REVIEW: PERAN KUNYIT (Curcuma longa) SEBAGAI TERAPI HIPERTENSI DAN MEKANISMENYA TERHADAP EKSPRESI GEN
Keywords:
Hipertensi, Curcuma longa, Curcumin, Ekspresi GenAbstract
Hipertensi adalah suatu keadaan dimana tekanan darah sistolik dan atau diastolik melebihi normal dan menjadi salah satu penyakit penyebab kematian tertinggi di dunia. Penggunaan obat-obatan sintetis dalam terapi hipertensi yang digunakan pada jangka panjang dapat menyebabkan efek samping, sehingga masyarakat mulai beralih menggunakan obat tradisional. Penggunaan kunyit (Curcuma longa) sebagai obat tradisional memiliki pengaruh yang baik karena kandungan salah satu komponen yang ada didalamnya yaitu curcumin mampu memperbaiki penyakit kardiovaskular termasuk hipertensi. Namun kajian tentang kunyit (Curcuma longa) sebagai obat tradisional masih dalam cakupan Obat Herbal Terstandar (OHT) dan belum sampai pada fitofarmaka. Curcumin bekerja dengan mempengaruhi berbagai target molekuler melalui interaksinya secara fisik dengan target atau dengan memodulasi faktor transkripsi, aktivitas enzim ataupun ekspresi gen. Ulasan ini merangkum peran kunyit (Curcuma longa) sebagai terapi hipertensi dan mekanismenya terhadap ekspresi gen dengan melakukan penelusuran jurnal ilmiah terpublikasi taraf internasional 10 tahun terakhir (2010-2020) melalui database elektronik berupa PubMed, ScienceDirect dan Google Scholar. Kunyit (Curcuma longa) dapat digunakan pada terapi hipertensi melalui perannya sebagai antioksidan, antiinflamasi, pencegah proliferasi sel otot polos pembuluh darah serta pada reseptor β-adrenergik dan beberapa mekanisme kerjanya terutama ke arah ekspresi gen eNOS, iNOS, ACE, AT1R, arginase, COX-2, Bcl-2 dan Caspase-3. Banyaknya manfaat dan potensi yang dimiliki kunyit (Curcuma longa) terutama perannya dalam mekanisme ekspresi gen pada hipertensi yang nantinya dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut melalui berbagai pengujian.
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