Studi Etnobotani Tentang Tanaman Obat di Desa Penfui Timur, Kabupaten Kupang
Ethnobotanic Study of Medicinal Plants in East Penfui Village, Kupang Regency
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24259/perennial.v22i1.45589Kata Kunci:
Khasiat Obat Tradisional, Organ Tanaman, Tanaman ObatAbstrak
Indonesia merupakan salah satu dari lima negara dengan tingkat keanekaragaman hayati tertinggi di dunia (megadiverse countries). Kekayaan hayati ini menjadikan Indonesia sebagai sumber penting dalam pengembangan pengobatan tradisional. Hasil identifikasi tanaman obat di kawasan Asia Tenggara menunjukkan bahwa sekitar 80% spesies tanaman obat terdapat di Indonesia. Secara keseluruhan, Indonesia memiliki 5.490 taksa tumbuhan obat yang mencakup sekitar 20% dari total spesies tanaman obat di dunia. Keanekaragaman hayati tersebut menegaskan status Indonesia sebagai negara megadiversitas sekaligus menyoroti pentingnya pendokumentasian pengetahuan pengobatan tradisional masyarakat. Sebagai negara megadiversitas, Indonesia memberikan kontribusi besar terhadap praktik pengobatan tradisional di berbagai wilayah, termasuk di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendokumentasikan pengetahuan tradisional masyarakat Desa Penfui Timur, Kabupaten Kupang, mengenai pemanfaatan tanaman obat lokal. Penelitian ini secara khusus berfokus pada penggunaan tanaman untuk tujuan pengobatan (terapeutik) dan tidak mencakup penggunaan spiritual maupun budaya. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei etnobotani melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi visual, yang dilaksanakan pada Mei – Juni 2025. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 26 spesies tanaman obat dari 22 famili yang dimanfaatkan masyarakat untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit seperti diare, demam, luka, patah tulang, lidah putih, pemulihan pasca persalinan, dan asam urat. Bagian tumbuhan yang paling sering digunakan adalah daun, karena mudah diperoleh dan mengandung berbagai senyawa bioaktif. Pengetahuan lokal ini mencerminkan kearifan tradisional dalam pemanfaatan sumber daya hayati secara berkelanjutan serta penting untuk dilestarikan sebagai dasar pengembangan dan konservasi keanekaragaman hayati.
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