Studies, 13(3), 199–215.
Fischer, J. (2002). Electoral conflict and violence: A strategy for study and prevention. Washington, DC: International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES).
Gaventa, J., & Valderrama, C. (2020). Participation, citizenship and local governance. Institute of Development Studies Bulletin, 31(4), 90–101.
Heywood, A., & Houghton, D. (2018). Political theory: An introduction (5th ed.). London, England: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hyden, G. (1983). No shortcuts to progress: African development management in perspective. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Ibrahim, J. (2019). Electoral violence in Nigeria: Challenges and prospects. African Journal of Democracy, 9(1), 45–66.
Jimoh, A. K. (2023). The influence of traditional institutions on voter behaviour in the 2023 elections: Evidence from Kwara State, Nigeria. Kwara State University Working Paper Series, 4(1), 1–18.
Ladan-Baki, T. (2016). Elections and political violence in Nigeria: Patterns, causes and consequences. African Peace Review, 8(2), 33–49.
Lekorwe, M. (2022). The kgotla system and participatory democracy in Botswana. Botswana Journal of African Studies, 18(3), 213–229.
Lund, C. (2020). Twilight institutions: Public authority and local politics in Africa. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Machika, P. (2009). Electoral violence in Africa: Nature, causes, and consequences. IFES Occasional Paper, 12(1), 1–36.
Mamdani, M. (2021). Neither settler nor native: The making and unmaking of permanent minorities. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Meagher, K. (2021). Hybrid governance and institutional multiplicity: Understanding informal institutions in Africa. African Affairs, 120(479), 415–439.
Mlambo, V. H. (2022). Governance in Africa: The persistence of traditional authority. Pretoria, South Africa: University of Pretoria Press.
Mustapha, A., & Bukar, A. (2019). Traditional institutions and governance in Nigeria. African Journal of Social Sciences, 8(2), 1–12.
Mwangi, K. (2024). Traditional councils and sustainable policy implementation in Kenya’s devolved system. East African Public Administration Review, 10(2), 75–93.
Ndagi, M. (2020). The Nupe kingdom and the evolution of the Bida Emirate. Nigerian Historical Review, 15(2), 33–49.
Niger State Bureau of Statistics. (2023). Population estimates and demographic survey of Bida Local Government Area. Minna, Nigeria: State Ministry of Planning.
Nwankwo, I. (2021). Traditional rulers and electoral conflict mediation in Nigeria. Journal of Conflict Transformation, 5(2), 22–39.
Obadare, E. (2023). Traditional rulers and democracy in Nigeria. African Affairs, 122(488), 45–63.
Olivier de Sardan, J. P. (2021). Governance of daily life in Africa: Ethnographic explorations of public and collective services. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.
Oloo, J., & Njoroge, W. (2023). Elders, land, and legitimacy: Reassessing traditional institutions in Kenya’s local governance. Journal of Modern African Studies, 61(1), 43–59.
Olowu, D. (2019). African public administration: A foundational text. Pretoria, South Africa: University of Pretoria Press.
Osei, R., & Ackah, C. (2023). Traditional leadership and local governance in contemporary Africa: A review of policy integration challenges. Journal of African Development Studies, 15(2), 155–172.
Robert, T., & Edward, L. (2019). Electoral systems and democratic consolidation in Africa. African Political Review, 14(3), 102–120.
Sharma, K. (2020). Traditional leadership and participatory democracy in Botswana. Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 58(4), 527–543.
Tacham, N. L., & Acho, E. E. (2024). Elections, violence, and democratic backsliding in Sub-Saharan Africa: A comparative study. African Journal of Peace and Security Studies, 7(2), 97–114.
Tonwe, D., & Osemavota, O. (2020). Traditional institutions and political administration in Africa. African Journal of Political Science, 14(2), 77–89.
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (2011). Elections and conflict prevention: A guide to analysis, planning and programming. New York, NY: UNDP Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery.
United Nations Nigeria. (2023, February 15). Traditional and religious leaders commit to supporting women’s participation in elections and preventing violence. Retrieved from https://nigeria.un.org
Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics: An introductory analysis (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Harper & Row.

Artikel ini berlisensi Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Idress Mahmud Gana, Sakina Nna Umar
