Preferensi Bersarang dan Morfometrik Lebah Tanpa Sengat di Kabupaten Luwu, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
Nesting Preferences and Their Morphometric Stingless Bees in Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24259/perennial.v21i2.45554Kata Kunci:
Conservation, host tree, Meliponini, morphology, pollinatorAbstrak
Lebah tanpa sengat (Apidae: Meliponini) merupakan polinator dalam ekosistem tropis yang menunjukkan variasi morfologis dan ekologis antar spesies. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakter morfometrik dan preferensi bersarang lebah tanpa sengat di Kabupaten Luwu, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui survei lapangan untuk mengakses preferensi sarang lebah tanpa sengat dengan menemukan sarangnya di habitat alami yang berbeda, kemudian sampel lebah diukur untuk memperoleh data morfometrik. Data selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan analisis varian (ANOVA) satu arah, korelasi Pearson, dan klastering hierarki dengan aplikasi SPSS 30.1.1.1.. Pengamatan menunjukkan preferensi lebah tanpa sengat terhadap pohon Lansium domesticum sebagai lokasi sarang (42.5%), dengan variasi ketinggian sarang, elevasi, dan ukuran pintu masuk yang berbeda signifikan antar spesies (p < 0.05). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Tetragonula fuscobaltea memiliki ukuran tubuh paling kecil (2.99 ± 0.05), sedangkan Tetragonula biroi lebih besar (3.97 ± 0.10 mm), dan membentuk klaster morfometrik yang berdekatan, dimana terdapat dua kelompok utama, dengan T. fuscobaltea terpisah dari tiga spesies lainnya. Korelasi positif kuat ditemukan antar parameter tubuh (r > 0.95), sedangkan variabel lingkungan seperti elevasi dan ketinggian sarang tidak menunjukkan hubungan signifikan terhadap morfometri. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar dalam identifikasi spesies lebah tanpa sengat secara morfometrik, serta mendukung pengembangan konservasi berbasis habitat alami dan peningkatan budidaya lebah lokal di Kabupaten Luwu dan wilayah Sulawesi Selatan secara umum.
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