AKTIVITAS ANTIDIABETES BEBERAPA FRAKSI DAUN MIMBA (Azadirachta indica) SECARA IN VITRO BERDASARKAN PENGHAMBATAN ENZIM α-AMILASE
Keywords:
Daun Mimba, Azadirachta indica, Antidiabetes, Enzim α-amilase, DNSAbstract
Diabetes mellitus merupakan penyakit yang ditandai dengan adanya peningkatan kadar glukosa darah karena tubuh tidak dapat menghasilkan atau menggunakan insulin dengan baik. Salah satu tanaman herbal yang dapat menurunan kadar glukosa dalam darah adalah tanaman mimba (Azadirachta indica). Daun mimba telah diketahui memiliki senyawa flavonoid yang sangat berpotensi dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi antidiabetes dari fraksi daun mimba (Azadirachta indica) dengan variasi pelarut berbeda dalam menghambat enzim α-amilase. Daun mimba diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan metanol kemudian dipartisi cair-cair dengan pelarut n-heksan etil asetat dan metanol. Fraksi n-heksan, etil asetat dan metanol daun mimba yang diperoleh dilakukan skrining fitokimia dan uji in vitro terhadap enzim α-amilase menggunakan substrat pati beras dan reagen dinitrosalisilat (DNS). Penghambatan enzim α-amilase dilakukan dengan variasi konsentrasi sampel yaitu 200; 400; 600; 800 dan 1000 ppm. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan menghitung nilai % inhibisi dan IC50. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kandungan senyawa alkaloid dan terpenoid pada fraksi n-heksan; flavonoid dan tanin pada fraksi etil asetat; serta flavonoid, tanin, saponin dan alkaloid pada fraksi metanol. Nilai IC50 fraksi etil asetat didapatkan sebesar 54,85 μg/ml dengan kategori kuat dan metanol sebesar 132,26 μg/ml dengan kategori sedang, sedangkan fraksi n-heksan didapatkan nilai penghambatan sebesar 33,82% pada konsentrasi 600 ppm. Fraksi n-heksan tidak dapat diukur nilai IC50nya karena adanya perbedaan polaritas antara fraksi n-heksan dengan enzim α-amilase sehingga tidak dapat bercampur dengan baik. Fraksi etil asetat menunjukkan penghambatan paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan fraksi lainnya.References
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