FORMULASI DAN PENGUJIAN STABILITAS SEDIAAN MIKROEMULSI EKSTRAK ETANOL KULIT NANAS (Ananas comosus L.) DALAM MENGHAMBAT BAKTERI Staphylococcus epidermidis
Keywords:
Mikroemulsi, ekstrak kulit nanas, antibakteri, Staphylococus epidermidisAbstract
Kulit nanas memiliki berbagai senyawa seperti bromelain, alkaloid, saponin dan flavonoid yang dapat digunakan sebagai antibakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memanfaatkan limbah kulit nanas dan memformulasikan ke dalam sediaan mikroemulsi yang kemudian dilihat daya hambatnya terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis. Ekstrak kulit nanas diperoleh dengan maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% dan dipekatkan menggunakan rotary evaporator. Ekstrak kulit nanas diskrining fitokimia kemudian diformulasikan ke dalam bentuk sediaan mikroemulsi dengan variasi konsentrasi 0% (F0), 10% (F1), 15% (F2), dan 20% (F3). Sediaan mikroemulsi ekstrak kulit nanas kemudian diuji stabilitasnya dengan metode cycling test. Evaluasi selama pengujian stabilitas diantaranya adalah uji homogenitas, uji tipe emulsi, uji ukuran partikel, uji organoleptik, uji pH, dan uji daya hambat terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis. Berdasarkan hasil uji stabilitas selama 6 siklus, semua sediaan mikroemulsi mempunyai hasil yang homogen dengan tipe emulsi M/A (minyak dalam air), ukuran partikel berkisar antara 0,63373-1,21301 µm. Sediaan mikroemulsi jernih dengan bau khas dan berwarna kekuningan hingga coklat. Sebelum dan sesudah uji stabilitas, sediaan mikroemulsi memenuhi persyaratan uji pH yaitu dengan nilai pH antara 5,3-6,8. Sediaan mikroemulsi yang mengandung 20% ekstrak kulit nanas mempunyai daya hambat terbaik yaitu sebesar 5,58mm (daya hambat sedang)
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