Determinants of Coffee Farmers' Income: Logistic Regression Analysis in North Toraja Regency
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the factors influencing coffee farmers’ income in Buntu Pepasan Subdistrict, North Toraja Regency. A binary logistic regression method was employed with 100 respondents selected using the Lemeshow formula. The dependent variable was farmers’ income, categorized as high or low, while the independent variables included fifteen factors, such as land size, land productivity, number of coffee trees, production costs, coffee bean quality, coffee price, certification and quality standards, weather conditions, and other related factors. The results reveal that eight variables have a positive and significant effect on farmers’ income: land size, land productivity, number of coffee trees, production costs, coffee bean quality, coffee price, certification and quality standards, and weather conditions. Conversely, two variables—access to credit and capital, and pest and disease attacks—show a negative effect. The remaining four variables were found to have no significant impact. The Nagelkerke R Square value of 71.2% indicates that the model effectively explains most variations in farmers’ income. These findings highlight that improving farmers’ income relies not only on increasing production but also on enhancing product quality and strengthening institutional management, such as certification. The results provide a scientific basis for formulating policies that focus on improving productivity, strengthening quality standards and certification, enhancing financing systems, and developing pest and disease control strategies. Ultimately, this approach can boost the competitiveness of Toraja coffee and strengthen Indonesia’s position in the global coffee market.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This works is under Creative Commons Attribution LicenseReferences
Daftar Pustaka
Amisan, R. E., Laoh, O. E. H., & Kapantow, G. H. M. (2017). Analisis Pendapaan Usaha Tani Kopi di Desa Purwerejo Timur , Kecamatan Modayag , Kabupaten Bolaang. Agri-SosioEkonomi, 13(2), 229–236.
Anwar, M. S., Prasmatiwi, F. E., & Endaryanto, T. (2024). Analisis Finansial Usahatani Kopi Sertifikasi dan Non Sertifikasi di Kecamatan Air Naningan Kabupaten Tanggamus. Mimbar Agribisnis : Jurnal Pemikiran Masyarakat Ilmiah Berwawasan Agribisnis, 10(2), 2519. https://doi.org/10.25157/ma.v10i2.14244
Ayu, S. F., & Hotmarida, S. (2020). Keputusan Petani Kopi Arabika Dalam Mengambil Kredit Di Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Agrica, 13(2), 102–114. https://doi.org/10.31289/agrica.v13i2.3766
Azis, A. M., & Irjayanti, M. (2024). Strengthening the accuracy and visibility of supply chain management data in the coffee industry. Cogent Business and Management, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2380811
Basit, B., & Purwatiningsih, R. (2023). Analisis Pendapatan Usahatani Kopi Arabica (Coffea Arabica) Di Kecamatan Sumbermanjing Wetan Kabupaten Malang. Grafting : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pertanian, 13(2), 66–73. https://doi.org/10.35457/grafting.v13i2.3165
BPS Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. (2023). Laporan Bulanan Data Sosial Ekonomi 2023. Badan Pusat Statistik, September, 175. https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2024/01/25/a4f4113ca6027caf5ffced74/laporan-bulanan-data-sosial-ekonomi-desember-2023.html
Bray, J. G., & Neilson, J. (2017). Reviewing the impacts of coffee certification programmes on smallholder livelihoods. International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services and Management, 13(1), 216–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/21513732.2017.1316520
De Felice, F., Rehman, M., Petrillo, A., & Baffo, I. (2025). Decoding the coffee supply chain: A systematic review of stakeholders, sustainability opportunities, and challenges. Sustainable Futures, 10(June), 101105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2025.101105
Dinh, T. L. A., Aires, F., & Rahn, E. (2022). Statistical Analysis of the Weather Impact on Robusta Coffee Yield in Vietnam. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10(June), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.820916
Donovan, J., & Blare, T. (2018). Evaluation of UTZ certification with a focus on coffee businesses in Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua. ICRAF Working Paper-World Agroforestry ldots{}. https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20193289326
Farmasari, & Nasir, M. (2018). Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pendapatan Petani Kopi di Kabupaten Bener Meriah. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa, 3(3), 275–283. https://jim.usk.ac.id/EKP/article/view/8923
Fithriyyah, D., Wulandari, E., & Sendjaja, T. P. (2020). Potensi Komoditas Kopi Dalam Perekonomian Daerah Di Kecamatan Pangalengan Kabupaten Bandung. Jurnal Pemikiran Masyarakat Ilmiah Berwawasan Agribisnis, 6(2), 700–714.
