Peningkatan (Upgrading) Rantai Nilai Sektor Pertanian Indonesia: Kajian Teori dan Hasil-hasil Empiris
Isi Artikel Utama
Abstrak
Rantai nilai sektor pertanian negara berkembang, termasuk Indonesia, merupakan bagian dari rantai nilai global, terutama untuk rantai nilai produk perkebunan yang diperdagangkan secara global (misalnya kopi, kakao, teh, dan kelapa sawit). Banyak peneliti menggunakan perspektif rantai nilai global dengan fokus mengevaluasi hubungan antara perusahaan multinasional (yang dianggap sebagai aktor utama) dan aktor lain (termasuk produsen dan konsumen) dalam perdagangan internasional. Namun, argumen bahwa negara berkembang perlu memiliki kendali lebih besar atas rantai nilai global patut mendapat perhatian. Oleh karena itu, studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi strategi-strategi potensial untuk meningkatkan rantai nilai secara keseluruhan dan dengan cara yang lebih sistematis; sehingga memperkuat posisi dan pengaruhnya dalam rantai nilai global. Tujuan penelitian dicapai dengan meninjau literatur secara khusus tentang rantai nilai, tetapi juga dengan memperluas tinjauan ke literatur tentang politik, ekonomi dan manajemen. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga diperkuat dengan hasil penelitian empiris sebagai 'kasus' atau 'contoh' terkait dengan strategi yang diusulkan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan rantai nilai dicapai melalui kombinasi strategi, misalnya peningkatan nilai tambah produk dan perbaikan tata kelola rantai. Selain itu, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa di era pasar liberalisasi, peran pemerintah seharusnya lebih terlihat. Pasar yang diliberalisasi tidak selalu mencapai ekuilibrium yang optimal, oleh karena itu pemerintah harus dapat memperbaikinya dengan peraturan dan/atau kebijakan yang relevan.
Rincian Artikel
Artikel ini berlisensi Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This works is under Creative Commons Attribution LicenseDeprecated: json_decode(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($json) of type string is deprecated in /home/journal33/public_html/plugins/generic/citations/CitationsPlugin.inc.php on line 49
Referensi
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2021). Statistik Kopi Indonesia 2020. Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia.
Bijman, J. (2007). The role of producer organisations in quality-oriented agro-food chains; an economic organisation perspective. Governance for Quality in Tropical Food Chains, 257–278.
Elhakim, S. K., & Leovita, A. (2020). Model Penguatan Kelembagaan Asosiasi Kopi Minang Sumatera Barat Menuju Manajemen Inovasi Dalam Memperkuat Kearifan Lokal. Jurnal Agrimanex: Agribusiness, Rural Management, and Development Extension, 1(1).
Fisman, R., & Khanna, T. (2004). Facilitating development: The role of business groups. World Development, 32(4), 609–628.
Gereffi, G. (1999). International trade and industrial upgrading in the apparel commodity chain. Journal of International Economics, 48(1), 37–70.
Gibbon, P. (2001). Upgrading primary production: A global commodity chain approach. World Development, 29(2), 345–363.
Gibbon, P., Bair, J., & Ponte, S. (2008). Governing global value chains: an introduction. Economy and Society, 37(3), 315–338.
Giuliani, E., Pietrobelli, C., & Rabellotti, R. (2005). Upgrading in global value chains: lessons from Latin American clusters. World Development, 33(4), 549–573.
Glasbergen, P., & Schouten, G. (2015). Transformative capacities of global private sustainability standards: A reflection on scenarios in the field of agricultural commodities. Journal of Corporate Citizenship, 58, 85–101.
Hanna, V., & Walsh, K. (2008). Interfirm cooperation among small manufacturing firms. International Small Business Journal, 26(3), 299–321.
Humphrey, J., & Schmitz, H. (2002). How does insertion in global value chains affect upgrading in industrial clusters? Regional Studies, 36(9), 1017–1027.
Ibnu, M. (2017). Gatekeepers of Sustainability: On coffee smallholders, standards and certifications in Indonesia. Maastricht University, the Netherlands.
Ibnu, M. (2019). Determinan Partisipasi Petani Kopi dalam Standar dan Sertifikasi Berkelanjutan Common Code for Coffee Community (4C). Jurnal Tanaman Industri Dan Penyegar, 6(3), 135–144. https://doi.org/dx.doi.org/10.21082/jtidp.v6n3.2019.p135-144
Ibnu, M. (2020). Toward a More Sustainable Coffee Production: the Implementation Capacity of Indonesian Standard Coffee. Pelita Perkebunan, 35(3), 212–229.
Ibnu, M., Offermans, A., & Glasbergen, P. (2018a). Certification and farmer organisation: Indonesian smallholder perceptions of benefits. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 54(3), 387–415. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2018.1506093
Ibnu, M., Offermans, A., & Glasbergen, P. (2018b). Certification and farmer organisation: Indonesian smallholder perceptions of benefits. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 54(3), 387–415.
Kaplinsky, R. (2004). Competitions policy and the global coffee and cocoa value chains. United Nations Conference for Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 19–24.
Kolk, A. (2013). Mainstreaming sustainable coffee. Sustainable Development, 21(5), 324–337.
Loconto, A., & Dankers, C. (2014). Impact of international voluntary standards on smallholder market participation in developing countries: a review of the literature. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Rome, Italy.
