Dampak Pandemi COVID-19 Terhadap Keberhasilan Pengobatan Tuberkulosis: Scoping Review
Keywords:
COVID-19, hasil pengobatan, keberhasilan terapi, tuberkulosis, COVID-19, hasil pengobatan, keberhasilan terapi, tuberkulosisAbstract
Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan penyakit infeksi yang memberikan beban pembiayaan kesehatan yang besar bagi negara. Pasien TB merupakan pasien yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian khusus untuk pengobatannya karena durasi pengobatan yang cukup lama yaitu minimal enam bulan. Kondisi pandemi COVID-19 dapat berdampak pada pelaksanaan pengobatan TB di sarana pelayanan kesehatan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dampak pandemi COVID-19 terhadap hasil pengobatan pasien TB. Metode: Pendekatan scoping review dilakukan dalam penulisan artikel ini. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan melalui pangkalan data PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan SpringerLink, menggunakan kata kunci tuberculosisAND ("treatment outcome" OR "therapy outcome") AND (covid OR pandemic) yang diseleksi berdasarkan batasan yang telah ditetapkan. Artikel hasil pencarian disusun menggunakan EndNote X9. Berdasarkan hasil penelusuran, didapatkan sembilan artikel penelitian observasional. Pengobatan TB dikatakan berhasil jika subjek penelitian dinyatakan sembuh atau pengobatan lengkap. Hasil pengobatan TB pada periode sebelum dibandingkan dengan selama pandemi COVID-19 pada lima negara menunjukkan adanya penurunan angka keberhasilan terapi, yaitu Malawi (Lilongwe) 0,1%; China 1,0%; China (Ningxia Hui) 2,53%; Korea 5,9%; Etiopia 8,03%; dan Zimbabwe (Harare) 11,6%. Akan tetapi, dua penelitian di Kenya (Nairobi) dan Sierra Leone, Afrika menunjukkan peningkatan keberhasilan terapi TB selama masa pandemi secara berturut-turut, yaitu 2% dan 8,9%. Tren hasil pengobatan TB selama masa pandemi COVID-19 menunjukkan hasil yang variatif, namun mayoritas penelitian menunjukkan penurunan keberhasilan di beberapa negara.References
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