Guntoro, G., Lisnawati, L., Tantawi, A. R., & Safni, I. (2024). Analisis pengaruh cuaca terhadap produksi kopi di Tapanuli Utara, Sumatera Utara. Seminar Nasional Kedaulatan Pertanian, 401–408. https://prosiding.umy.ac.id/semnas-datan/index.php/dt/article/view/36/36
Iski, N., Kusnadi, N., & Harianto, H. (2016). Pengaruh Kredit Terhadap Pendapatan Petani Kopi Arabika Di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah Provinsi Aceh. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Agribisnis, 13(2), 132–144. https://doi.org/10.17358/jma.13.2.132
Jena, P. R., Stellmacher, T., & Grote, U. (2017). Can coffee certification schemes increase incomes of smallholder farmers? Evidence from Jinotega, Nicaragua. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 19(1), 45–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-015-9732-0
Jones, K., Njeru, E. M., Garnett, K., & Girkin, N. (2024). Assessing the Impact of Voluntary Certification Schemes on Future Sustainable Coffee Production. Sustainability (Switzerland) , 16(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135669
Kementan. (2022). Statistik Perkebunan Unggulan Nasional 2020-2022. In Direktorat Jendral Perkebunan Kementan RI.
Kementerian Pertanian. (2023). Outlook komoditas perkebunan. In Sekretariat Jenderal Kementerian Pertanian.
Lutfiah, N. U., Mardiyati, S., & Saleh, M. I. (2023). Pengaruh Faktor Sosial Ekonomi terhadap Pendapatan Usahatani Kopi Arabika di Desa Kendenan Kecamatan Baraka Kabupaten Enrekang. Paspalum: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian, 11(2), 218. https://doi.org/10.35138/paspalum.v11i2.540
Panggabean, Y. B. S. (2020). Strategi Peningkatan Pendapatan Petani Kopi Arabika Toraja Sebagai Unggulan Nasional yang Bernilai Tinggi di Pasar Internasional. In Hasanuddin University. https://www.golder.com/insights/block-caving-a-viable-alternative/
Rasiska, S., Safira, S., Hidayat, Y., Yulia, E., & Ariyanti, M. (2022). Respon Hama Penggerek Buah Kopi (Hypothenemus hampei Ferr.) (Coleoptera: Curculinoidae: Scolytidae) terhadap Ekstrak Buah Kopi yang Terinfestasi Hama sebagai Atraktan di Perkebunan Kopi Rakyat Gunung Tilu. Agrikultura, 33(3), 321. https://doi.org/10.24198/agrikultura.v33i3.40277
Regassa, M. D., & Gebisa, L. A. (2024). Impact of Climate Change on Coffee Quality and Yield. Cross Current International Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, 6(05), 118–125. https://doi.org/10.36344/ccijavs.2024.v06i05.002
Rofi, A. (2018). Strategi Peningkatan Pendapatan Petani Kopi Menggunakan Analisis Rantai Nilai dan Sumber Penghidupan. Majalah Geografi Indonesia, 32(1), 77. https://doi.org/10.22146/mgi.33424
Rosiana, N., Nurmalina, R., Winandi, R., & Rifin, A. (2017). Efficiency Analysis of Indonesian Coffee Supply Chain Network Using A New DEA Model Approach: Literature Review. Asian Social Science, 13(9), 158. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v13n9p158
Saeed, N., Pervaiz, M. K., & Shahbaz, M. Q. (2006). Determination of sample size. European Journal of Scientific Research, 14(3), 319–325. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11799_10
Sahat, S. F., Nuryartono, N., & Hutagaol, M. P. (2018). Analisis Pengembangan Ekspor Kopi Di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Pembangunan, 5(1), 63–89. https://doi.org/10.29244/jekp.5.1.63-89
Sari, S. P. P., Hasan, I., & Ilsan, M. (2023). Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Produksi Kopi Arabika Di Kabupaten Toraja Utara (Studi Kasus Di Desa Paonganan, Kecamatan Buntu Pepasan). Wiratani: Jurnal Ilmiah Agribisnis, 6(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.33096/wiratani.v6i1.114
Sartika, S. R., & Karyani, T. (2018). Studi Kasus: Aksesbilitas Petani Kopi terhadap Kredit dari Lembaga Keuangan Bank. Jurnal Agro Industri Perkebunan, 6(2), 87. https://doi.org/10.25181/jaip.v6i2.954
Septiani, B. A., & Kawuryan, I. S. S. (2021). Analisa Penyebab Turunnya Produksi Kopi Robusta Kabupaten Temanggung. EKUITAS (Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan), 5(3). https://doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2021.v5.i3.4612
Sunanto, S. dan W. R. A. (2019). Analisis Kesepakatan Produktivitas kopi Arabika pada Pengembangan Kawasamn toraja. Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian, 19(1), 42–55.
Suryana, A. T., Harianto, Syaukat, Y., & Harmini. (2023). Indonesia Robusta Coffee Value Chain: Mapping and Upgrading Opportunities. BIO Web of Conferences, 69, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20236904007
Widayat, H. P., Anhar, A., & Baihaqi, A. (2015). Dampak Perubahan Iklim Terhadap Produksi, Kualitas Hasil Dan Pendapatan Petani Kopi Arabika Di Aceh Tengah. Agrisep, 16(2), 8–16.