Lu, H., Trienekens, J. H., Omta, S. W. F. O., & Feng, S. (2008). The value of guanxi for small vegetable farmers in China. British Food Journal.
McDermott, G. A. (2007). The politics of institutional renovation and economic upgrading: Recombining the vines that bind in Argentina. Politics & Society, 35(1), 103–144.
Mesquita, L. F., & Lazzarini, S. G. (2009). Horizontal and vertical relationships in developing economies: Implications for SMEs’ access to global markets. In New Frontiers in Entrepreneurship (pp. 31–66). Springer.
Molenaar, J. W., Kessler, J. J., Blackmore, E., Vorley, B., Gorter, J., & Simons, L. (2013). Building a roadmap to sustainability in agro-commodity production. Aidenvironment, NewForesight, IIED. Accessed on May 18, 2020 at http://www.newforesight.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/IFC-Report_here.pdf.
Muradian, R., & Pelupessy, W. (2005). Governing the coffee chain: The role of voluntary regulatory systems. World Development, 33(12), 2029–2044.
Murphy, J. T. (2007). The challenge of upgrading in African industries: Socio-spatial factors and the urban environment in Mwanza, Tanzania. World Development, 35(10), 1754–1778.
Nadvi, K. (2004). Globalisation and Poverty: How can global value chain research inform the policy debate? IDS Bulletin, 35(1), 20–30.
Neilson, J., & Pritchard, B. (2011). Value chain struggles: Institutions and governance in the plantation districts of South India (Vol. 93). John Wiley & Sons.
Palley, T. I. (2005). From Keynesianism to neoliberalism: Shifting paradigms in economics. In A. Saad-Filho & D. Johnston (Eds.), Neoliberalism: A critical reader (Vol. 268). Pluto Press.
Perez-Aleman, P., & Sandilands, M. (2008). Building value at the top and the bottom of the global supply chain: MNC-NGO partnerships. California Management Review, 51(1), 24–49.
Pierrot, J., Giovannucci, D., & Kasterine, A. (2010). Trends in the trade of certified coffees. In International Trade Centre Technical Paper. International Trade Centre Technical Paper. Accessed on May 18, 2020 at https://ssrn.com/abstract=1736842.
Ponte, S. (2004). Standards and sustainability in the coffee sector. International Institute for Sustainable Development. Accessed on May 18, 2020 at http://www. iisd. org.
Rammohan, K. T., & Sundaresan, R. (2003). Socially embedding the commodity chain: an exercise in relation to coir yarn spinning in Southern India. World Development, 31(5), 903–923.
Reinecke, J., Manning, S., & Von Hagen, O. (2012). The emergence of a standards market: Multiplicity of sustainability standards in the global coffee industry. Organization Studies, 33(5–6), 791–814.
Riisgaard, L. (2009). Global value chains, labor organization and private social standards: Lessons from East African cut flower industries. World Development, 37(2), 326–340.
Roy, D., & Thorat, A. (2008). Success in high value horticultural export markets for the small farmers: The case of Mahagrapes in India. World Development, 36(10), 1874–1890.
Sustainable Coffee Program/SCP. (2014). Indonesia a business case for sustainable coffee production. Accessed on May 18, 2020 at http://www.sustainablecoffeeprogram.com/en/resources.
Syahyuti, S. W., Suhaeti, R. N., Zakaria, A. K., & Nurasa, T. (2014). Kajian Peran Organisasi Petani dalam Mendukung Pembangunan Pertanian. Laporan Hasil Penelitian. Pusat Sosial Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Pertanian. Bogor.
Tander, N., & van Tilburg, A. (2007). Standards and market access in Indian cashew processing and international trade. Governance for Quality in Tropical Food Chains. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 211–238.
Trienekens, J., Petersen, B., Wognum, N., & Brinkmann, D. (2009). European pork chains: Diversity and quality challenges in consumer-oriented production and distribution. Wageningen Academic Publishers.
Trienekens, J., & van Dijk, M. P. (2011). Global value chains: Linking local producers from developing countries to international markets. Amsterdam University Press.
Trienekens, J., & Willems, S. (2007). Innovation and governance in international food supply chains: The cases of Ghanaian pineapples and South African grapes. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 10(4), 42–63.
Van Tilburg, A., Trienekens, J. H., Ruben, R., & van Boekel, M. A. J. S. (2007). Governance for quality management in smallholder-based tropical food chains.
Voora, V., Larrea, C., Bermudez, S., & Baliño, S. (2019). Global market report: Palm oil. International Institute for Sustainable Development Manitoba: Canada.
Wahyudi, A., Wulandari, S., Aunillah, A., & Alouw, J. C. (2020). Sustainability certification as a pillar to promote Indonesian coffee competitiveness. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 418(1), 12009.
Wahyudi, T., & Jati, M. (2012). Challenges of sustainable coffee certification in Indonesia. International Coffee Council 109th Session,(September), 1–14.
Wiguna, S., Karimi, S., & Ridwan, E. (2019). Dampak Skema Relasi Kopi Sebagai Pengembangan Perekonomian Petani Kopi di Pedesaan. Agriekonomika, 8(1), 93–103.
Williamson, O. E. (1999). Strategy research: governance and competence perspectives. Strategic Management Journal, 20(12), 1087–1108.