AKTIVITAS ANTIMITOSIS HASIL FRAKSINASI EKSTRAK KLOROFORM SPONS Siphanocalina sp TERHADAP SEL ZIGOT BULU BABI Tripneustus gratilla Linn.
Abstract
Kanker merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan karena ketidaknormalan pertumbuhan sel. Resistensi sel kanker pada beberapa jenis obat kanker serta efek samping obat yang begitu besar terhadap sel normal merupakan masalah dalam pengobatan kanker. Hal ini mendorong para peneliti untuk melakukan penelitian guna penemuan obat antikanker baru. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan biota laut yang diperoleh dari perairan di Sulawesi Selatan yaitu spons Siphanocalina sp yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antimitosis dari hasil fraksinasi ekstrak kloroform spons Siphanocalina sp. terhadap sel zigot Tripneustus gratilla Linn dan mengetahui golongan komponen kimia yang berperan dalam aktivitas antimitosis tersebut. Pengujian aktivitas antimitosis menggunakan sel zigot yang diperoleh dengan pembuahan sel telur dan sperma Tripneustus gratilla Linn yang dilakukan secara invitro. Sel zigot kemudian diberi perlakuan fraksi-fraksi hasil fraksinasi ekstrak kloroform dengan konsentrasi 100 µg/ml . Fraksi yang memiliki aktivitas penghambatan terbesar selanjutnya dilarutkan dengan pelarut etil asetat sehingga diperoleh subfraksi larut etil asetat dan tidak larut etil asetat. Selanjutnya, uji aktivitas subfraksi larut etil asetat dan tidak larut etil asetat dilakukan dengan konsentrasi 1, 10, dan 100 µg/ml. Pembelahan sel diamati menggunakan mikroskop cahaya setelah 2 jam inkubasi. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa fraksi tidak larut etil asetat memiliki aktivitas antimitosis yang kuat dengan nilai IC 50 15,14 µg/ml. Kontrol positif yang digunakan yaitu vinkristin dengan IC50 sebesar 0,183 µg/ml. Hasil identifikasi menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis menunjukkan bahwa golongan senyawa kimia yang memiliki aktivitas antimitosis pada fraksi tidak larut etil asetat spons Siphanocalina sp diduga golongan alkaloida.
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