EFEK HIPOGLIKEMIK LARVA UNDUR-UNDUR DARAT (Myrmeleon frontalis) DARI TES TOLERANSI GLUKOSA ORAL PADA TIKUS
Keywords:
Undur-undur darat, Myrmeleon frontalis, diabetes melitus, hipoglikemik, antidiabetik oralAbstract
Prevalensi diabetes melitus di Indonesia pada tahun 2018 sebesar 1,5% di semua umur, sementara prevalensi global pada populasi orang dewasa terus meningkat selama empat dekade terakhir dari 4,7% menjadi 8,5%. Secara empiris, masyarakat Indonesia memanfaatkan larva undur-undur darat (Myrmeleon sp.) untuk menurunkan kadar gula darah dengan cara menelan langsung larva hidup atau memasukkannya ke dalam kapsul. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan efek hipoglikemik serbuk dan ekstrak larva M. frontalis melalui tes toleransi glukosa oral pada tikus. Sebanyak 28 ekor tikus Wistar jantan diinduksi dengan glukosa monohidrat 2 g/kgBB secara oral, kemudian dibagi menjadi 7 kelompok dengan 4 kali ulangan. Kelompok 1 dan 2 diberikan serbuk undur-undur darat dosis 25 dan 50 mg/kgBB, kelompok 3–5 mendapatkan ekstrak pada dosis 12,5; 25; dan 50 mg/kgBB, serta kelompok 6 dan 7 diberikan Na-CMC 0,5% (kontrol negatif) dan glibenklamid 0,50 mg/kgBB (kontrol positif). Persentase penurunan kadar gula darah (%PKGD) ditunjukkan oleh serbuk larva M. frontalis pada kisaran 13,80–29,35%, sedangkan %PKGD pada ekstrak etanolik diperoleh pada rentang 11,34–23,49%. Perbandingan nilai AUC0-180 serbuk dosis 50 mg/kg tidak berbeda signifikan dengan kontrol positif (p>0,05). Dengan demikian, serbuk undur-undur darat memiliki efek hipoglikemik setara dengan glibenklamid sehingga potensial untuk dikembangkan sebagai obat antidiabetik oral.
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