Kinerja Pertumbuhan dan Respons Imun Larva Udang Vaname yang diberi Probiotik Pseudoalteromonas piscicida dan Prebiotik Mannanoligosakarida melalui Bioenkapsulasi Artemia sp.
Abstract
Pemberian probiotik, prebiotik, dan sinbiotik merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan respons imun pada ikan, udang, dan organisme akuatik lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kinerja pertumbuhan dan respons imun larva udang vaname yang diberi probiotik Pseudoalteromonas piscicida (1Ub), prebiotik mannanoligosakarida (MOS), dan sinbiotik (kombinasi probiotik 1Ub dan prebiotik MOS) melalui bioenkapsulasi Artemia sp. Bioenkapsulasi dilakukan dengan cara menambahkan probiotik 1Ub konsentrasi 106 CFU/mL, prebiotik MOS 12 mg/L, dan sinbiotik (kombinasi 106 CFU/mL 1Ub dengan 12 mg/L MOS) pada media pemeliharaan Artemia sp. selama 4 jam. Pemberian Artemia sp. hasil bioenkapsulasi ke larva udang dilakukan selama 13 hari (Mysis3 sampai PL12). Pertumbuhan panjang dan bobot tubuh larva udang vaname diamati pada awal dan akhir penelitian, sedangkan rasio RNA/DNA, aktivitas enzim pencernaan, kelangsungan hidup, jumlah total bakteri, dan respons imun larva udang meliputi total hemosit (THC), aktivitas phenoloxidase (PO), dan aktivitas respiratory burst (RB) dianalisa pada akhir penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan laju pertumbuhan harian (DGR), panjang mutlak, rasio RNA/DNA, aktivitas enzim, kelangsungan hidup, jumlah total bakteri, dan respons imun pada larva udang yang diberi probiotik, prebiotik, dan sinbiotik berbeda nyata (p˂0,05) dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Pemberian sinbiotik menunjukkan hasil terbaik dengan DGR (24.39±0.31% per hari), panjang mutlak (13.00±0.50 mm), rasio RNA/DNA (0.6369±0.0094), aktivitas enzim pencernaan (protease 0.033±0.0007; lipase 0.047±0.0010; amilase 0.853±0.008; mananase 0.148±0.004 U/mL/menit), kelangsungan hidup (92.67±1.26%), jumlah total bakteri (6.7 x 107 CFU/0.1g larva), THC (7.6 x 106 sel/mL), aktivitas PO (0.19±0.002 OD 490 nm), dan aktivitas RB (0.67±0.028 OD 630 nm) yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya dan kontrol.
Kata Kunci: probiotik, prebiotik, sinbiotik, Artemia sp., udang vaname.
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