Pola Distribusi Temporal Struktur Ukuran dan Jenis Kelamin Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) di Perairan Sekitar Hutan Mangrove Selat Tiworo, Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia
Abstract
Perikanan rajungan di Sulawesi Tenggara dikenal sejak 3 dekade lalu. Organisme ini dieksploitasi
intensif sejak 1 dekade terakhir karena harganya sangat tinggi. Populasinya menjurus pada over
eksploiasi yang ditunjukan antara lain ukuran lebar karapas (LK) semakin kecil (< 6.0 cm) dan
jumlah rajungan betina semakin berkurang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola
distribusi struktur ukuran LK setiap jenis kelamin dan sex rasio rajungan di perairan sekitar hutan
mangrove. Sample rajungan diperoleh setiap bulan menggunakan alat tangkap bubu. Sample yang
diperoleh diidentifikasi jenis kelaminnya, diukur LKnya menggunakan caliper (0.1 cm) dan
ditimbang bobot tubuhnya menggunakan elektonic balance (1 g). Data yang diperoleh
dikelompokan dan dihitung menurut jenis kelamin dan stuktur ukuran LK, yaitu LK < 6.0 cm
(juvenile), 6.0 – 8.9 cm (remaja), dan > 9.0 cm (dewasa). Signifikansi sex rasio diuji menggunakan
Chi-square (α = 0.05). Hasil penelitian menunjukan rajungan LK < 6.0 jantan dan betina terbanyak
pada Juli, kemudian menurun dan berfluktuasi hingga Desember. Sebaliknya, rajungan jantan dan
betina LK 6.0 – 8.9 cm dan LK > 9.0 cm mempunyai pola fluktuasi distribusi relatif sama, kecuali
rajungan betina meningkat pada Oktober kemudian menurun drastis pada November dan
Desember. Sex rasio jantan dan betina umumnya tidak seimbang (jantan < betina), terutama pada
bulan Juli, Agustus, Oktober, dan Desember. Penelitian ini menunjukan kelimpahan rajungan LK
6.0 – 8.9 cm lebih dominan dibandingkan juvenile dan dewasa. Implikasi data ini menjelaskan
bahwa perairan di dekat hutan mangrove disenangi rajungan juvenile dan remaja. Diperkirakan
setelah mencapai ukuran dewasa, rajungan remaja tersebut akan menuju ke perairan laut dalam.
Kata kunci: distribusi temporal, struktur ukuran, sex rasio, Portunus pelagicus.
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